Human immunodeficiency virus types 1 and 2 have different
... Alternatively, MDMs might fail to produce infectious virions of HIV-2. To examine these possibilities, we harvested virus (HIV-2, ALI) produced from either MDMs or PBMCs and compared RT activity and titre (f.f.u. ml21). If MDMs were inefficient at events after reverse transcription (including assemb ...
... Alternatively, MDMs might fail to produce infectious virions of HIV-2. To examine these possibilities, we harvested virus (HIV-2, ALI) produced from either MDMs or PBMCs and compared RT activity and titre (f.f.u. ml21). If MDMs were inefficient at events after reverse transcription (including assemb ...
prevalence of antibody against infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus
... infected previously with IBR virus (LUDWIG and GREGERSEN, 1986) . The prevalence of reactors in NTT and NTB were 12.6% and 4.3% respectively. KAHRS (1977) stated that cattle with antibody prevalence between 10% to 96% are potential sources of IBR infection . Sentinel cattle in NTT could therefore be ...
... infected previously with IBR virus (LUDWIG and GREGERSEN, 1986) . The prevalence of reactors in NTT and NTB were 12.6% and 4.3% respectively. KAHRS (1977) stated that cattle with antibody prevalence between 10% to 96% are potential sources of IBR infection . Sentinel cattle in NTT could therefore be ...
6 Infectious Bursal Disease
... (68, 130, 177). The function of VP5 is not clearly established, but it was suggested that it might have a regulatory function playing a role in virus release and dissemination (127). The small segment of the IBDV genome (B) codes for VP1, whereas the large segment (A) encodes the rest of the viral p ...
... (68, 130, 177). The function of VP5 is not clearly established, but it was suggested that it might have a regulatory function playing a role in virus release and dissemination (127). The small segment of the IBDV genome (B) codes for VP1, whereas the large segment (A) encodes the rest of the viral p ...
Feline Immunodeficiency
... laboratory (House & Jarret, 1990; Hartmann et al., 2007; Hosie et al., 2009). There is also a technique of lymphocytes, for the visualization of CD4+/CD8+, however, due to the complexity of these tests are not used routinely. The cats positive for FIV should not be euthanized based only on a positiv ...
... laboratory (House & Jarret, 1990; Hartmann et al., 2007; Hosie et al., 2009). There is also a technique of lymphocytes, for the visualization of CD4+/CD8+, however, due to the complexity of these tests are not used routinely. The cats positive for FIV should not be euthanized based only on a positiv ...
Apoptosis, autophagy and unfolded proteinresponse pathways in Arbovirus replicationand pathogenesis
... the Western Pacific (Ref. 41). Severe DEN, previously known as Dengue haemorrhagic fever, occurs primarily in Asian and Latin American countries and has been a leading cause of hospitalization and death among children in these countries (Ref. 42). About 1.6 million cases of DEN were documented in th ...
... the Western Pacific (Ref. 41). Severe DEN, previously known as Dengue haemorrhagic fever, occurs primarily in Asian and Latin American countries and has been a leading cause of hospitalization and death among children in these countries (Ref. 42). About 1.6 million cases of DEN were documented in th ...
Hepatitis Disease
... Hepatitis B is a contagious liver disease that results from infection with the Hepatitis B virus. It can range in severity from a mild illness lasting few weeks to a serious, lifelong illness. Hepatitis B can be either acute or chronic. Acute Hepatitis B virus infection is a short-term illness that ...
... Hepatitis B is a contagious liver disease that results from infection with the Hepatitis B virus. It can range in severity from a mild illness lasting few weeks to a serious, lifelong illness. Hepatitis B can be either acute or chronic. Acute Hepatitis B virus infection is a short-term illness that ...
29th International Conference on Antiviral Research (ICAR)
... Please join us for an informal career discussion and networking at the 29th ICAR meeting. This year we will again host an excellent group of moderators who are recognized experts in various areas of antiviral research and have pursued successful career in academia, government, or industry. As a part ...
... Please join us for an informal career discussion and networking at the 29th ICAR meeting. This year we will again host an excellent group of moderators who are recognized experts in various areas of antiviral research and have pursued successful career in academia, government, or industry. As a part ...
on June 25, 2017 Downloaded from
... To determine whether intact cellular organization was required for virus adsorption and inactivation, HeLa cells were disrupted by 10 cycles of rapid freezing and thawing. Resultant debris of 5 )< 108 HeLa cells was incubated for 2 hours at 37°C. with about 105 PFU of poliovirus in 1.0 ml. BSS, dilu ...
... To determine whether intact cellular organization was required for virus adsorption and inactivation, HeLa cells were disrupted by 10 cycles of rapid freezing and thawing. Resultant debris of 5 )< 108 HeLa cells was incubated for 2 hours at 37°C. with about 105 PFU of poliovirus in 1.0 ml. BSS, dilu ...
Protection and immune response in pigs intradermally vaccinated
... The purpose of this study was to assess the immune response in pigs intradermally vaccinated with a commercially available attenuated porcine reproductive and respiratory virus (PRRSV) vaccine (Porcilis® PRRS) and subsequently exposed to a heterologous (Italian cluster) field strain of virulent PRRS ...
... The purpose of this study was to assess the immune response in pigs intradermally vaccinated with a commercially available attenuated porcine reproductive and respiratory virus (PRRSV) vaccine (Porcilis® PRRS) and subsequently exposed to a heterologous (Italian cluster) field strain of virulent PRRS ...
DISEASE INFORMATION FACT SHEET Feline leukemia virus
... vector vaccines. The efficacy of commercially available vaccines is difficult to assess.10 Most of the published efficacy trials have been conducted or supported by the vaccine manufacturer, and most studies do not evaluate more than one vaccine. Other factors hamper interpretation of vaccine effica ...
... vector vaccines. The efficacy of commercially available vaccines is difficult to assess.10 Most of the published efficacy trials have been conducted or supported by the vaccine manufacturer, and most studies do not evaluate more than one vaccine. Other factors hamper interpretation of vaccine effica ...
NATtrol Norovirus GI Positive Control (6 x 0.125mL
... NATtrol™ Norovirus External Run Controls (NATNOVI6MC, NATNOVII-6MC, NATNOV-6MC and NATROTA-6MC)* are formulated with purified, intact virus particles that have been chemically modified to render them non-infectious and refrigerator stable. Each control contains 6 x 0.125 mL vials of NATtrol™ Norovir ...
... NATtrol™ Norovirus External Run Controls (NATNOVI6MC, NATNOVII-6MC, NATNOV-6MC and NATROTA-6MC)* are formulated with purified, intact virus particles that have been chemically modified to render them non-infectious and refrigerator stable. Each control contains 6 x 0.125 mL vials of NATtrol™ Norovir ...
Zika, a Mosquito-Transmitted Virus
... between the presence of Zika virus and congenital microcephaly in newborn babies. Microcephaly describes a rare neurological condition in which the head of the infant is smaller than the heads of infants of the same age and sex due to abnormal development of the brain in the womb. In October 2015, t ...
... between the presence of Zika virus and congenital microcephaly in newborn babies. Microcephaly describes a rare neurological condition in which the head of the infant is smaller than the heads of infants of the same age and sex due to abnormal development of the brain in the womb. In October 2015, t ...
The Association Between Serological Titers in Infectious
... seven days, sick animals had a lower titer than well aniimals. There did not appear to be much active infection with PT3 after arrival. Other researchers have studied the role of viruses in natural outbreaks. In two studies (7,8), P13, IBR and BVD viruses were present in cattle with BRD, and the aut ...
... seven days, sick animals had a lower titer than well aniimals. There did not appear to be much active infection with PT3 after arrival. Other researchers have studied the role of viruses in natural outbreaks. In two studies (7,8), P13, IBR and BVD viruses were present in cattle with BRD, and the aut ...
Infectious Bursal Disease (Gumboro) in - EDIS
... clinical IBD. Three categories of vaccines, based on their pathogenicity, have been described: 1) mild, 2) intermediate, and 3) virulent. The intermediate type IBD vaccines are most commonly used. These vaccines can stimulate the broiler to produce antibodies earlier than the mild-type vaccines, wit ...
... clinical IBD. Three categories of vaccines, based on their pathogenicity, have been described: 1) mild, 2) intermediate, and 3) virulent. The intermediate type IBD vaccines are most commonly used. These vaccines can stimulate the broiler to produce antibodies earlier than the mild-type vaccines, wit ...
Establishment of In-House Quantitative Real-Time RT
... Copyright: © 2014 Barnor JS, et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. ...
... Copyright: © 2014 Barnor JS, et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. ...
P.PSH.0750 qRT-PCR to detect FMD virus dft FR
... rapid detection of viral nucleic acid (RNA) without amplifying infectious virus. A combination of qRT-PCR assays to detect FMDV RNA and collection of oral swabs would provide an efficient option for large scale FMDV surveillance – either during an outbreak or during ‘proof of freedom’ testing. Since ...
... rapid detection of viral nucleic acid (RNA) without amplifying infectious virus. A combination of qRT-PCR assays to detect FMDV RNA and collection of oral swabs would provide an efficient option for large scale FMDV surveillance – either during an outbreak or during ‘proof of freedom’ testing. Since ...
Seroprevalence of Rift Valley fever and lumpy skin disease in
... and some parts of the Middle East, but with increasing potential for global emergence. Wild ruminants, such as the African buffalo (Syncerus caffer), are thought to play a role in the epidemiology of these diseases. This study sought to expand the understanding of the role of buffalo in the maintena ...
... and some parts of the Middle East, but with increasing potential for global emergence. Wild ruminants, such as the African buffalo (Syncerus caffer), are thought to play a role in the epidemiology of these diseases. This study sought to expand the understanding of the role of buffalo in the maintena ...
PDF
... knowledge, risk perceptions and socio-economic factors, which may play a crucial role in determining consumers’ behavioral changes if an outbreak of avian influenza occurs in Taiwan. The remainder of the paper is organized as follows. ...
... knowledge, risk perceptions and socio-economic factors, which may play a crucial role in determining consumers’ behavioral changes if an outbreak of avian influenza occurs in Taiwan. The remainder of the paper is organized as follows. ...
Bacteria and Viruses Outline
... A venereal disease is a contagious disease that a person gets through sexual contact Both diseases can be treated successfully by antibiotics if detected early enough Viruses A virus is not a cell It is made up of genetic material inside a protein coat Viruses do not carry on most metaboli ...
... A venereal disease is a contagious disease that a person gets through sexual contact Both diseases can be treated successfully by antibiotics if detected early enough Viruses A virus is not a cell It is made up of genetic material inside a protein coat Viruses do not carry on most metaboli ...
biosecurity factsheets
... Pig: There are 35 serotypes, specific types are the most likely to cause clinical disease in pigs. Clinically affected pigs have a high fever, seizures, and high mortality if not treated quickly and effectively. Pigs that recover, may have a permanent head tilt or balance problem, others recover wit ...
... Pig: There are 35 serotypes, specific types are the most likely to cause clinical disease in pigs. Clinically affected pigs have a high fever, seizures, and high mortality if not treated quickly and effectively. Pigs that recover, may have a permanent head tilt or balance problem, others recover wit ...
Genetic sequencing and analysis of the infectious pancreatic
... Studies have shown that the infection of fish cells by IPNV is initiated when virus particles are internalized by means of endocytosis (Couve, et al. 1992). Most enveloped viruses need an acidic environment in the endosome to be able to enter the cytosol, however this is not the case for IPNV (Espin ...
... Studies have shown that the infection of fish cells by IPNV is initiated when virus particles are internalized by means of endocytosis (Couve, et al. 1992). Most enveloped viruses need an acidic environment in the endosome to be able to enter the cytosol, however this is not the case for IPNV (Espin ...
Ebola vaccine 2014: remained problems to be answer
... the interest on vaccine development by the main pharmaceutical company of the world might not be much at the early phase of outbreak. For sure, many tropical infectious diseases in poor tropical countries usually get less interest on funding and researching for vaccine development by pharmaceutical ...
... the interest on vaccine development by the main pharmaceutical company of the world might not be much at the early phase of outbreak. For sure, many tropical infectious diseases in poor tropical countries usually get less interest on funding and researching for vaccine development by pharmaceutical ...
- UMKC Research
... permissive hosts for FIV replication, BL1 containment may be acceptable for mouse housing and husbandry when dealing with mice that have received FIV vectors (subject to the considerations noted above). Summary: A comprehensive risk assessment and determination of containment for research with lenti ...
... permissive hosts for FIV replication, BL1 containment may be acceptable for mouse housing and husbandry when dealing with mice that have received FIV vectors (subject to the considerations noted above). Summary: A comprehensive risk assessment and determination of containment for research with lenti ...
Technical file
... Pathological, Ecological and Physiological Traits ...................... 18 a) Classification of hazard according to existing Community rules concerning the protection of human health and/or the environment................................................... 18 b) Generation time in natural ecosystem ...
... Pathological, Ecological and Physiological Traits ...................... 18 a) Classification of hazard according to existing Community rules concerning the protection of human health and/or the environment................................................... 18 b) Generation time in natural ecosystem ...
REVIEW ARTICLE Slow Virus Infections of the Nervous System
... studies carried out by many research groups have basically confirmed Sigurdsson's concept. It was found that slow virus infections are related to unconventional and conventional agents, both of which have been associated with naturally occurring diseases in animals and man (Table I). The unconventio ...
... studies carried out by many research groups have basically confirmed Sigurdsson's concept. It was found that slow virus infections are related to unconventional and conventional agents, both of which have been associated with naturally occurring diseases in animals and man (Table I). The unconventio ...
Influenza A virus
Influenza A virus causes influenza in birds and some mammals, and is the only species of influenza virus A. Influenza virus A is a genus of the Orthomyxoviridae family of viruses. Strains of all subtypes of influenza A virus have been isolated from wild birds, although disease is uncommon. Some isolates of influenza A virus cause severe disease both in domestic poultry and, rarely, in humans. Occasionally, viruses are transmitted from wild aquatic birds to domestic poultry, and this may cause an outbreak or give rise to human influenza pandemics.Influenza A viruses are negative-sense, single-stranded, segmented RNA viruses.The several subtypes are labeled according to an H number (for the type of hemagglutinin) and an N number (for the type of neuraminidase). There are 18 different known H antigens (H1 to H18) and 11 different known N antigens (N1 to N11). H17 was isolated from fruit bats in 2012. H18N11 was discovered in a Peruvian bat in 2013.Each virus subtype has mutated into a variety of strains with differing pathogenic profiles; some are pathogenic to one species but not others, some are pathogenic to multiple species.A filtered and purified influenza A vaccine for humans has been developed, and many countries have stockpiled it to allow a quick administration to the population in the event of an avian influenza pandemic. Avian influenza is sometimes called avian flu, and colloquially, bird flu. In 2011, researchers reported the discovery of an antibody effective against all types of the influenza A virus.