OpioidAnalgesics_2
... • Some of these effects, such as sedation, euphoria and decreased respiration, tend to disappear with continued use as tolerance develops. Analgesia, miosis and reduced bowel motility tend to persist; little tolerance develops to these effects. ...
... • Some of these effects, such as sedation, euphoria and decreased respiration, tend to disappear with continued use as tolerance develops. Analgesia, miosis and reduced bowel motility tend to persist; little tolerance develops to these effects. ...
Living in a landscape of fear: the impact of predation, resource
... python, Python sebae. When predator-specific landscapes of fear were combined with data on resource distribution in a spatially explicit model, the ranging behaviour of the study group could be interpreted as an adaptive response to the spatial availability of resources and the perceived risk of pred ...
... python, Python sebae. When predator-specific landscapes of fear were combined with data on resource distribution in a spatially explicit model, the ranging behaviour of the study group could be interpreted as an adaptive response to the spatial availability of resources and the perceived risk of pred ...
Autonomic Pharmacology
... (see G&G, fig. 6-1) quaternary compounds inhibit the enzyme reversibly by either binding with the esteratic site, or with a site spatially removed, termed the peripheral anionic site edrophonium binds reversibly and selectively to the active centre; this reversible binding and its rapid renal elimin ...
... (see G&G, fig. 6-1) quaternary compounds inhibit the enzyme reversibly by either binding with the esteratic site, or with a site spatially removed, termed the peripheral anionic site edrophonium binds reversibly and selectively to the active centre; this reversible binding and its rapid renal elimin ...
Pharmacology
... Renal / DM / HTN / (and probably any form of) proteinuria renoprotective by at least 2 mechanisms reduction of glomerular pressure (by relaxing efferent constriction) blocking action and local formation of TGF-B1 (which causes mesangial proliferation) Other: ACE inhibitors are protective against ...
... Renal / DM / HTN / (and probably any form of) proteinuria renoprotective by at least 2 mechanisms reduction of glomerular pressure (by relaxing efferent constriction) blocking action and local formation of TGF-B1 (which causes mesangial proliferation) Other: ACE inhibitors are protective against ...
Atherosclerosis
... lipolysis in adipose tissue and decreases free fatty acid (FFA) transfer to the liver for synthesis of triglycerides. • Results: 1) decreased production and release of VLDL by liver; 2) decreased serum levels of VLDL as well as LDL and TG; 3) reduced clearance of HDL or increased serum level of HDL; ...
... lipolysis in adipose tissue and decreases free fatty acid (FFA) transfer to the liver for synthesis of triglycerides. • Results: 1) decreased production and release of VLDL by liver; 2) decreased serum levels of VLDL as well as LDL and TG; 3) reduced clearance of HDL or increased serum level of HDL; ...
Histopathological study of the liver of Alloxan
... health problem that challenges not only health care professionals but also the pharmaceutical industry and drug regulatory agencies. Liver cell injury caused by various toxic chemicals (certain anti-biotic, chemotherapeutic agents, carbon tetrachloride (CCL4), thioacetamide (TAA) etc.), excessive al ...
... health problem that challenges not only health care professionals but also the pharmaceutical industry and drug regulatory agencies. Liver cell injury caused by various toxic chemicals (certain anti-biotic, chemotherapeutic agents, carbon tetrachloride (CCL4), thioacetamide (TAA) etc.), excessive al ...
Adverse effects
... • Allergy (in 0.7% to 1.0% patients). Patient should be always asked about a history of previous exposure and adverse effects • Superinfections(e.g.caused by Candida ) • Diarrhoea : especially with ampicillin, less common with amoxycillin ...
... • Allergy (in 0.7% to 1.0% patients). Patient should be always asked about a history of previous exposure and adverse effects • Superinfections(e.g.caused by Candida ) • Diarrhoea : especially with ampicillin, less common with amoxycillin ...
Insert Text 0978-9E-6 Rev 12
... The use of female sex hormones, both estrogens and progestogens, during early pregnancy may seriously damage the offspring. It has been shown that females exposed in utero to diethylstilbestrol, a non-steroidal estrogen, have an increased risk of developing in later life a form of vaginal or cervica ...
... The use of female sex hormones, both estrogens and progestogens, during early pregnancy may seriously damage the offspring. It has been shown that females exposed in utero to diethylstilbestrol, a non-steroidal estrogen, have an increased risk of developing in later life a form of vaginal or cervica ...
Coping with Changing Northern Environments: The Role of the Stress... Birds and Mammals R B
... and homeostatic control (Matthews, 2002). There is also an interplay between changes in the HPA axis and the reproductive axis, which will ultimately translate in to changes in adult fitness. Third, experience may alter the HPA axis response. This axis functions well when the stressor is of short du ...
... and homeostatic control (Matthews, 2002). There is also an interplay between changes in the HPA axis and the reproductive axis, which will ultimately translate in to changes in adult fitness. Third, experience may alter the HPA axis response. This axis functions well when the stressor is of short du ...
NON-CLINICAL SAFETY IN DRUG DEVELOPMENT LA SÉCURITÉ NON-CLINIQUE S
... extrapolation. The exposure is assessed by the mean of plasma (Cmax and AUC) as well as target tissue concentration analysis. The risk is finally characterized by its acceptability, the level of safe exposure, the numerical risk and its effects on quality of life. The acceptability of a risk is very ...
... extrapolation. The exposure is assessed by the mean of plasma (Cmax and AUC) as well as target tissue concentration analysis. The risk is finally characterized by its acceptability, the level of safe exposure, the numerical risk and its effects on quality of life. The acceptability of a risk is very ...
Tutorial - 3: Diuretics
... 22. Diuretic drug/s ________________ can also be used for the treatment of anion overdose, hyperkalemia and hypercalcemia. 23. Compounds ________________ can block Na+ / K+ / 2Cl- cotransporter at site ________ in the _____________________________________________ of the nephron. 24. The diuretics dr ...
... 22. Diuretic drug/s ________________ can also be used for the treatment of anion overdose, hyperkalemia and hypercalcemia. 23. Compounds ________________ can block Na+ / K+ / 2Cl- cotransporter at site ________ in the _____________________________________________ of the nephron. 24. The diuretics dr ...
Interactions Among Organisms In An Aquatic Ecosystem
... There are hundreds of species of fish that can be kept as pets. Goldfish are the most commonly kept fish because they live in cold water. Tropical fish need to be kept in an aquarium with a filter to keep their water clean and some specific tropical fish require heated water and lights (Keeping Fish ...
... There are hundreds of species of fish that can be kept as pets. Goldfish are the most commonly kept fish because they live in cold water. Tropical fish need to be kept in an aquarium with a filter to keep their water clean and some specific tropical fish require heated water and lights (Keeping Fish ...
Anabolic Steroids hardcore info
... steroids, the foetus can be severely affected. A female baby could be born with male characteristics. The extent of the masculine effects on women are dependent very much on the individual, what anabolic steroids are used, how much and for how long. Obviously more of these adverse effects will be se ...
... steroids, the foetus can be severely affected. A female baby could be born with male characteristics. The extent of the masculine effects on women are dependent very much on the individual, what anabolic steroids are used, how much and for how long. Obviously more of these adverse effects will be se ...
Neuroleptics (Anti-psychotic Drugs)
... ☛ Describe the antipsychotic action of neuroleptics. ☛ List the main pharmacokinetic features of neuroleptics ☛ Outline the use of depot preparations of fluphenazine and haloperidol ☛ Describe the main adverse effects of neuroleptics ☛ List the main contraindications of neuroleptics ☛ Outline the ma ...
... ☛ Describe the antipsychotic action of neuroleptics. ☛ List the main pharmacokinetic features of neuroleptics ☛ Outline the use of depot preparations of fluphenazine and haloperidol ☛ Describe the main adverse effects of neuroleptics ☛ List the main contraindications of neuroleptics ☛ Outline the ma ...
Interactions Between Populations
... • Traditional approaches to population interactions have been to consider just the direct pairwise interactions • This is simplistic in that the population either interact, or they do not ...
... • Traditional approaches to population interactions have been to consider just the direct pairwise interactions • This is simplistic in that the population either interact, or they do not ...
Rolling Revision of the WHO Guidelines for Drinking
... styrene, toluene, m-xylene, o-xylene and p-xylene. Of these smaller aromatic compounds, benzene is a known human carcinogen following occupational exposure, although toluene, xylenes and other benzene derivatives are of lower toxicity. >C8–C10, >C10–C12 and >C12–C16 aromatic fraction Within this car ...
... styrene, toluene, m-xylene, o-xylene and p-xylene. Of these smaller aromatic compounds, benzene is a known human carcinogen following occupational exposure, although toluene, xylenes and other benzene derivatives are of lower toxicity. >C8–C10, >C10–C12 and >C12–C16 aromatic fraction Within this car ...
Oxidative DNA base modifications in peripheral
... examine the pharmacokinetics of doxorubicin administered at this dose and schedule, as well as oxidized DNA base levels, 20-mL blood samples were collected in EDTA-coated tubes from a peripheral intravenous line contralateral to the site of treatment immediately prior to the start of the infusion an ...
... examine the pharmacokinetics of doxorubicin administered at this dose and schedule, as well as oxidized DNA base levels, 20-mL blood samples were collected in EDTA-coated tubes from a peripheral intravenous line contralateral to the site of treatment immediately prior to the start of the infusion an ...
Sander vitreus
... Probabilities of each stage of invasion; arrival, survival, establishment, spread; and widespread establishment, were assessed for the main regions of British Columbia. Next, ecological consequences of widespread establishment were predicted and the results are combined in a matrix to determine over ...
... Probabilities of each stage of invasion; arrival, survival, establishment, spread; and widespread establishment, were assessed for the main regions of British Columbia. Next, ecological consequences of widespread establishment were predicted and the results are combined in a matrix to determine over ...
Oxidative DNA base modifications in peripheral
... examine the pharmacokinetics of doxorubicin administered at this dose and schedule, as well as oxidized DNA base levels, 20-mL blood samples were collected in EDTA-coated tubes from a peripheral intravenous line contralateral to the site of treatment immediately prior to the start of the infusion an ...
... examine the pharmacokinetics of doxorubicin administered at this dose and schedule, as well as oxidized DNA base levels, 20-mL blood samples were collected in EDTA-coated tubes from a peripheral intravenous line contralateral to the site of treatment immediately prior to the start of the infusion an ...
The UNSIN Report
... ChillPil will be a safe, highly efficacious drug capable of treating a large population of dangerously aggressive people who possess some form of decreased 5-HT1A activity in the OFC. Its primary active ingredient will be developed from 2-(2H-1,4benzoxazin-3-ylamino)benzonitrile (BZN), which is a po ...
... ChillPil will be a safe, highly efficacious drug capable of treating a large population of dangerously aggressive people who possess some form of decreased 5-HT1A activity in the OFC. Its primary active ingredient will be developed from 2-(2H-1,4benzoxazin-3-ylamino)benzonitrile (BZN), which is a po ...
Comité Européen des Agents de Surface
... 5. Bioaccumulation potential of surfactants The partition coefficient between n-octanol and water (Pow) of a chemical substance was introduced as an indicator of potential bioaccumulation of a compound by aquatic organisms. At present, two methods exist for determining the Pow: the "flask shaking" m ...
... 5. Bioaccumulation potential of surfactants The partition coefficient between n-octanol and water (Pow) of a chemical substance was introduced as an indicator of potential bioaccumulation of a compound by aquatic organisms. At present, two methods exist for determining the Pow: the "flask shaking" m ...
Rapid evolution of mimicry following local model extinction
... the precision of coral snake mimicry has evolved among kingsnakes from a region where coral snakes recently (1960) went locally extinct. We found that these kingsnakes have evolved more precise mimicry; by contrast, no such change occurred in a sympatric non-mimetic species or in conspecifics from a ...
... the precision of coral snake mimicry has evolved among kingsnakes from a region where coral snakes recently (1960) went locally extinct. We found that these kingsnakes have evolved more precise mimicry; by contrast, no such change occurred in a sympatric non-mimetic species or in conspecifics from a ...
4 FISHERIES MANAGEMENT 2. The ecosystem approach to fisheries FAO
... ecosystem, fisheries managers and policy makers now also need scientific information that allows them to consider the impacts of the fishery on other ecosystem components and to take into account changes in the ecosystem other than those caused by fishing, whether natural or anthropogenic in origin, ...
... ecosystem, fisheries managers and policy makers now also need scientific information that allows them to consider the impacts of the fishery on other ecosystem components and to take into account changes in the ecosystem other than those caused by fishing, whether natural or anthropogenic in origin, ...
Phenolphthalein Report on Carcinogens, Thirteenth Edition CAS No. 77-09-8
... In vivo, reduction of phenoxyl radicals could allow re-formation of phenolphthalein, establishing a futile cycle of oxidation and reduction, thereby generating more free-radical species. Thus, phenolphthalein may be a significant source of oxidative stress in physiological systems (Sipe et al. 1997 ...
... In vivo, reduction of phenoxyl radicals could allow re-formation of phenolphthalein, establishing a futile cycle of oxidation and reduction, thereby generating more free-radical species. Thus, phenolphthalein may be a significant source of oxidative stress in physiological systems (Sipe et al. 1997 ...
Toxicodynamics
Toxicodynamics, termed pharmacodynamics in pharmacology, describes the dynamic interactions of a toxicant with a biological target and its biological effects. A biological target, also known as the site of action, can be binding proteins, ion channels, DNA, or a variety of other receptors. When a toxicant enters an organism, it can interact with these receptors and produce structural or functional alterations. The mechanism of action of the toxicant, as determined by a toxicant’s chemical properties, will determine what receptors are targeted and the overall toxic effect at the cellular level and organismal level.Toxicants have been grouped together according to their chemical properties by way of quantitative structure-activity relationships (QSARs), which allows prediction of toxic action based on these properties. endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) and carcinogens are examples of classes of toxicants that can act as QSARs. EDCs mimic or block transcriptional activation normally caused by natural steroid hormones. These types of chemicals can act on androgen receptors, estrogen receptors and thyroid hormone receptors. This mechanism can include such toxicants as dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDE) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). Another class of chemicals, carcinogens, are substances that cause cancer and can be classified as genotoxic or nongenotoxic carcinogens. These categories include toxicants such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAHs) and carbon tetrachloride (CCl4). The process of toxicodynamics can be useful for application in environmental risk assessment by implementing toxicokinetic-toxicodynamic (TKTD) models. TKTD models include phenomenas such as time-varying exposure, carry-over toxicity, organism recovery time, effects of mixtures, and extrapolation to untested chemicals and species. Due to their advantages, these types of models may be more applicable for risk assessment than traditional modeling approaches.