Deadly pediatric poisons: nine common agents that kill at low doses
... any other age group [1]. According to data compiled by the American Association of Poison Control Centers (AAPCC), more than 1.3 million exposures involving children age 12 and younger were reported to poison control centers in 2001 [2]. Of these, more than 1 million (79%) involved children 3 years ...
... any other age group [1]. According to data compiled by the American Association of Poison Control Centers (AAPCC), more than 1.3 million exposures involving children age 12 and younger were reported to poison control centers in 2001 [2]. Of these, more than 1 million (79%) involved children 3 years ...
Direct and Indirect Ecosystem Effects of Evolutionary
... or more links (second- or higher-order effects), they are often not quantifiable through simple observational studies. When there are two or more possible indirect pathways between two ecosystem components, experimental studies that document indirect effects measure the total effect of all possible ...
... or more links (second- or higher-order effects), they are often not quantifiable through simple observational studies. When there are two or more possible indirect pathways between two ecosystem components, experimental studies that document indirect effects measure the total effect of all possible ...
Definition of Hazardous Drugs
... be hazardous by the five previous criteria. This additional criterion to the definition of HDs was first published by NIOSH in 2004 and serves as a reminder that new drugs should be critically evaluated using existing information and extrapolating data from similar agents. ASHP (2006) recommends tha ...
... be hazardous by the five previous criteria. This additional criterion to the definition of HDs was first published by NIOSH in 2004 and serves as a reminder that new drugs should be critically evaluated using existing information and extrapolating data from similar agents. ASHP (2006) recommends tha ...
Effects of Antipsychotic Drugs on Extracellular Dopamine Levels in
... Basal Extracellular DA Levels in the mPFC and the NAC. Basal extracellular DA levels (mean 6 S.E.M. fmol/10 ml/30 min, not corrected by % recovery) in the dialysates obtained from all rats used in this study were 1.72 6 0.09 (n 5 71) for the mPFC and 11.04 6 0.46 (n 5 77) for the NAC, respectively. ...
... Basal Extracellular DA Levels in the mPFC and the NAC. Basal extracellular DA levels (mean 6 S.E.M. fmol/10 ml/30 min, not corrected by % recovery) in the dialysates obtained from all rats used in this study were 1.72 6 0.09 (n 5 71) for the mPFC and 11.04 6 0.46 (n 5 77) for the NAC, respectively. ...
Movements and space use of giant trevally in environmental drivers
... Results: Caranx ignobilis typically remained at their capture reef with 98.8% of detections recorded at these locations. Individuals were recorded in the study site for periods from 9 to 335 days (mean = 125.9) with a mean residency index of 0.53, indicating movements away from the reef or out of de ...
... Results: Caranx ignobilis typically remained at their capture reef with 98.8% of detections recorded at these locations. Individuals were recorded in the study site for periods from 9 to 335 days (mean = 125.9) with a mean residency index of 0.53, indicating movements away from the reef or out of de ...
different models used to induce diabetes: a comprehensive review
... Zinc-chelating agent such as dithizone is causes diabetes in laboratory animals. Dithizone has abilities to permeate membranes and to complex zinc inside liposomes with the release of protons, that can enhance diabetogenicity. When such complexing agents are added to lipid vesicles at pH 6 containin ...
... Zinc-chelating agent such as dithizone is causes diabetes in laboratory animals. Dithizone has abilities to permeate membranes and to complex zinc inside liposomes with the release of protons, that can enhance diabetogenicity. When such complexing agents are added to lipid vesicles at pH 6 containin ...
Antineoplastic Action of Growth Hormone
... cates that GHRH may play a role in neuromodulation, such as promoting sleep and food intake [16]. Expression of GHRH has been found in various normal extra-pituitary tissues: ovary, placenta, testis, pancreas, gastrointestinal tract, prostate and immune cells [8, 13, 17]. Since GHRH is secreted only ...
... cates that GHRH may play a role in neuromodulation, such as promoting sleep and food intake [16]. Expression of GHRH has been found in various normal extra-pituitary tissues: ovary, placenta, testis, pancreas, gastrointestinal tract, prostate and immune cells [8, 13, 17]. Since GHRH is secreted only ...
Local anesthetics Part I
... Figure 1. Typical local anesthetic. A: Ester type B: Amide type Reprinted from Handbook of local anesthesia, 4th ed. SF Malamed, 1997 with permission from Elsevier Science (4). ...
... Figure 1. Typical local anesthetic. A: Ester type B: Amide type Reprinted from Handbook of local anesthesia, 4th ed. SF Malamed, 1997 with permission from Elsevier Science (4). ...
PDF - Romanian Journal of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care
... pain conditions as demonstrated in animal [9, 10] and human studies [11-14]. By adding the noradrenergic mechanism of action it was intended not only to increase the analgesic effect of tapentadol but also to produce an opioid-sparing effect and to reduce the risk of opioid induced side effects [6]. ...
... pain conditions as demonstrated in animal [9, 10] and human studies [11-14]. By adding the noradrenergic mechanism of action it was intended not only to increase the analgesic effect of tapentadol but also to produce an opioid-sparing effect and to reduce the risk of opioid induced side effects [6]. ...
Lecture notes on Toxicology
... exposed to human beings and environment as a whole. B. Mechanistic toxicology Mechanistic toxicology deals with the mechanism of toxic effects of chemicals on living organisms. This is important for rational treatment of the manifestations of toxicity (e.g. organophosphate poisoning reversed by oxim ...
... exposed to human beings and environment as a whole. B. Mechanistic toxicology Mechanistic toxicology deals with the mechanism of toxic effects of chemicals on living organisms. This is important for rational treatment of the manifestations of toxicity (e.g. organophosphate poisoning reversed by oxim ...
Metronidazole
... They are diploid, a single mutation does not render them resistant. They lack alternative metabolic pathways to PFOR. P-glycoprotein pumps hydrophobic drugs from their cells, but metronidazole is hydrophilic. Pharmacokinetics Metronidazole enters cells by passive diffusion. It is well absorbed after ...
... They are diploid, a single mutation does not render them resistant. They lack alternative metabolic pathways to PFOR. P-glycoprotein pumps hydrophobic drugs from their cells, but metronidazole is hydrophilic. Pharmacokinetics Metronidazole enters cells by passive diffusion. It is well absorbed after ...
STUDIES ON THE PHYSICO-PHYTOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES AND HEPATOPROTECTIVE EFFECT SOLANUM TORVUM
... during liver damage. GOT is a liver specific enzyme32 whose elevation suggests liver damage. Lactate dehydrogenate (LDH) activity may be elevated in all cases of liver diseases but not as high as to the elevation of SGOT and SGPT levels. But in the present studies LDH elevation is more than SGPT and ...
... during liver damage. GOT is a liver specific enzyme32 whose elevation suggests liver damage. Lactate dehydrogenate (LDH) activity may be elevated in all cases of liver diseases but not as high as to the elevation of SGOT and SGPT levels. But in the present studies LDH elevation is more than SGPT and ...
A Multifaceted GABAA Receptor Modulator
... (Barcelo, 1961; Ionescu-Pioggia et al., 1988). Furthermore, unlike most sedatives, methaqualone is also quite efficacious as an antispasmodic (Gass, 2008). Finally, the euphoria and aphrodisiac properties constituting some of the major psychologic effects evoked by methaqualone in its recreational u ...
... (Barcelo, 1961; Ionescu-Pioggia et al., 1988). Furthermore, unlike most sedatives, methaqualone is also quite efficacious as an antispasmodic (Gass, 2008). Finally, the euphoria and aphrodisiac properties constituting some of the major psychologic effects evoked by methaqualone in its recreational u ...
Thesis for Word XP
... compulsive intake. It is a chronic relapsing disorder often associated with tolerance and withdrawal. Diagnostic criteria for substance dependence are also given in the International Classification of Diseases and Health Problems (ICD-10) from the World Health Organization (WHO 1992), that are essen ...
... compulsive intake. It is a chronic relapsing disorder often associated with tolerance and withdrawal. Diagnostic criteria for substance dependence are also given in the International Classification of Diseases and Health Problems (ICD-10) from the World Health Organization (WHO 1992), that are essen ...
Drugs and Thyroid - Journal of the Association of Physicians of India
... secretion of thyroid hormone, may change the serum concentrations of thyroid hormones by acting at the level of binding proteins or by competing for their hormone binding sites, may modify cellular uptake and metabolism of thyroid hormone or may interfere with hormone action at the target tissue. ...
... secretion of thyroid hormone, may change the serum concentrations of thyroid hormones by acting at the level of binding proteins or by competing for their hormone binding sites, may modify cellular uptake and metabolism of thyroid hormone or may interfere with hormone action at the target tissue. ...
Document
... • Individuals who are successfully detoxified with a single dose of ibogaine do not go back into withdrawal. • Doses of ibogaine, given to non-dependent individuals, which may be higher than those used to treat opioid withdrawal, do not produce opioid overdose. (In this regard, consider that LD50 of ...
... • Individuals who are successfully detoxified with a single dose of ibogaine do not go back into withdrawal. • Doses of ibogaine, given to non-dependent individuals, which may be higher than those used to treat opioid withdrawal, do not produce opioid overdose. (In this regard, consider that LD50 of ...
Psychiatric Perspective Treating Steroid
... Receptor binding in the nucleus increases RNA production which, in turn, increases protein synthesis. Because no anabolic steroid is free from androgenic effects, the unavoidable consequence of high-dose steroid use is virilization. Anabolic and androgenic activities are not caused by different stru ...
... Receptor binding in the nucleus increases RNA production which, in turn, increases protein synthesis. Because no anabolic steroid is free from androgenic effects, the unavoidable consequence of high-dose steroid use is virilization. Anabolic and androgenic activities are not caused by different stru ...
Module 1
... • Most people have no symptoms when they are first infected with hepatitis C • If there are symptoms, they usually develop within one to three months of infection and can include: – a mild flu-like illness – a yellowing of the skin and eyes (jaundice) – abdominal pain – loss of appetite – nausea – v ...
... • Most people have no symptoms when they are first infected with hepatitis C • If there are symptoms, they usually develop within one to three months of infection and can include: – a mild flu-like illness – a yellowing of the skin and eyes (jaundice) – abdominal pain – loss of appetite – nausea – v ...
Antipsychotic drugs reverse the AMPA receptor-stimulated release
... Surgery and microdialysis experiments An updated description of the microdialysis procedures used can be found in Adell and Artigas (1998) and Puig et al. (2003). Briefly, anesthetized rats (sodium pentobarbital, 60 mg/kg i.p.) were stereotaxically implanted with concentric microdialysis probes equi ...
... Surgery and microdialysis experiments An updated description of the microdialysis procedures used can be found in Adell and Artigas (1998) and Puig et al. (2003). Briefly, anesthetized rats (sodium pentobarbital, 60 mg/kg i.p.) were stereotaxically implanted with concentric microdialysis probes equi ...
Stahl_3rd_ch04_Part2..
... neurotransmission is that the full array of downstream signal transduction is triggered by a full agonist (Figure 4-23). Thus, downstream proteins are maximally phosphorylated and genes are maximally affected. Loss of the agonist actions of a neurotransmitter at G protein-linked receptors, due to de ...
... neurotransmission is that the full array of downstream signal transduction is triggered by a full agonist (Figure 4-23). Thus, downstream proteins are maximally phosphorylated and genes are maximally affected. Loss of the agonist actions of a neurotransmitter at G protein-linked receptors, due to de ...
Treatment of opioid-induced gut dysfunction
... animals; however, analysis of the cellular mechanisms of opiate action has shown that opioid receptor agonists can interrupt both excitatory and inhibitory neural inputs to the GI muscle in both human and animal models [21]. Inhibition of excitatory neural inputs is associated with inhibition of the ...
... animals; however, analysis of the cellular mechanisms of opiate action has shown that opioid receptor agonists can interrupt both excitatory and inhibitory neural inputs to the GI muscle in both human and animal models [21]. Inhibition of excitatory neural inputs is associated with inhibition of the ...
Opioids - Waterloo Region Integrated Drugs Strategy
... Fentanyl is a potent opioid, used in anesthesia, for pain, chronic pain, pain in end of life care Typically administered as a patch placed on the skin Fentanyl is produced by pharmaceutical manufacturers Small chemical changes to fentanyl can result in drugs with very similar actions These “bootleg” ...
... Fentanyl is a potent opioid, used in anesthesia, for pain, chronic pain, pain in end of life care Typically administered as a patch placed on the skin Fentanyl is produced by pharmaceutical manufacturers Small chemical changes to fentanyl can result in drugs with very similar actions These “bootleg” ...
Top 300 Drug List
... Pregnancy category D (Cat C during first trimester). Drugs that act on the ReninAngiotensin system may result in injury and death to the developing fetus. D/C as soon as possible once pregnancy is detected or in a female who desires conception. May cause a dry cough, first-dose hypotension (especial ...
... Pregnancy category D (Cat C during first trimester). Drugs that act on the ReninAngiotensin system may result in injury and death to the developing fetus. D/C as soon as possible once pregnancy is detected or in a female who desires conception. May cause a dry cough, first-dose hypotension (especial ...
The role of metabolic inhibition
... nicotine, aminoglycosides, ethylene oxide, CO) are directly toxic while many chemicals exert ...
... nicotine, aminoglycosides, ethylene oxide, CO) are directly toxic while many chemicals exert ...
Toxicodynamics
Toxicodynamics, termed pharmacodynamics in pharmacology, describes the dynamic interactions of a toxicant with a biological target and its biological effects. A biological target, also known as the site of action, can be binding proteins, ion channels, DNA, or a variety of other receptors. When a toxicant enters an organism, it can interact with these receptors and produce structural or functional alterations. The mechanism of action of the toxicant, as determined by a toxicant’s chemical properties, will determine what receptors are targeted and the overall toxic effect at the cellular level and organismal level.Toxicants have been grouped together according to their chemical properties by way of quantitative structure-activity relationships (QSARs), which allows prediction of toxic action based on these properties. endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) and carcinogens are examples of classes of toxicants that can act as QSARs. EDCs mimic or block transcriptional activation normally caused by natural steroid hormones. These types of chemicals can act on androgen receptors, estrogen receptors and thyroid hormone receptors. This mechanism can include such toxicants as dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDE) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). Another class of chemicals, carcinogens, are substances that cause cancer and can be classified as genotoxic or nongenotoxic carcinogens. These categories include toxicants such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAHs) and carbon tetrachloride (CCl4). The process of toxicodynamics can be useful for application in environmental risk assessment by implementing toxicokinetic-toxicodynamic (TKTD) models. TKTD models include phenomenas such as time-varying exposure, carry-over toxicity, organism recovery time, effects of mixtures, and extrapolation to untested chemicals and species. Due to their advantages, these types of models may be more applicable for risk assessment than traditional modeling approaches.