Smallpox Eradication Story The story of the eradication of smallpox
... made to introduce the virus into the system, and often people who underwent variolation had a mild illness that allowed them to remain mobile and then spread the disease to others who were not immune. In the late eighteenth century, thanks to the observations of British physician Edward Jenner who h ...
... made to introduce the virus into the system, and often people who underwent variolation had a mild illness that allowed them to remain mobile and then spread the disease to others who were not immune. In the late eighteenth century, thanks to the observations of British physician Edward Jenner who h ...
Antiviral Activity of Favipiravir (T-705) Against Lethal Rift Valley
... Rift Valley fever (RVF) is a severe disease affecting both humans and a number of agriculturally important livestock species. The causative agent, RVF virus (RVFV), is primarily transmitted through mosquito bites, with transmission also occurring by exposure to infectious aerosols and direct contact ...
... Rift Valley fever (RVF) is a severe disease affecting both humans and a number of agriculturally important livestock species. The causative agent, RVF virus (RVFV), is primarily transmitted through mosquito bites, with transmission also occurring by exposure to infectious aerosols and direct contact ...
The national flu immunisation programme 2014/15.
... Providing indirect protection by lowering flu transmission from: • Child to child • Child to adult • Child to those in the clinical risk groups of any age Reducing flu transmission in the community will avert many cases of severe flu and flu-related deaths in older adults and people with clinical r ...
... Providing indirect protection by lowering flu transmission from: • Child to child • Child to adult • Child to those in the clinical risk groups of any age Reducing flu transmission in the community will avert many cases of severe flu and flu-related deaths in older adults and people with clinical r ...
Slide 1
... Providing indirect protection by lowering flu transmission from: • Child to child • Child to adult • Child to those in the clinical risk groups of any age Reducing flu transmission in the community will avert many cases of severe flu and flu-related deaths in older adults and people with clinical r ...
... Providing indirect protection by lowering flu transmission from: • Child to child • Child to adult • Child to those in the clinical risk groups of any age Reducing flu transmission in the community will avert many cases of severe flu and flu-related deaths in older adults and people with clinical r ...
Transmission routes of African swine fever virus
... virulent Kenya ASFV strain, although this failed when consuming contaminated sweet potatoes or bananas (Montgomery 1921). It has been reported that infection by ingestion of pig tissues contaminated with this strain required a high dose of virus (at least 105 HAD50/ml) to effectively infect pigs (He ...
... virulent Kenya ASFV strain, although this failed when consuming contaminated sweet potatoes or bananas (Montgomery 1921). It has been reported that infection by ingestion of pig tissues contaminated with this strain required a high dose of virus (at least 105 HAD50/ml) to effectively infect pigs (He ...
Seasonality, variation in species prevalence, and localized disease
... tropism for the proximal tubular epithelium of the kidney (Chinchar et al. 2009) but other organs are also infected. At the organismal level, infection manifests as hemorrhaging and necrosis in internal organs, often the kidney, liver, spleen, and intestines (Gray et al. 2009a). Affected animals of ...
... tropism for the proximal tubular epithelium of the kidney (Chinchar et al. 2009) but other organs are also infected. At the organismal level, infection manifests as hemorrhaging and necrosis in internal organs, often the kidney, liver, spleen, and intestines (Gray et al. 2009a). Affected animals of ...
Guided Notes Outline:
... a. Explain how animal-‐like protists get their food b. Define a pseudopod and explain its purpose c. Define cilla and explain its purpose d. Define flagella and explain its purpose III. Fungus-like Protists: ...
... a. Explain how animal-‐like protists get their food b. Define a pseudopod and explain its purpose c. Define cilla and explain its purpose d. Define flagella and explain its purpose III. Fungus-like Protists: ...
Three Rs Approaches in the Production and Quality
... live viral vaccines. The minimal requirements for the production and quality control of vaccines are given in the European Pharmacopoeia. Its actual Third Edition & Supplements include 13 monographs on avian vaccines (live and inactivated) and the text for extraneous agents testing (Table I). Most o ...
... live viral vaccines. The minimal requirements for the production and quality control of vaccines are given in the European Pharmacopoeia. Its actual Third Edition & Supplements include 13 monographs on avian vaccines (live and inactivated) and the text for extraneous agents testing (Table I). Most o ...
Vector Competence of California Mosquitoes for West Nile virus
... infection rates ranged from 41% to 48%. Ae. vexans had a moderate infection rate of 32%, whereas Oc. sierrensis and Cx. p. quinquefasciatus from the Coachella Valley had infection rates <15%. The last two infection rates are significantly lower than the day-14 high–dose infection rates for all speci ...
... infection rates ranged from 41% to 48%. Ae. vexans had a moderate infection rate of 32%, whereas Oc. sierrensis and Cx. p. quinquefasciatus from the Coachella Valley had infection rates <15%. The last two infection rates are significantly lower than the day-14 high–dose infection rates for all speci ...
Prevalence of respiratory pathogens detected in dogs with kennel
... The disease is spread through airborne droplets, and therefore it primarily affects animals kept in large groups (veterinary clinics, animal shelters, kennels, working dogs, and sports competitions), but may also occur in animals kept at home (Mochizuki et al. 2008; Pouswan et al. 2010; Wesse and St ...
... The disease is spread through airborne droplets, and therefore it primarily affects animals kept in large groups (veterinary clinics, animal shelters, kennels, working dogs, and sports competitions), but may also occur in animals kept at home (Mochizuki et al. 2008; Pouswan et al. 2010; Wesse and St ...
Respiratory Syncytial Virus in Older Adults: A Hidden Annual Epidemic
... doctor or the emergency department on day five to seven of the illness.6 There is little difference in RSV and influenza symptoms in adults of any age with high-risk conditions (e.g., chronic heart or lung disease) and otherwise healthy adults age 65 years and older without high-risk conditions (Tab ...
... doctor or the emergency department on day five to seven of the illness.6 There is little difference in RSV and influenza symptoms in adults of any age with high-risk conditions (e.g., chronic heart or lung disease) and otherwise healthy adults age 65 years and older without high-risk conditions (Tab ...
Research paper : Serological evidence of recent dengue virus
... However this is a gap in knowledge for Nigerian researchers to look into. A significant limitation to our study was lack of clinical information to surpport our findings, this was due to unforseen challenges in logistics and communication between the records department of our study institution and t ...
... However this is a gap in knowledge for Nigerian researchers to look into. A significant limitation to our study was lack of clinical information to surpport our findings, this was due to unforseen challenges in logistics and communication between the records department of our study institution and t ...
A holistic evolutionary and structural study of flaviviridae provides
... infection in the appropriate host cells. The 3’-termini of their RNA are not polyadenylated. The 5’-termini of the viral RNA genome in members of the Flavivirus genus have a methylated nucleotide cap, which allows translation. Sometimes it is possible to have a genome-linked protein (VPg) in place o ...
... infection in the appropriate host cells. The 3’-termini of their RNA are not polyadenylated. The 5’-termini of the viral RNA genome in members of the Flavivirus genus have a methylated nucleotide cap, which allows translation. Sometimes it is possible to have a genome-linked protein (VPg) in place o ...
NATIONAL NOTIFIABLE DISEASE SURVEILLANCE BULLETIN
... officer of health of the Division where such person is residing or has died, a notice signed by him in the prescribed form containing such particulars as may be prescribed. (2) Any medical practitioner required by this section to give a notice or certificate whether of sickness or of death or of bot ...
... officer of health of the Division where such person is residing or has died, a notice signed by him in the prescribed form containing such particulars as may be prescribed. (2) Any medical practitioner required by this section to give a notice or certificate whether of sickness or of death or of bot ...
Interferon Induced within the Central Nervous System during
... (Lodmell, 1983). All of the mice were bled from the retro-orbital plexus 2 and 6 h postinoculation, and at 24 h intervals for the next 7 days. Individual sera were assayed for antiviral activity on outbred Swiss Webster mouse embryo (ME) cells by using a standard c.p.e, bioassay (Armstrong, 1981), a ...
... (Lodmell, 1983). All of the mice were bled from the retro-orbital plexus 2 and 6 h postinoculation, and at 24 h intervals for the next 7 days. Individual sera were assayed for antiviral activity on outbred Swiss Webster mouse embryo (ME) cells by using a standard c.p.e, bioassay (Armstrong, 1981), a ...
Chapter 10 Respiratory System J00-J99
... underlying condition. It may be the final pathway of a disease process or a combination of different processes. • Respiratory failure can result from either acute or chronic diseases that cause airway obstruction, parenchymal infiltration, or pulmonary edema. It can arise from an abnormality in any ...
... underlying condition. It may be the final pathway of a disease process or a combination of different processes. • Respiratory failure can result from either acute or chronic diseases that cause airway obstruction, parenchymal infiltration, or pulmonary edema. It can arise from an abnormality in any ...
Effects of Infectious Bursal Disease Vaccination Strains on the
... chickens were 31 days old. The difference may be explained by the fact that different types of chickens were vaccinated: while field experience was based on vaccination of meat birds, the present study used Leghorn chickens. Because testing of IBDV vaccination strains was performed in the absence of ...
... chickens were 31 days old. The difference may be explained by the fact that different types of chickens were vaccinated: while field experience was based on vaccination of meat birds, the present study used Leghorn chickens. Because testing of IBDV vaccination strains was performed in the absence of ...
Evidence of Latency and Reactivation of Both Herpes Simplex Virus... and HSV-2 in the Genital Region
... reports has demonstrated that the second infecting virus established latency [6]. Infection with HSV-1 offers partial protection from HSV-2 acquisition; it is possible that prior genital HSV-1 is more protective than prior oral HSV-1 infection. In this report we describe 5 patients initially infecte ...
... reports has demonstrated that the second infecting virus established latency [6]. Infection with HSV-1 offers partial protection from HSV-2 acquisition; it is possible that prior genital HSV-1 is more protective than prior oral HSV-1 infection. In this report we describe 5 patients initially infecte ...
Virus in food and drinking water in Sweden
... illness lasting for few days whereas HAV causes illness for several weeks and can even cause death. In general, the transmission routes for norovirus and HAV are the same and they have similar properties. Both viruses are transmitted by the human faecal-oral route either via food or person to person ...
... illness lasting for few days whereas HAV causes illness for several weeks and can even cause death. In general, the transmission routes for norovirus and HAV are the same and they have similar properties. Both viruses are transmitted by the human faecal-oral route either via food or person to person ...
Modeling Virus Adsorption in Batch and Column Experiments
... in addition, advection and dispersion cause spreading of viruses and thereby result in the attenuation of virus concentrations (Yates and Yates, 1991). In the case of reversible adsorption, one may have equilibrium and=or kinetic adsorption sites. Equilibrium sites are sites where detachment of viru ...
... in addition, advection and dispersion cause spreading of viruses and thereby result in the attenuation of virus concentrations (Yates and Yates, 1991). In the case of reversible adsorption, one may have equilibrium and=or kinetic adsorption sites. Equilibrium sites are sites where detachment of viru ...
Hepatitis B Virus Infection — Natural History and
... the virus to host-cell receptors20 and in the assembly of the virion and its release from the cell.21 The preC–C (precore–core) region encodes hepatitis B core antigen (HBcAg) and hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg). These two proteins are also derived by alternative initiation of translation at two in-fr ...
... the virus to host-cell receptors20 and in the assembly of the virion and its release from the cell.21 The preC–C (precore–core) region encodes hepatitis B core antigen (HBcAg) and hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg). These two proteins are also derived by alternative initiation of translation at two in-fr ...
Electron cryomicroscopy of single particles at
... two categories: icosahedral particles and non-icosahedral particles. Typically, the resolution-limiting factor in single-particle reconstruction is the high noise levels present in the particle images due to dose limitations. As resolution increases, ever smaller doses are required to prevent radiat ...
... two categories: icosahedral particles and non-icosahedral particles. Typically, the resolution-limiting factor in single-particle reconstruction is the high noise levels present in the particle images due to dose limitations. As resolution increases, ever smaller doses are required to prevent radiat ...
Rabbit Hemorrhagic Disease - The Center for Food Security and
... RHDV is not thought to be established in North America, where O. cuniculus does not occur in the wild. Outbreaks were reported among domesticated rabbits in the U.S. in 2000 (Iowa), 2001 (Utah, Illinois, New York), 2005 (Indiana), 2008 (Maryland) and 2010 (Minnesota). In some cases, only a single fa ...
... RHDV is not thought to be established in North America, where O. cuniculus does not occur in the wild. Outbreaks were reported among domesticated rabbits in the U.S. in 2000 (Iowa), 2001 (Utah, Illinois, New York), 2005 (Indiana), 2008 (Maryland) and 2010 (Minnesota). In some cases, only a single fa ...
hepatitis e
... irritated and liver cells are damaged or die, occurred four to five weeks after oral ingestion of the virus and persisted for 20 to 90 days. During an acute infection, there can also be elevated levels of bilirubin (bile pigments) in the blood and urine, and a mild increase in the alkaline phosphata ...
... irritated and liver cells are damaged or die, occurred four to five weeks after oral ingestion of the virus and persisted for 20 to 90 days. During an acute infection, there can also be elevated levels of bilirubin (bile pigments) in the blood and urine, and a mild increase in the alkaline phosphata ...
Diseases in insects produced for food and feed
... cricket A. domesticus, a densovirus (AdDNV) frequently occurs and has been known to exist at endemic levels in Europe for at least 35 years (Liu et al., 2011). Infected A. domesticus crickets die from infection or become smaller and less active (Szelei et al., 2011). Weissmann et al. (2012) describe ...
... cricket A. domesticus, a densovirus (AdDNV) frequently occurs and has been known to exist at endemic levels in Europe for at least 35 years (Liu et al., 2011). Infected A. domesticus crickets die from infection or become smaller and less active (Szelei et al., 2011). Weissmann et al. (2012) describe ...
Influenza A virus
Influenza A virus causes influenza in birds and some mammals, and is the only species of influenza virus A. Influenza virus A is a genus of the Orthomyxoviridae family of viruses. Strains of all subtypes of influenza A virus have been isolated from wild birds, although disease is uncommon. Some isolates of influenza A virus cause severe disease both in domestic poultry and, rarely, in humans. Occasionally, viruses are transmitted from wild aquatic birds to domestic poultry, and this may cause an outbreak or give rise to human influenza pandemics.Influenza A viruses are negative-sense, single-stranded, segmented RNA viruses.The several subtypes are labeled according to an H number (for the type of hemagglutinin) and an N number (for the type of neuraminidase). There are 18 different known H antigens (H1 to H18) and 11 different known N antigens (N1 to N11). H17 was isolated from fruit bats in 2012. H18N11 was discovered in a Peruvian bat in 2013.Each virus subtype has mutated into a variety of strains with differing pathogenic profiles; some are pathogenic to one species but not others, some are pathogenic to multiple species.A filtered and purified influenza A vaccine for humans has been developed, and many countries have stockpiled it to allow a quick administration to the population in the event of an avian influenza pandemic. Avian influenza is sometimes called avian flu, and colloquially, bird flu. In 2011, researchers reported the discovery of an antibody effective against all types of the influenza A virus.