Polio
... can be done by using extremely high temperatures, alkaline pHs, and certain chemical compounds Salk used Formalin, a derivative of formaldehyde to deactivate the virus while leaving its basic structure intact. ...
... can be done by using extremely high temperatures, alkaline pHs, and certain chemical compounds Salk used Formalin, a derivative of formaldehyde to deactivate the virus while leaving its basic structure intact. ...
Cold Sores Policy - Holistic Dental Centre
... prominent place on the lips then we can see you for treatment. Triggers It is important in managing this condition to identify what triggers an outbreak of cold sores. Most cold sore sufferers can identify everyday events that cause the reactivation of the virus and lead to the development of a cold ...
... prominent place on the lips then we can see you for treatment. Triggers It is important in managing this condition to identify what triggers an outbreak of cold sores. Most cold sore sufferers can identify everyday events that cause the reactivation of the virus and lead to the development of a cold ...
Pathogenesis of simian immunodeficiency virus infection
... (Desrosiers, 1990 ; Lackner et al., 1991). However, no correlation between the severity of clinical disease manifestations, such as motor and cognitive impairments, and the degree or location of neuropathological changes has been detected (Murray et al., 1992). This has made further understanding of ...
... (Desrosiers, 1990 ; Lackner et al., 1991). However, no correlation between the severity of clinical disease manifestations, such as motor and cognitive impairments, and the degree or location of neuropathological changes has been detected (Murray et al., 1992). This has made further understanding of ...
Non-hepatotropic Viruses
... tamarins, marmosets and squirrel monkeys are susceptible to HAV. HAV-induced disease in non-human primates resembles human disease, but is usually milder, or subclinical, followed by complete recovery. Simian HAV strains, closely related antigenically to human HAV strains despite major divergenc ...
... tamarins, marmosets and squirrel monkeys are susceptible to HAV. HAV-induced disease in non-human primates resembles human disease, but is usually milder, or subclinical, followed by complete recovery. Simian HAV strains, closely related antigenically to human HAV strains despite major divergenc ...
Behaviour and recovery of human adenovirus from tropical
... Aliquots of supernatant from original soil samples were treated with 2% PSA and diluted in 1× MEM, at a range of ratios (1:2 to 1:7). A 100-μL inoculum of each dilution was then placed in contact with the seeded cells for 1 h at 37 °C in a 5% CO2 atmosphere under gentle agitation every 15 min, in tr ...
... Aliquots of supernatant from original soil samples were treated with 2% PSA and diluted in 1× MEM, at a range of ratios (1:2 to 1:7). A 100-μL inoculum of each dilution was then placed in contact with the seeded cells for 1 h at 37 °C in a 5% CO2 atmosphere under gentle agitation every 15 min, in tr ...
Lecture 17 Viruses – Bacteriophages – life cycle Learning objectives
... and ones with distinctive heads and tail components. The smallest viruses are around 20 nm in diameter and the largest around 250 nm. Viruses are unique from all other life forms in that they can contain only one form of nucleic acid. Some viruses use RNA as their genetic material and other use DNA, ...
... and ones with distinctive heads and tail components. The smallest viruses are around 20 nm in diameter and the largest around 250 nm. Viruses are unique from all other life forms in that they can contain only one form of nucleic acid. Some viruses use RNA as their genetic material and other use DNA, ...
Critical Review of Norovirus Surrogates in Food Safety Research
... new food processing procedures. If information were available on how much money was spent on surrogate studies and one were to conduct a cost–benefit analysis on the FCV or MNV studies performed to date, results would be startling, since there has been much money spent, but with little change in the ...
... new food processing procedures. If information were available on how much money was spent on surrogate studies and one were to conduct a cost–benefit analysis on the FCV or MNV studies performed to date, results would be startling, since there has been much money spent, but with little change in the ...
Hepatitis - Canadian Association of University Teachers
... • Saliva of people with hepatitis B can contain the virus, in very low concentrations Injections of infected saliva can transmit the virus. There are no reports of people getting hepatitis B from mouth contact with infected CPR manikins or mouthpieces of musical instruments. • semen, vaginal secreti ...
... • Saliva of people with hepatitis B can contain the virus, in very low concentrations Injections of infected saliva can transmit the virus. There are no reports of people getting hepatitis B from mouth contact with infected CPR manikins or mouthpieces of musical instruments. • semen, vaginal secreti ...
Enteric hepatitis viruses - World Health Organization
... percentage of cases do enteroviruses proceed to infect the central nervous system, and HAV to infect the liver. HAV replication in the liver causes damage to liver cells, which is known as hepatitis. In immune individuals, however, circulating antibodies prevent HAV from infecting the liver. Like ma ...
... percentage of cases do enteroviruses proceed to infect the central nervous system, and HAV to infect the liver. HAV replication in the liver causes damage to liver cells, which is known as hepatitis. In immune individuals, however, circulating antibodies prevent HAV from infecting the liver. Like ma ...
Avian reovirus infections
... can be found in Kaleta and Heffels-Redmann ( 3 9 ) . Avian reoviruses belong to the genus Orthoreovirus, in the family Reoviridae. Virus particles measure 7 0 n m to 8 0 nm, are non-enveloped and have icosahedral symmetry with a double-shelled arrangement of surface protein. The virus contains doubl ...
... can be found in Kaleta and Heffels-Redmann ( 3 9 ) . Avian reoviruses belong to the genus Orthoreovirus, in the family Reoviridae. Virus particles measure 7 0 n m to 8 0 nm, are non-enveloped and have icosahedral symmetry with a double-shelled arrangement of surface protein. The virus contains doubl ...
Polio: the viru s and the vaccine
... (WHO) still credits Landsteiner and Popper as having found the poliovirus with this experiment. Why it does so is inexplicable. The fluid they injected must have contained much human cellular debris, any toxins involved in the child’s illness, and probably several kinds of viruses. So, it was no won ...
... (WHO) still credits Landsteiner and Popper as having found the poliovirus with this experiment. Why it does so is inexplicable. The fluid they injected must have contained much human cellular debris, any toxins involved in the child’s illness, and probably several kinds of viruses. So, it was no won ...
PHS 398 (Rev. 11/07), Biographical Sketch Format Page
... 27. Ning, S, Huye, L. Pagano, J.S. Regulation of the transcriptional activity of the IRF7 promoter by a pathway independent of interferon signaling. J Biol Chem, 280:12262-70. 2005. 28. Yue, W. Gershburg, E. Pagano, J.S. Epstein-Barr Virus protein kinase phosphorylates EBNA2 and suppresses EBNA2 tra ...
... 27. Ning, S, Huye, L. Pagano, J.S. Regulation of the transcriptional activity of the IRF7 promoter by a pathway independent of interferon signaling. J Biol Chem, 280:12262-70. 2005. 28. Yue, W. Gershburg, E. Pagano, J.S. Epstein-Barr Virus protein kinase phosphorylates EBNA2 and suppresses EBNA2 tra ...
HEV infection in swine from Eastern Brazilian Amazon
... The presence of anti-HEV IgM and IgG were analyzed in all serum samples using the commercial indirect ELISA kit RecomWell HEV IgM and IgG (Mikrogen, Neuried, Germany) according to the manufacturer’s instructions. Briefly, 10 L serum samples were diluted in 1 mL buffer solution and 100 L of this dil ...
... The presence of anti-HEV IgM and IgG were analyzed in all serum samples using the commercial indirect ELISA kit RecomWell HEV IgM and IgG (Mikrogen, Neuried, Germany) according to the manufacturer’s instructions. Briefly, 10 L serum samples were diluted in 1 mL buffer solution and 100 L of this dil ...
Feline Infectious Peritonitis (FIP)
... and thus have an effusion of fluid in the belly; in fact, 50% of all belly fluid effusions in cats are caused by FIP. Tests can involve blood or a fluid sample from the chest or belly but it is important to realize that test results are just part of the total picture. There is no definitive test for ...
... and thus have an effusion of fluid in the belly; in fact, 50% of all belly fluid effusions in cats are caused by FIP. Tests can involve blood or a fluid sample from the chest or belly but it is important to realize that test results are just part of the total picture. There is no definitive test for ...
705_2013_1926_MOESM1_ESM - Springer Static Content Server
... the name okra leaf curl Oman alphasatellite (OLCOMA) is proposed. A phylogenetic analysis based upon an alignment of the complete nucleotide sequences of selected alphasatellites with the sequences of OKB-2 is shown in Fig. 1C. This shows the sequence of OKB-2 to fall basal to the GDarSLA sequences ...
... the name okra leaf curl Oman alphasatellite (OLCOMA) is proposed. A phylogenetic analysis based upon an alignment of the complete nucleotide sequences of selected alphasatellites with the sequences of OKB-2 is shown in Fig. 1C. This shows the sequence of OKB-2 to fall basal to the GDarSLA sequences ...
PUBVET, Publicações em Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia
... Therefore, EIAV has been used as a model to study HIV-1 persistence, pathogenesis, and immune responses. During the last two decades, the profusion of HIV research due to the urge to identify new therapeutic targets has led to a wealth of information on the retroviral replication cycle. However, whi ...
... Therefore, EIAV has been used as a model to study HIV-1 persistence, pathogenesis, and immune responses. During the last two decades, the profusion of HIV research due to the urge to identify new therapeutic targets has led to a wealth of information on the retroviral replication cycle. However, whi ...
Infection by chikungunya virus modulates the expression of several
... at 5 DPI 19 proteins. The amount of 109 putatively secreted proteins was regulated at both time points. These proteins were implicated in blood-feeding or in immunity, but many have no known function. CHIKV also modulated the quantity of proteins involved in several metabolic pathways and in cell si ...
... at 5 DPI 19 proteins. The amount of 109 putatively secreted proteins was regulated at both time points. These proteins were implicated in blood-feeding or in immunity, but many have no known function. CHIKV also modulated the quantity of proteins involved in several metabolic pathways and in cell si ...
Understanding Microbes in Sickness and in Health
... with a cell it likes, it may attach to special landing sites on the surface of that cell. From there, the virus may inject molecules into the cell, or the cell may swallow the virion. Once inside the cell, viral molecules such as DNA or RNA direct the cell to make new virus offspring. That’s how a v ...
... with a cell it likes, it may attach to special landing sites on the surface of that cell. From there, the virus may inject molecules into the cell, or the cell may swallow the virion. Once inside the cell, viral molecules such as DNA or RNA direct the cell to make new virus offspring. That’s how a v ...
A new nodavirus is associated with covert mortality disease of shrimp
... Huang, 2012). The farmers noted that dead shrimp could be found in the diseased population every day and mortality increased during 60–80 days post-stocking with a cumulative mortality up to 80 %. Early mortality syndrome (EMS)/ The GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ accession number for the RNA-dependent RNA polyme ...
... Huang, 2012). The farmers noted that dead shrimp could be found in the diseased population every day and mortality increased during 60–80 days post-stocking with a cumulative mortality up to 80 %. Early mortality syndrome (EMS)/ The GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ accession number for the RNA-dependent RNA polyme ...
Herpes simplex virus-1 and varicella
... of a typical HSV cytopathic effect in indicator cells mixed with small pieces of finely minced ganglia and incubated at 37◦ C for 7 to 10 days. Typically, infectious virus can be recovered from 90% to 100% of ganglia (Stevens and Cook, 1971). Analysis of latently infected mouse ganglia has revealed ...
... of a typical HSV cytopathic effect in indicator cells mixed with small pieces of finely minced ganglia and incubated at 37◦ C for 7 to 10 days. Typically, infectious virus can be recovered from 90% to 100% of ganglia (Stevens and Cook, 1971). Analysis of latently infected mouse ganglia has revealed ...
Acute Encephalitis
... Atlantic and gulf coasts and is dependent on a natural cycle between marsh birds and mosquitoes that do not bite large mammals. Only when there are ecological changes in the marsh as well as changes in bird and mosquito populations does the virus spill over into other mosquito species that do bite a ...
... Atlantic and gulf coasts and is dependent on a natural cycle between marsh birds and mosquitoes that do not bite large mammals. Only when there are ecological changes in the marsh as well as changes in bird and mosquito populations does the virus spill over into other mosquito species that do bite a ...
... Atlantic and gulf coasts and is dependent on a natural cycle between marsh birds and mosquitoes that do not bite large mammals. Only when there are ecological changes in the marsh as well as changes in bird and mosquito populations does the virus spill over into other mosquito species that do bite a ...
INFECTION WITH INFECTIOUS SALMON ANAEMIA VIRUS
... sequences (Kulshreshtha et al., 2010). Four major structural proteins have been identified, including a 68 kDa nucleoprotein, a 22 kDa matrix protein, a 42 kDa haemagglutinin-esterase (HE) protein responsible for receptor-binding and receptor-destroying activity, and a 50 kDa surface glycoprotein wi ...
... sequences (Kulshreshtha et al., 2010). Four major structural proteins have been identified, including a 68 kDa nucleoprotein, a 22 kDa matrix protein, a 42 kDa haemagglutinin-esterase (HE) protein responsible for receptor-binding and receptor-destroying activity, and a 50 kDa surface glycoprotein wi ...
Borna disease virus and its host
... In the 18th century, a neurological disease in horses, at that time called “Kopfkrankheit der Pferde” (head disease of horses), was described in a German textbook [80]. This disease had been known for a long time in Germany, especially in the southern and southeastern parts, where it occasionally oc ...
... In the 18th century, a neurological disease in horses, at that time called “Kopfkrankheit der Pferde” (head disease of horses), was described in a German textbook [80]. This disease had been known for a long time in Germany, especially in the southern and southeastern parts, where it occasionally oc ...
Influenza A virus
Influenza A virus causes influenza in birds and some mammals, and is the only species of influenza virus A. Influenza virus A is a genus of the Orthomyxoviridae family of viruses. Strains of all subtypes of influenza A virus have been isolated from wild birds, although disease is uncommon. Some isolates of influenza A virus cause severe disease both in domestic poultry and, rarely, in humans. Occasionally, viruses are transmitted from wild aquatic birds to domestic poultry, and this may cause an outbreak or give rise to human influenza pandemics.Influenza A viruses are negative-sense, single-stranded, segmented RNA viruses.The several subtypes are labeled according to an H number (for the type of hemagglutinin) and an N number (for the type of neuraminidase). There are 18 different known H antigens (H1 to H18) and 11 different known N antigens (N1 to N11). H17 was isolated from fruit bats in 2012. H18N11 was discovered in a Peruvian bat in 2013.Each virus subtype has mutated into a variety of strains with differing pathogenic profiles; some are pathogenic to one species but not others, some are pathogenic to multiple species.A filtered and purified influenza A vaccine for humans has been developed, and many countries have stockpiled it to allow a quick administration to the population in the event of an avian influenza pandemic. Avian influenza is sometimes called avian flu, and colloquially, bird flu. In 2011, researchers reported the discovery of an antibody effective against all types of the influenza A virus.