cbpp_epidemiology
... disease. This is obviously difficult to reproduce. Most of the support for the contention that these animals play a role in transmission is based on attempts to explain outbreaks that have occurred when no obvious source of introduction could be identified and on models based on assumptions of infec ...
... disease. This is obviously difficult to reproduce. Most of the support for the contention that these animals play a role in transmission is based on attempts to explain outbreaks that have occurred when no obvious source of introduction could be identified and on models based on assumptions of infec ...
Occupational Health and Safety Working with Goats
... identical, and cross-species infections can occur. Surveys from all over the world have found prevalences of 5% to 90% in calves. In man, the incubation period is generally 3-25 days. The symptomatology consists mainly of diarrhea and bloating, frequently accompanied by abdominal pain. Nausea and vo ...
... identical, and cross-species infections can occur. Surveys from all over the world have found prevalences of 5% to 90% in calves. In man, the incubation period is generally 3-25 days. The symptomatology consists mainly of diarrhea and bloating, frequently accompanied by abdominal pain. Nausea and vo ...
Echinococcosis (Hydatid disease) ICD
... Dogs and foxes. Major intermediate hosts include goats, sheep, and .cattle ...
... Dogs and foxes. Major intermediate hosts include goats, sheep, and .cattle ...
Chapter 17 Zoonosis
... Zoonotic Disease - diseases that are naturally transmitted from animals to humans More than 150 are known. Origins of Zoonoses Reservoir - object that serves as a long-term habitat for an infectious agent. Ex: animals, soil, water, plants Source of Infection - individual or object from which an infe ...
... Zoonotic Disease - diseases that are naturally transmitted from animals to humans More than 150 are known. Origins of Zoonoses Reservoir - object that serves as a long-term habitat for an infectious agent. Ex: animals, soil, water, plants Source of Infection - individual or object from which an infe ...
Goat Sheep Blue tongue FVSU
... BTV is transmitted through the bite of an infected Culicoides fly. These flies are biological vectors. Virus can also be transmitted vertically from viremic dams to the developing fetus or from male to female through semen during the period of peak viremia. Cattle can ...
... BTV is transmitted through the bite of an infected Culicoides fly. These flies are biological vectors. Virus can also be transmitted vertically from viremic dams to the developing fetus or from male to female through semen during the period of peak viremia. Cattle can ...
History,Epidemiology,Reason for increase incidence,Transmission
... • Definition :Pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) is a contagious bacterial infection that mainly involves the lungs, but may spread to other organs caused by the Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Mycobacterium bovis • In the United States, most people will recover from primary TB infection without further ev ...
... • Definition :Pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) is a contagious bacterial infection that mainly involves the lungs, but may spread to other organs caused by the Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Mycobacterium bovis • In the United States, most people will recover from primary TB infection without further ev ...
Life Sciences Issue 5: Parasites
... eggs in fresh dog faeces do not present a risk as it takes three weeks for the larvae within the egg to become infective. However, the eggs can remain hazardous within the soil. Responsible dog owners should ‘worm’ their dogs regularly to prevent infection, as should the owners of all companion anim ...
... eggs in fresh dog faeces do not present a risk as it takes three weeks for the larvae within the egg to become infective. However, the eggs can remain hazardous within the soil. Responsible dog owners should ‘worm’ their dogs regularly to prevent infection, as should the owners of all companion anim ...
Hemobartonellosis in Cats
... spread by blood-sucking parasites such as mosquitoes, lice, fleas, and ticks. It may also be spread via bite wounds or transmitted to unborn offspring in pregnant females. Cats that are also infected with feline leukemia virus are at a higher risk for more severe infection. ...
... spread by blood-sucking parasites such as mosquitoes, lice, fleas, and ticks. It may also be spread via bite wounds or transmitted to unborn offspring in pregnant females. Cats that are also infected with feline leukemia virus are at a higher risk for more severe infection. ...
Infectious Mononucleosis Fever Sore Throat
... rupture Thrombocytopenia Neutropenia Hemolytic anemia ...
... rupture Thrombocytopenia Neutropenia Hemolytic anemia ...
-An estimated 240 million people are chronically infected with
... hepatitis B surface antigen positive for at least 6 months) . More than 686 000 people die every year due to complications of hepatitis B, including cirrhosis and liver cancer.Hepatitis B is an important occupational hazard for health workers. However, it can be prevented by currently available safe ...
... hepatitis B surface antigen positive for at least 6 months) . More than 686 000 people die every year due to complications of hepatitis B, including cirrhosis and liver cancer.Hepatitis B is an important occupational hazard for health workers. However, it can be prevented by currently available safe ...
May 10, 2012 - NC One Health Collaborative
... useful for animal and human disease detection and could be helpful in maintaining food safety. (4/10) Study shows first N.C. case of feral pig exposure to nasty bacteria ...
... useful for animal and human disease detection and could be helpful in maintaining food safety. (4/10) Study shows first N.C. case of feral pig exposure to nasty bacteria ...
ไม่มีชื่อเรื่องภาพนิ่ง
... potentially useful antiviral agents -Helps approximate how drugs/vaccines might perform in human. -Helps to understand some certain mechanism of disease and therapeutic agent observed in animal model. -Study in animal is able to induced certain condition that can not be done in human. ...
... potentially useful antiviral agents -Helps approximate how drugs/vaccines might perform in human. -Helps to understand some certain mechanism of disease and therapeutic agent observed in animal model. -Study in animal is able to induced certain condition that can not be done in human. ...
A Stochastic Model of Paratuberculosis Infection In Scottish Dairy
... 2. Scottish Agricultural College, Animal Health Group, West Mains Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3JG. Environmental Infection ...
... 2. Scottish Agricultural College, Animal Health Group, West Mains Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3JG. Environmental Infection ...
Parasitic Diseases
... Stools initially may be profuse and watery and later become greasy Giardia has been associated with iron deficiency ...
... Stools initially may be profuse and watery and later become greasy Giardia has been associated with iron deficiency ...
Goat Sheep Int Parasites FVSU
... worms. In the summer when it is hot, parasite eggs and larvae may not survive so well on pasture. However, there may be another high risk of the disease in autumn, when temperatures begin to fall and the young worms once again can survive on pastures until the cold ...
... worms. In the summer when it is hot, parasite eggs and larvae may not survive so well on pasture. However, there may be another high risk of the disease in autumn, when temperatures begin to fall and the young worms once again can survive on pastures until the cold ...
Title: Intracellular Calcium Regulation in JC Polyomavirus Infection
... Background and Objectives: The majority of the human population is infected with JC polyomavirus (JCPyV). The virus establishes a persistent, asymptomatic infection in the kidney of healthy individuals. In immunosuppressed individuals, JCPyV can migrate to the CNS and cause the fatal demyelinating d ...
... Background and Objectives: The majority of the human population is infected with JC polyomavirus (JCPyV). The virus establishes a persistent, asymptomatic infection in the kidney of healthy individuals. In immunosuppressed individuals, JCPyV can migrate to the CNS and cause the fatal demyelinating d ...
Fasciolosis
Fasciolosis (also known as fascioliasis, fasciolasis, distomatosis and liver rot) is a parasitic worm infection caused by the common liver fluke Fasciola hepatica as well as by Fasciola gigantica. The disease is a plant-borne trematode zoonosis, and is classified as a Neglected Tropical Disease (NTD). It affects humans, but its main host is ruminants such as cattle and sheep. The disease progresses through four distinct phases; an initial incubation phase of between a few days up to three months with little or no symptoms; an invasive or acute phase which may manifest with: fever, malaise, abdominal pain, gastrointestinal symptoms, urticaria, anemia, jaundice, and respiratory symptoms. The disease later progresses to a latent phase with less symptoms and ultimately into a chronic or obstructive phase months to years later. In the chronic state the disease causes inflammation of the bile ducts, gall bladder and may cause gall stones as well as fibrosis. While chronic inflammation is connected to increased cancer rates it is unclear whether fasciolosis is associated with increased cancer risk.Up to half of those infected display no symptoms, and diagnosis is difficult because eggs are often missed in fecal examination. The methods of detection are through fecal examination, parasite-specific antibody detection, radiological diagnosis as well as laparotomy. In case of a suspected outbreak it may be useful to keep track of dietary history, which is also useful for exclusion of differential diagnoses. Fecal examination is generally not helpful because eggs can seldom be detected in the chronic phase of the infection and detection of eggs. Eggs appear in the feces first between 9–11 weeks post-infection. The cause of this is unknown, and the it is also difficult to distinguish between the different species of fasciola as well distinguishing them from Echinostomes and Fasciolopsis. Most immunodiagnostic tests detect infection with very high sensitivity and as concentration drops after treatment it is a very good diagnostic method. Clinically it is not possible to differentiate from other liver and bile diseases. Radiological methods can detect lesions in both acute and chronic infection, while laparotomy will detect lesions and also occasionally eggs and live worms.Because of the size of the parasite (adult F. hepatica: 20–30 × 13 mm, adult F. gigantica: 25–75×12 mm) fasciolosis is a big concern. The amount of symptoms depend on how many worms and what stage the infection is in. The death rate is significant in both sheep and cattle, but generally low among humans. Treatment with triclabendazole is highly effective against the adult worms as well as various developing stages. Praziquantel is not effective, and older drugs such as bithionol are moderately effective but also cause more side effects. Secondary bacterial infection causing cholangitis is also a concern and can be treated with antibiotics, and toxaemia may be treated with prednisolone.Humans are infected by eating watergrown plants, primarily wild grown watercress in Europe and morning glory in Asia. Infection may also occur by drinking contaminated water with floating young fasciola or when using utensils washed with contaminated water. Cultivated plants do not spread the disease in the same capacity. Human infection is rare even if the infection rate is high among animals. Especially high rates of human infection have been found in Bolivia, Peru and Egypt, and this may be due to consumption of certain foods. No vaccine is available to protect people against Fasciola infection. Preventative measures are primarily treating and immunization the livestock – which are required for the live cycle of the worms. Veterinary vaccines are in development and their use is being considered by a number of countries on account of the risk to human health and economic losses resulting from livestock infection. Other methods include using molluscicides to decrease the amount of snails that act as vectors, but it is not practical. Educational methods to decrease consumption of wild watercress and other waterplants has been shown to work in areas with a high disease burden. In some areas of the world where fascioliasis is found (endemic), special control programs are in place or are planned. The types of control measures depend on the setting (such as epidemiologic, ecologic, and cultural factors). Strict control of the growth and sale of watercress and other edible water plants is important.Individual people can protect themselves by not eating raw watercress and other water plants, especially from endemic grazing areas. Travelers to areas with poor sanitation should avoid food and water that might be contaminated (tainted). Vegetables grown in fields that might have been irrigated with polluted water should be thoroughly cooked, as should viscera from potentially infected animals. Fascioliasis occurs in Europe, Africa, the Americas as well as Oceania. Recently, worldwide losses in animal productivity due to fasciolosis were conservatively estimated at over US$3.2 billion per annum. Fasciolosis is now recognized as an emerging human disease: the World Health Organization (WHO) has estimated that 2.4 million people are infected with Fasciola, and a further 180 million are at risk of infection.