Runting-Stunting Syndrome
... defined as an animal that is unusually small, especially the smallest of a flock. “Stunting” relates to the hindering of the normal growth of an individual. Thus, “runting-stunting” can be defined as a syndrome in which a number of individuals in a flock appear considerably small due to delayed grow ...
... defined as an animal that is unusually small, especially the smallest of a flock. “Stunting” relates to the hindering of the normal growth of an individual. Thus, “runting-stunting” can be defined as a syndrome in which a number of individuals in a flock appear considerably small due to delayed grow ...
Glenn JS, 2006 Vietheer PT, 2005 Global Anti
... The only catalytic cleaving RNA motif discovered in humans, ideal for use as a functional enzyme in an intracellular environment • HDV sequences in the human CPEB3 gene, not recognized as an external, invading RNA • functions properly in the low-ionic enviroment of human cells • more stable and long ...
... The only catalytic cleaving RNA motif discovered in humans, ideal for use as a functional enzyme in an intracellular environment • HDV sequences in the human CPEB3 gene, not recognized as an external, invading RNA • functions properly in the low-ionic enviroment of human cells • more stable and long ...
Pre-school immunisations - A guide to vaccinations
... Rubella (German measles) is a disease caused by a virus. In children it is usually mild and can go unnoticed. It causes a short-lived rash, swollen glands and a sore throat. Rubella is very serious for unborn babies. It can seriously damage their sight, hearing, heart and brain. This condition is ca ...
... Rubella (German measles) is a disease caused by a virus. In children it is usually mild and can go unnoticed. It causes a short-lived rash, swollen glands and a sore throat. Rubella is very serious for unborn babies. It can seriously damage their sight, hearing, heart and brain. This condition is ca ...
Evidence of widespread natural recombination among field isolates
... Recombination in alphaherpesviruses allows evolution to occur in viruses that have an otherwise ...
... Recombination in alphaherpesviruses allows evolution to occur in viruses that have an otherwise ...
STUDIES IN RODENT POLIOMYELITIS
... of murine virus between the 70th and 162nd mouse passage produced extensive paralysis in almost all of the injected guinea pigs. Paralysis also followed the injection of virus mouse brain after filtration through Berkefeld N or W candles, whereas control injections of normal mouse brain never caused ...
... of murine virus between the 70th and 162nd mouse passage produced extensive paralysis in almost all of the injected guinea pigs. Paralysis also followed the injection of virus mouse brain after filtration through Berkefeld N or W candles, whereas control injections of normal mouse brain never caused ...
Failure to Detect Simian Immunodeficiency Virus Infection
... high NHP exposure of these individuals and the relatively large cohort that we tested. Our results, 0.94% seroreactivity without antigen detection, suggest that SIV infections could occur less frequently than SFV (1% seropositive and 0.33% PCR positive) infections (Wolfe et al. 2004b, 2005); however ...
... high NHP exposure of these individuals and the relatively large cohort that we tested. Our results, 0.94% seroreactivity without antigen detection, suggest that SIV infections could occur less frequently than SFV (1% seropositive and 0.33% PCR positive) infections (Wolfe et al. 2004b, 2005); however ...
Pre-school immunisations - A guide to vaccinations from 2 to 5 years
... Rubella (German measles) is a disease caused by a virus. In children it is usually mild and can go unnoticed. It causes a short-lived rash, swollen glands and a sore throat. Rubella is very serious for unborn babies. It can seriously damage their sight, hearing, heart and brain. This condition is ca ...
... Rubella (German measles) is a disease caused by a virus. In children it is usually mild and can go unnoticed. It causes a short-lived rash, swollen glands and a sore throat. Rubella is very serious for unborn babies. It can seriously damage their sight, hearing, heart and brain. This condition is ca ...
German Symposium on Zoonoses Research 2014 7th International
... Ebola outbreak in West Africa proves how dangerous infectious diseases are and how difficult it is to control them. Contractible diseases still range among the most common causes of death worldwide. According to WHO and OIE, over 60 % of emerging infectious diseases are zoonoses. The potential sprea ...
... Ebola outbreak in West Africa proves how dangerous infectious diseases are and how difficult it is to control them. Contractible diseases still range among the most common causes of death worldwide. According to WHO and OIE, over 60 % of emerging infectious diseases are zoonoses. The potential sprea ...
Feline Upper Respiratory Tract Pathogens
... for diagnosis, anatomic site sampled (conjunctival veralso be present in cats with acute infections. In young sus oropharyngeal), number of cats sampled, seasonal cats, damage to the upper respiratory tract epithelium variation of disease, and clinical criteria used to define a and osteolysis of the ...
... for diagnosis, anatomic site sampled (conjunctival veralso be present in cats with acute infections. In young sus oropharyngeal), number of cats sampled, seasonal cats, damage to the upper respiratory tract epithelium variation of disease, and clinical criteria used to define a and osteolysis of the ...
Hepatitis B virus
... It is a defective virus, that cannot replicates by its own. It requires a helper virus. The helper virus is HBV. HBV provides the free HBsAg particles to be used as an envelope. HDV is small 30-40 nm in diameter. Composed of small ss-RNA genome, surrounded by delta antigen that form the ...
... It is a defective virus, that cannot replicates by its own. It requires a helper virus. The helper virus is HBV. HBV provides the free HBsAg particles to be used as an envelope. HDV is small 30-40 nm in diameter. Composed of small ss-RNA genome, surrounded by delta antigen that form the ...
Measured Dynamic Social Contact Patterns Explain
... diaries [29], while others have found that more encounters are reported when using paper diaries [32]. In our study, we collected aggregate numbers of contacts (by age group and social setting), in order to reduce the time required to complete the surveys; a previous study suggests that this approac ...
... diaries [29], while others have found that more encounters are reported when using paper diaries [32]. In our study, we collected aggregate numbers of contacts (by age group and social setting), in order to reduce the time required to complete the surveys; a previous study suggests that this approac ...
Post-translational regulation and modifications of flavivirus structural
... heavy disease burden attributed to flaviviruses, the generation of effective vaccines and therapeutics remains a significant goal within the medical research community. The replicative cycle of flaviviruses is an elegantly regulated process and has been described in detail elsewhere (Roby et al., 20 ...
... heavy disease burden attributed to flaviviruses, the generation of effective vaccines and therapeutics remains a significant goal within the medical research community. The replicative cycle of flaviviruses is an elegantly regulated process and has been described in detail elsewhere (Roby et al., 20 ...
Fast-killing parasites can be favoured in spatially structured
... The optimal levels of parasite virulence and time to kill will be affected by a range of ecological factors, including extrinsic host mortality, host immune status and competition with other parasite genotypes [27,30,31]. This latter selection pressure is likely to be particularly relevant in struct ...
... The optimal levels of parasite virulence and time to kill will be affected by a range of ecological factors, including extrinsic host mortality, host immune status and competition with other parasite genotypes [27,30,31]. This latter selection pressure is likely to be particularly relevant in struct ...
Interim Guidelines for Health Care Providers Caring for Infants and
... in infants and children who are infected through mosquito bites indicates that most children are asymptomatic or have mild illness, similar to the findings seen in adults infected with Zika virus disease. In the outbreak in Yap Island, Micronesia, in 2007, among persons with clinical illness (age ra ...
... in infants and children who are infected through mosquito bites indicates that most children are asymptomatic or have mild illness, similar to the findings seen in adults infected with Zika virus disease. In the outbreak in Yap Island, Micronesia, in 2007, among persons with clinical illness (age ra ...
Herpes Simplex Virus: HSV‑1 and HSV‑2
... membranes. Lesions can occur in many different areas, especially in or around the mouth, lips, genitals, and eyes. There are two types of HSV: HSV‑1 and HSV‑2. HSV‑1 is responsible for the development of your typical “cold sore”; it therefore has a predisposition for the mouth and lips, but it can a ...
... membranes. Lesions can occur in many different areas, especially in or around the mouth, lips, genitals, and eyes. There are two types of HSV: HSV‑1 and HSV‑2. HSV‑1 is responsible for the development of your typical “cold sore”; it therefore has a predisposition for the mouth and lips, but it can a ...
Patterns in Zika Virus Testing and Infection, by Report of Symptoms
... against dengue virus. Recent unspecified flavivirus infection was defined as detection of anti-Zika or anti-dengue virus IgM antibodies by ELISA with <4-fold difference in neutralizing antibody titers between Zika and dengue viruses. State and local health departments collected information on clinic ...
... against dengue virus. Recent unspecified flavivirus infection was defined as detection of anti-Zika or anti-dengue virus IgM antibodies by ELISA with <4-fold difference in neutralizing antibody titers between Zika and dengue viruses. State and local health departments collected information on clinic ...
FELINE INFECTIOUS PERITONITIS (FIP)
... The first references to the fact that cats infected by this virus developed disease were described as early as 1960. However, it was not until 1966 that FIP was described as a distinct clinical entity and the infectious nature of the disease was described. Although the initial name, "feline infectio ...
... The first references to the fact that cats infected by this virus developed disease were described as early as 1960. However, it was not until 1966 that FIP was described as a distinct clinical entity and the infectious nature of the disease was described. Although the initial name, "feline infectio ...
Full Text
... intermediate plus strain) have been introduced (Kouwenhoven and van den Bos, 1994). The better protection with more virulent strain of IBDV is due to more antigenic stimulation based on higher and longer replication in lymphoid tissues (Rautenschlein et al., 2001). However, these intermediate vaccin ...
... intermediate plus strain) have been introduced (Kouwenhoven and van den Bos, 1994). The better protection with more virulent strain of IBDV is due to more antigenic stimulation based on higher and longer replication in lymphoid tissues (Rautenschlein et al., 2001). However, these intermediate vaccin ...
Gross Morbid Pathology of Selected Avian Diseases
... Cyanosis/ edema wattle and comb Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) Ventral neck, chicken Edema HPAI Legs, chicken Mf cutaneous hemorrhage HPAI Proventriculus, chicken Mf hemorrhagic proventriculitis HPAI Peritoneum, chicken Mf peritoneal hemorrhage HPAI Trachea, chicken Hemorrhagic tracheitis ...
... Cyanosis/ edema wattle and comb Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) Ventral neck, chicken Edema HPAI Legs, chicken Mf cutaneous hemorrhage HPAI Proventriculus, chicken Mf hemorrhagic proventriculitis HPAI Peritoneum, chicken Mf peritoneal hemorrhage HPAI Trachea, chicken Hemorrhagic tracheitis ...
Genetic and Biochemical Analyses of the Flaviviridae Capsid Proteins
... The small, enveloped viruses of the family Flaviviridae are etiological agents of numerous important human and agricultural diseases including hepatitis C, yellow fever, and bovine viral diarrhea. Efficient dissemination of these viruses is dependent on the production of infectious particles, though ...
... The small, enveloped viruses of the family Flaviviridae are etiological agents of numerous important human and agricultural diseases including hepatitis C, yellow fever, and bovine viral diarrhea. Efficient dissemination of these viruses is dependent on the production of infectious particles, though ...
Introduction Dengue viruses are RNA viruses belong to the family
... monocytes/macrophages results in increased T-cell activation, which results in the release of increased levels of cytokines and chemical mediators. Kurane and Ennis hypothesized that the rapid increase in the levels and the synergistic effects of mediators such as TNF, IL-2, IL-6, IFNg, PAF, C3a, C5 ...
... monocytes/macrophages results in increased T-cell activation, which results in the release of increased levels of cytokines and chemical mediators. Kurane and Ennis hypothesized that the rapid increase in the levels and the synergistic effects of mediators such as TNF, IL-2, IL-6, IFNg, PAF, C3a, C5 ...
Effects of Live Infectious Bursal Disease Vaccines, on Immune
... Interest in IBDV research includes similarity of its pathogenesis and that of the Human Immune-deficiency Virus (HIV) as knowledge from its study may be useful in understanding immunology of HIV cases. IBDV is a double stranded RNA virus that has a bi-segmented genome. There are two distinct serotyp ...
... Interest in IBDV research includes similarity of its pathogenesis and that of the Human Immune-deficiency Virus (HIV) as knowledge from its study may be useful in understanding immunology of HIV cases. IBDV is a double stranded RNA virus that has a bi-segmented genome. There are two distinct serotyp ...
Cell-mediated immune responses in cattle
... of Coxsackie virus and its pathogenicity for mice depended upon body temperatures; artificially lowered temperatures resulted in increased lethality, increased temperatures resulted in failure of virus multiplica tion and complete survival. ...
... of Coxsackie virus and its pathogenicity for mice depended upon body temperatures; artificially lowered temperatures resulted in increased lethality, increased temperatures resulted in failure of virus multiplica tion and complete survival. ...
Document
... direct translation of GFP. Key restriction sites used for cloning are noted. (c) In vitro transcription/translation of single or 2Alinked CD3 chains. Proteins were translated in the presence of biotinylated lysine and detected by western blot analysis with streptavidin (top). Identity of translation ...
... direct translation of GFP. Key restriction sites used for cloning are noted. (c) In vitro transcription/translation of single or 2Alinked CD3 chains. Proteins were translated in the presence of biotinylated lysine and detected by western blot analysis with streptavidin (top). Identity of translation ...
Pneumonia - The Center for Life Enrichment
... describe pneumonia that isn't severe enough to require bed rest, may result from bacteria-like organisms 0 Viruses—including some that are the same type of viruses that cause colds and flu. Viruses are the most common cause of pneumonia in children younger than 2 years. Viral pneumonia is usually mi ...
... describe pneumonia that isn't severe enough to require bed rest, may result from bacteria-like organisms 0 Viruses—including some that are the same type of viruses that cause colds and flu. Viruses are the most common cause of pneumonia in children younger than 2 years. Viral pneumonia is usually mi ...
Influenza A virus
Influenza A virus causes influenza in birds and some mammals, and is the only species of influenza virus A. Influenza virus A is a genus of the Orthomyxoviridae family of viruses. Strains of all subtypes of influenza A virus have been isolated from wild birds, although disease is uncommon. Some isolates of influenza A virus cause severe disease both in domestic poultry and, rarely, in humans. Occasionally, viruses are transmitted from wild aquatic birds to domestic poultry, and this may cause an outbreak or give rise to human influenza pandemics.Influenza A viruses are negative-sense, single-stranded, segmented RNA viruses.The several subtypes are labeled according to an H number (for the type of hemagglutinin) and an N number (for the type of neuraminidase). There are 18 different known H antigens (H1 to H18) and 11 different known N antigens (N1 to N11). H17 was isolated from fruit bats in 2012. H18N11 was discovered in a Peruvian bat in 2013.Each virus subtype has mutated into a variety of strains with differing pathogenic profiles; some are pathogenic to one species but not others, some are pathogenic to multiple species.A filtered and purified influenza A vaccine for humans has been developed, and many countries have stockpiled it to allow a quick administration to the population in the event of an avian influenza pandemic. Avian influenza is sometimes called avian flu, and colloquially, bird flu. In 2011, researchers reported the discovery of an antibody effective against all types of the influenza A virus.