infectious vaccines (antigens) - Extension Veterinary Medicine
... procedures for carriers of animal diseases Discuss identification and disposal procedures for carriers of animal diseases Describe roles of agencies in the county, state and federal government for implementing regulatory eradication programs against animal diseases ...
... procedures for carriers of animal diseases Discuss identification and disposal procedures for carriers of animal diseases Describe roles of agencies in the county, state and federal government for implementing regulatory eradication programs against animal diseases ...
Important Zoonotic Diseases of Zoo and Domestic Animals
... Diagnosis: Negri bodies (hippocampus), rabies virus antigen (Direct FA) Prevention: Avoid contact and vaccinationboth very effective ...
... Diagnosis: Negri bodies (hippocampus), rabies virus antigen (Direct FA) Prevention: Avoid contact and vaccinationboth very effective ...
Chain of Infection
... To move from the reservoir, a micro-organism needs a Mode of Transmission to a susceptible host or home. ...
... To move from the reservoir, a micro-organism needs a Mode of Transmission to a susceptible host or home. ...
Livestock - Clostridial diseases FVSU
... wound itself may be minor or healed. There are no remarkable lesions. ...
... wound itself may be minor or healed. There are no remarkable lesions. ...
How to spot foot and mouth disease
... Defra deals with the essentials of life – food, air, land, water and people. ...
... Defra deals with the essentials of life – food, air, land, water and people. ...
Foot and Mouth Disease - Fact Sheet 1
... Defra deals with the essentials of life – food, air, land, water and people. ...
... Defra deals with the essentials of life – food, air, land, water and people. ...
Recurrent Streptococcal Pharyngitis in a Family
... Who will coordinate testing & response? Test coordination is important to ensure proper collection, testing, saving, or forwarding of bacterial isolates for typing (if indicated); ensure that human and animal data are considered in parallel; and ensure that the context of human and animal test resul ...
... Who will coordinate testing & response? Test coordination is important to ensure proper collection, testing, saving, or forwarding of bacterial isolates for typing (if indicated); ensure that human and animal data are considered in parallel; and ensure that the context of human and animal test resul ...
Infection/Inflammation
... • Clinical course of infection – period when it can be transmitted to others. • Clinical course of an infection varies: – Causative organism – Dose and virulence of the causative organism – Mode of entry of the organism – Site of infection – Overall host resistance (health status) of the infected pe ...
... • Clinical course of infection – period when it can be transmitted to others. • Clinical course of an infection varies: – Causative organism – Dose and virulence of the causative organism – Mode of entry of the organism – Site of infection – Overall host resistance (health status) of the infected pe ...
Conjunctivitis Patient Leaflet
... the organism coming in contact with your eye and symptoms developing (the incubation time) can vary from 24 hours up to around one month depending on the cause. The symptoms include: Watery, “sticky” eyes Yellow or green discharge from the eyes Red, swollen itchy eyes ...
... the organism coming in contact with your eye and symptoms developing (the incubation time) can vary from 24 hours up to around one month depending on the cause. The symptoms include: Watery, “sticky” eyes Yellow or green discharge from the eyes Red, swollen itchy eyes ...
Parasite Ecology
... Population Terminology • Intensity = # of parasites within a host. • Mean intensity = average number of parasites within infected hosts. • Prevalence = % infected. • Incidence = New Infection/time uninfected at start time • Density = total # in sampling unit. ...
... Population Terminology • Intensity = # of parasites within a host. • Mean intensity = average number of parasites within infected hosts. • Prevalence = % infected. • Incidence = New Infection/time uninfected at start time • Density = total # in sampling unit. ...
Lymphadenopathy
... Gram stain and culture of the pus should be obtained. Surgical drainage is required for an abscess. The sizes of involved nodes should be documented before treatment. Failure to decrease in size within 10–14 days also suggests the need for further evaluation. This may include a complete blood cell c ...
... Gram stain and culture of the pus should be obtained. Surgical drainage is required for an abscess. The sizes of involved nodes should be documented before treatment. Failure to decrease in size within 10–14 days also suggests the need for further evaluation. This may include a complete blood cell c ...
Infection_control
... to be infected with pathogens for which additional precautions are needed. They are always in addition to standard precautions. Eg. Airborne precautions Droplet precautions Contact precautions ...
... to be infected with pathogens for which additional precautions are needed. They are always in addition to standard precautions. Eg. Airborne precautions Droplet precautions Contact precautions ...
Hookwrms - Alpine Animal Hospital
... (called an anthelmintic), the adult worms are killed. Two treatments are needed; they are typically performed at a 23 week interval. Ideally, kittens are dewormed during their vaccination series. Since the cat's environment can be laden with hookworm eggs and larvae, it may be necessary to treat it ...
... (called an anthelmintic), the adult worms are killed. Two treatments are needed; they are typically performed at a 23 week interval. Ideally, kittens are dewormed during their vaccination series. Since the cat's environment can be laden with hookworm eggs and larvae, it may be necessary to treat it ...
worming your dog
... Human infection (toxocariasis) may occur if mature Toxocara (roundworm) eggs are swallowed, however, it is very rare for anyone to become ill as a result. About 1-2% of healthy adults in the UK already possess Toxocara antibodies which means that they have been exposed to Toxocara eggs or larvae wit ...
... Human infection (toxocariasis) may occur if mature Toxocara (roundworm) eggs are swallowed, however, it is very rare for anyone to become ill as a result. About 1-2% of healthy adults in the UK already possess Toxocara antibodies which means that they have been exposed to Toxocara eggs or larvae wit ...
4 ECHINOCOCCOSIS 1. Definition Echinococcosis (hydatid disease
... The definite host for E. granulosus, mainly canids, becomes infected when they ingest cysts in the tissue of the intermediate host (sheep, goats, cattle). The cysts develop into tapeworms, which mature in the canid small intestine. Eggs are shed in the canid feces ...
... The definite host for E. granulosus, mainly canids, becomes infected when they ingest cysts in the tissue of the intermediate host (sheep, goats, cattle). The cysts develop into tapeworms, which mature in the canid small intestine. Eggs are shed in the canid feces ...
Thursday, April 16, 2015
... throat mucus of an infected person. It can spread to others through coughing and sneezing. Also, measles virus can live for up to two hours in an airspace where the infected person coughed or sneezed. If other people breathe the contaminated air or touch the infected surface, then touch their eyes, ...
... throat mucus of an infected person. It can spread to others through coughing and sneezing. Also, measles virus can live for up to two hours in an airspace where the infected person coughed or sneezed. If other people breathe the contaminated air or touch the infected surface, then touch their eyes, ...
Fasciolosis
Fasciolosis (also known as fascioliasis, fasciolasis, distomatosis and liver rot) is a parasitic worm infection caused by the common liver fluke Fasciola hepatica as well as by Fasciola gigantica. The disease is a plant-borne trematode zoonosis, and is classified as a Neglected Tropical Disease (NTD). It affects humans, but its main host is ruminants such as cattle and sheep. The disease progresses through four distinct phases; an initial incubation phase of between a few days up to three months with little or no symptoms; an invasive or acute phase which may manifest with: fever, malaise, abdominal pain, gastrointestinal symptoms, urticaria, anemia, jaundice, and respiratory symptoms. The disease later progresses to a latent phase with less symptoms and ultimately into a chronic or obstructive phase months to years later. In the chronic state the disease causes inflammation of the bile ducts, gall bladder and may cause gall stones as well as fibrosis. While chronic inflammation is connected to increased cancer rates it is unclear whether fasciolosis is associated with increased cancer risk.Up to half of those infected display no symptoms, and diagnosis is difficult because eggs are often missed in fecal examination. The methods of detection are through fecal examination, parasite-specific antibody detection, radiological diagnosis as well as laparotomy. In case of a suspected outbreak it may be useful to keep track of dietary history, which is also useful for exclusion of differential diagnoses. Fecal examination is generally not helpful because eggs can seldom be detected in the chronic phase of the infection and detection of eggs. Eggs appear in the feces first between 9–11 weeks post-infection. The cause of this is unknown, and the it is also difficult to distinguish between the different species of fasciola as well distinguishing them from Echinostomes and Fasciolopsis. Most immunodiagnostic tests detect infection with very high sensitivity and as concentration drops after treatment it is a very good diagnostic method. Clinically it is not possible to differentiate from other liver and bile diseases. Radiological methods can detect lesions in both acute and chronic infection, while laparotomy will detect lesions and also occasionally eggs and live worms.Because of the size of the parasite (adult F. hepatica: 20–30 × 13 mm, adult F. gigantica: 25–75×12 mm) fasciolosis is a big concern. The amount of symptoms depend on how many worms and what stage the infection is in. The death rate is significant in both sheep and cattle, but generally low among humans. Treatment with triclabendazole is highly effective against the adult worms as well as various developing stages. Praziquantel is not effective, and older drugs such as bithionol are moderately effective but also cause more side effects. Secondary bacterial infection causing cholangitis is also a concern and can be treated with antibiotics, and toxaemia may be treated with prednisolone.Humans are infected by eating watergrown plants, primarily wild grown watercress in Europe and morning glory in Asia. Infection may also occur by drinking contaminated water with floating young fasciola or when using utensils washed with contaminated water. Cultivated plants do not spread the disease in the same capacity. Human infection is rare even if the infection rate is high among animals. Especially high rates of human infection have been found in Bolivia, Peru and Egypt, and this may be due to consumption of certain foods. No vaccine is available to protect people against Fasciola infection. Preventative measures are primarily treating and immunization the livestock – which are required for the live cycle of the worms. Veterinary vaccines are in development and their use is being considered by a number of countries on account of the risk to human health and economic losses resulting from livestock infection. Other methods include using molluscicides to decrease the amount of snails that act as vectors, but it is not practical. Educational methods to decrease consumption of wild watercress and other waterplants has been shown to work in areas with a high disease burden. In some areas of the world where fascioliasis is found (endemic), special control programs are in place or are planned. The types of control measures depend on the setting (such as epidemiologic, ecologic, and cultural factors). Strict control of the growth and sale of watercress and other edible water plants is important.Individual people can protect themselves by not eating raw watercress and other water plants, especially from endemic grazing areas. Travelers to areas with poor sanitation should avoid food and water that might be contaminated (tainted). Vegetables grown in fields that might have been irrigated with polluted water should be thoroughly cooked, as should viscera from potentially infected animals. Fascioliasis occurs in Europe, Africa, the Americas as well as Oceania. Recently, worldwide losses in animal productivity due to fasciolosis were conservatively estimated at over US$3.2 billion per annum. Fasciolosis is now recognized as an emerging human disease: the World Health Organization (WHO) has estimated that 2.4 million people are infected with Fasciola, and a further 180 million are at risk of infection.