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Prevention and Treatment Ms. Edmonson Objectives • Identify management practices to prevent disease. • Identify various treatment methods. Management Practices • • • • • • Sanitation Housing Handling Manure Controlling pests Isolation Pasture rotation Practical Veterinary Skills All owners of animals should have a few basic veterinary skills. • Vaccinations • Cut repair • Basic surgical skills Vaccinations • Vaccination – injection of a modified disease organism into an animal to prevent disease • Prevention of a disease is nearly always less expensive than treating animals once they have become infected by a disease. Administering Drugs • Several factors to consider when administering drug – – – – – – Amount Type of drug Purpose of drug Administration site Animal to be treated by drug Withdrawal time Administering Drugs • Methods of drug administration – – – – – – Pills Powders Paste Liquids Infusion Dipping Injections • • • • • • Intravenous – in a vein Intramuscular – in the muscle Subcutaneous – under the skin Intradermal – between layers of skin Intraruminal – in the rumen Intraperitoneal – in the abdominal cavity Reading Drug Labels Labels and Tags have lots of critical information on them. • • • • Expiration date Lot number Dosage Special warnings/cautions • Application method • Active ingredient • Trade name Types of drugs • Prescription – Must have a prescription from a veterinarian • Over-the-counter – Can be bought without a prescription • Products intended for human use – May not be safe for animals – May leave residues making meat unsafe Types of Drug Usage • Labeled – Using it exactly as the label says – Legal and should be most common use • Off-label – Using drugs in a way not specified on label without guidance of a veterinarian – Illegal use • Extra-label – Veterinarian has prescribed the use of a drug in a way not specified on the label – Legal Withdrawal Times • Time required after the last drug treatment to lower drug residues to acceptable levels. • These times are established using healthy animals according to label directions. • An amount of time required following use of a medication in an animal before milk or meat can be entered into the human food supply. • Ensures residues are maintained at levels approved by the USDA. Other Practices • • • • Taking temperatures Determining pulse and respiration rates Restraining animals Feed additives Review • Identify management practices to prevent disease. • Identify various treatment methods.
