valproate(3rd-trimester) - Christchurch Drug Information Service
... Haemorrhage: There are rare reports of neonatal bleeding following in utero exposure to sodium valproate[1] . This occurred secondary to depletion of factor I (fibrinogen) which is a clotting factor that is independent of vitamin K. In utero exposure to enzyme-inducing anticonvulsants (ie. carbamaze ...
... Haemorrhage: There are rare reports of neonatal bleeding following in utero exposure to sodium valproate[1] . This occurred secondary to depletion of factor I (fibrinogen) which is a clotting factor that is independent of vitamin K. In utero exposure to enzyme-inducing anticonvulsants (ie. carbamaze ...
Toxicologic Pathology
... differential marker sets, such molecular components or biochemical pathways will be designated putative liver toxicity predictive biomarkers. Any putative liver toxicity predictive biomarker will represent a new hypothesis that will require testing and validation in subsequent experiments that are c ...
... differential marker sets, such molecular components or biochemical pathways will be designated putative liver toxicity predictive biomarkers. Any putative liver toxicity predictive biomarker will represent a new hypothesis that will require testing and validation in subsequent experiments that are c ...
Calcium Channel Blocker Toxicity and Treatment Issues In This Issue
... antagonists affect vascular smooth muscle tone, myocardial contractility, automaticity and atrioventriclular conduction. The dihydropyridine class (nifedipine) is unique in that they have greater selectivity for vascular smooth muscle than the myocardium.2,3 This vascular selectivity results in pote ...
... antagonists affect vascular smooth muscle tone, myocardial contractility, automaticity and atrioventriclular conduction. The dihydropyridine class (nifedipine) is unique in that they have greater selectivity for vascular smooth muscle than the myocardium.2,3 This vascular selectivity results in pote ...
Atropine
... tetrahydrobenzylisoquinolines, more specifically, the two enantiomers of N-methylcoclaurine. (R) and (S)-N-methyl-coclaurine come from a Mannich-like reaction between dopamine and 4-hydroxyphenyl-acetaldehyde, facilitated by norcoclaurine synthase (NCS). Both dopamine and 4-hydroxyphenylacetyladehyd ...
... tetrahydrobenzylisoquinolines, more specifically, the two enantiomers of N-methylcoclaurine. (R) and (S)-N-methyl-coclaurine come from a Mannich-like reaction between dopamine and 4-hydroxyphenyl-acetaldehyde, facilitated by norcoclaurine synthase (NCS). Both dopamine and 4-hydroxyphenylacetyladehyd ...
99% Testosterone Cypionate Bulk injection Steroids Bodybuilding
... the mass gained from this drug is likely to be accompanied by quite a bit of water retention. The resulting loss of definition of course makes cypionate a very poor choice for dieting or cutting phases. The excess level of estrogen brought about by this drug can also cause one to develop gynecomasti ...
... the mass gained from this drug is likely to be accompanied by quite a bit of water retention. The resulting loss of definition of course makes cypionate a very poor choice for dieting or cutting phases. The excess level of estrogen brought about by this drug can also cause one to develop gynecomasti ...
Muscarinic antagonist
... tetrahydrobenzylisoquinolines, more specifically, the two enantiomers of N-methylcoclaurine. (R) and (S)-N-methyl-coclaurine come from a Mannich-like reaction between dopamine and 4-hydroxyphenyl-acetaldehyde, facilitated by norcoclaurine synthase (NCS). Both dopamine and 4-hydroxyphenylacetyladehyd ...
... tetrahydrobenzylisoquinolines, more specifically, the two enantiomers of N-methylcoclaurine. (R) and (S)-N-methyl-coclaurine come from a Mannich-like reaction between dopamine and 4-hydroxyphenyl-acetaldehyde, facilitated by norcoclaurine synthase (NCS). Both dopamine and 4-hydroxyphenylacetyladehyd ...
Determination and validation of an aquatic Maximum
... uncertainty of the risk assessment attributable to interspecies differences in sensitivity. In addition, this approach may reduce the uncertainty resulting from differences in the sensitivity of standard test species and those expected to be exposed in nature by also using non-standard test species ...
... uncertainty of the risk assessment attributable to interspecies differences in sensitivity. In addition, this approach may reduce the uncertainty resulting from differences in the sensitivity of standard test species and those expected to be exposed in nature by also using non-standard test species ...
2.3.14 Trace elements and the liver
... status. TrxR-1 is localized to the cytoplasm where, in addition to ...
... status. TrxR-1 is localized to the cytoplasm where, in addition to ...
Drugs for Parkinsonism
... dopaminergic cells of substantia nigra. • D3 receptors are also important, since one of the newer agents is D3 receptor selective (pramipexole). ...
... dopaminergic cells of substantia nigra. • D3 receptors are also important, since one of the newer agents is D3 receptor selective (pramipexole). ...
Pumpkinseed (Lepomis gibbosus)
... Yes. One likely form of harm could come in the form of ecological damage to other biota through either direct predation, or through cascading indirect effects through different trophic levels. For example, in other countries, including its native range, it has been demonstrated that abundance of L. ...
... Yes. One likely form of harm could come in the form of ecological damage to other biota through either direct predation, or through cascading indirect effects through different trophic levels. For example, in other countries, including its native range, it has been demonstrated that abundance of L. ...
Armour Thyroid (USP) - British Thyroid Foundation
... Part 1. Use of Armour Thyroid A. Armour Thyroid contains both thyroxine (T4) and tri-iodothyronine (T3) extracted from the thyroid gland of pigs. One grain, about 60 mg, of desiccated pig thyroid extract contains about 38mcg of T4 and 9mcg of T3, a ratio of around 4 to 1. The normal concentration of ...
... Part 1. Use of Armour Thyroid A. Armour Thyroid contains both thyroxine (T4) and tri-iodothyronine (T3) extracted from the thyroid gland of pigs. One grain, about 60 mg, of desiccated pig thyroid extract contains about 38mcg of T4 and 9mcg of T3, a ratio of around 4 to 1. The normal concentration of ...
Delta-Opioid Ligands Reverse Alfentanil
... 1992, 1993a, b). The involvement of the kappa receptor in respiratory control seems to be minimal (Pfeiffer et al., 1983; Butelman et al., 1993). The literature summarized above seems to suggest that both mu and delta receptors are involved in the respiratory depressant effect of opioids, but the me ...
... 1992, 1993a, b). The involvement of the kappa receptor in respiratory control seems to be minimal (Pfeiffer et al., 1983; Butelman et al., 1993). The literature summarized above seems to suggest that both mu and delta receptors are involved in the respiratory depressant effect of opioids, but the me ...
Reversible and regionally selective downregulation of brain
... downregulation of CB1 receptors parallel those from a large number of rodents studies15. These studies demonstrated substantial downregulation of CB1 receptors due to loss of CB1 receptor protein after chronic agonist exposure15,20. The regional selectivity of downregulation is strikingly similar be ...
... downregulation of CB1 receptors parallel those from a large number of rodents studies15. These studies demonstrated substantial downregulation of CB1 receptors due to loss of CB1 receptor protein after chronic agonist exposure15,20. The regional selectivity of downregulation is strikingly similar be ...
APPLICATIONS OF METABOLOMICS
... reproduction. A secondary metabolite is not directly involved in those processes, but usually has important ecological function. Examples include antibiotics and pigments12. ...
... reproduction. A secondary metabolite is not directly involved in those processes, but usually has important ecological function. Examples include antibiotics and pigments12. ...
OCIMUM TENUIFLORUM ATORVASTATIN INDUCED HEPATOTOXICITY
... aminotransferases levels. The frequency of persistent transaminases elevation is consistent with all commercialized statins, and is dose dependent [13]. Although the usual doses of lovastatin did not cause significant liver injury, when given in very high doses they caused hepatocellular necrosis in ...
... aminotransferases levels. The frequency of persistent transaminases elevation is consistent with all commercialized statins, and is dose dependent [13]. Although the usual doses of lovastatin did not cause significant liver injury, when given in very high doses they caused hepatocellular necrosis in ...
landscape and edge effects on the distribution of nest
... HSI model basics • Numerical index of habitat suitability on a 0.0 to 1.0 scale • Models can be based on published knowledge, data, expert opinion • Documentation explains the model's structure, data sources, and assumptions • Models should be viewed as hypotheses of species-habitat relationships • ...
... HSI model basics • Numerical index of habitat suitability on a 0.0 to 1.0 scale • Models can be based on published knowledge, data, expert opinion • Documentation explains the model's structure, data sources, and assumptions • Models should be viewed as hypotheses of species-habitat relationships • ...
Postoperative nausea and vomiting
... combination without side effects is a combination of dexamethasone and 5-HT3 receptor antagonist. In particular, dexamethasone is more effective when administered at the beginning of surgery, due to its relatively slow onset. Despite its well-established efficacy, little is known regarding the mecha ...
... combination without side effects is a combination of dexamethasone and 5-HT3 receptor antagonist. In particular, dexamethasone is more effective when administered at the beginning of surgery, due to its relatively slow onset. Despite its well-established efficacy, little is known regarding the mecha ...
Recent advances in ecological stoichiometry: insights for population
... To understand how stoichiometry can constrain population growth, it is necessary to examine the effects of stoichiometry on different demographic rates (survival, growth, development, reproduction and migration) at different life /history stages. An organism’s requirements of different elements may ...
... To understand how stoichiometry can constrain population growth, it is necessary to examine the effects of stoichiometry on different demographic rates (survival, growth, development, reproduction and migration) at different life /history stages. An organism’s requirements of different elements may ...
Recent advances in ecological stoichiometry: insights for population
... To understand how stoichiometry can constrain population growth, it is necessary to examine the effects of stoichiometry on different demographic rates (survival, growth, development, reproduction and migration) at different life /history stages. An organism’s requirements of different elements may ...
... To understand how stoichiometry can constrain population growth, it is necessary to examine the effects of stoichiometry on different demographic rates (survival, growth, development, reproduction and migration) at different life /history stages. An organism’s requirements of different elements may ...
JA Jeevendra Martyn
... The physiology of neuromuscular transmission could be analyzed and understood at the most simple level by using the classic model of nerve signaling to muscle through the acetylcholine receptor. The mammalian neuromuscular junction is the prototypical and most extensively studied synapse. Research h ...
... The physiology of neuromuscular transmission could be analyzed and understood at the most simple level by using the classic model of nerve signaling to muscle through the acetylcholine receptor. The mammalian neuromuscular junction is the prototypical and most extensively studied synapse. Research h ...
Anti-ulcer activity of Ipomoea batatas tubers (sweet potato)
... nonsystemic) and drugs which reduce acid secretion such as H2 anti-histaminics, proton pump inhibitors, anticholinergics, prostaglandin analogues, ulcer protectives, ulcer healing drugs and anti-H. pylori drugs [4]. These drugs have decreased the morbidity rates, but produce many adverse effects inc ...
... nonsystemic) and drugs which reduce acid secretion such as H2 anti-histaminics, proton pump inhibitors, anticholinergics, prostaglandin analogues, ulcer protectives, ulcer healing drugs and anti-H. pylori drugs [4]. These drugs have decreased the morbidity rates, but produce many adverse effects inc ...
Hyperlipidemia - Hana Alharbi
... levels to a degree similar to that produced by gemfibrozil, but they also are more likely to decrease LDL levels by 15% to 20%. (Vakkilainen et al., 2003). Adverse Effects and Drug Interactions Gastrointestinal side effects occur in up to 5% of patients. Other side effects are reported infrequently ...
... levels to a degree similar to that produced by gemfibrozil, but they also are more likely to decrease LDL levels by 15% to 20%. (Vakkilainen et al., 2003). Adverse Effects and Drug Interactions Gastrointestinal side effects occur in up to 5% of patients. Other side effects are reported infrequently ...
OpioidAnalgesics_2
... • Some of these effects, such as sedation, euphoria and decreased respiration, tend to disappear with continued use as tolerance develops. Analgesia, miosis and reduced bowel motility tend to persist; little tolerance develops to these effects. ...
... • Some of these effects, such as sedation, euphoria and decreased respiration, tend to disappear with continued use as tolerance develops. Analgesia, miosis and reduced bowel motility tend to persist; little tolerance develops to these effects. ...
Toxicodynamics
Toxicodynamics, termed pharmacodynamics in pharmacology, describes the dynamic interactions of a toxicant with a biological target and its biological effects. A biological target, also known as the site of action, can be binding proteins, ion channels, DNA, or a variety of other receptors. When a toxicant enters an organism, it can interact with these receptors and produce structural or functional alterations. The mechanism of action of the toxicant, as determined by a toxicant’s chemical properties, will determine what receptors are targeted and the overall toxic effect at the cellular level and organismal level.Toxicants have been grouped together according to their chemical properties by way of quantitative structure-activity relationships (QSARs), which allows prediction of toxic action based on these properties. endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) and carcinogens are examples of classes of toxicants that can act as QSARs. EDCs mimic or block transcriptional activation normally caused by natural steroid hormones. These types of chemicals can act on androgen receptors, estrogen receptors and thyroid hormone receptors. This mechanism can include such toxicants as dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDE) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). Another class of chemicals, carcinogens, are substances that cause cancer and can be classified as genotoxic or nongenotoxic carcinogens. These categories include toxicants such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAHs) and carbon tetrachloride (CCl4). The process of toxicodynamics can be useful for application in environmental risk assessment by implementing toxicokinetic-toxicodynamic (TKTD) models. TKTD models include phenomenas such as time-varying exposure, carry-over toxicity, organism recovery time, effects of mixtures, and extrapolation to untested chemicals and species. Due to their advantages, these types of models may be more applicable for risk assessment than traditional modeling approaches.