Discovery and Description of Ebola Zaire Virus in
... Zaire) were reported. This article addresses who was responsible for recognizing the disease; recovering, identifying, and naming the virus; and describing the epidemic. Key scientific approaches used in 1976 and their relevance to the 3-country (Guinea, Sierra Leone, and Liberia) West African epidem ...
... Zaire) were reported. This article addresses who was responsible for recognizing the disease; recovering, identifying, and naming the virus; and describing the epidemic. Key scientific approaches used in 1976 and their relevance to the 3-country (Guinea, Sierra Leone, and Liberia) West African epidem ...
Antibodies against some viruses of domestic B.J.H. BARNARD
... BARNARD, B.J.H. 1997. Antibodies against some viruses of domestic animals in southern African wild animals. Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Research, 64:95-11 0 Twenty-four species of South African wild animals were tested for the presence of antibodies against the viruses of 16 common diseases ...
... BARNARD, B.J.H. 1997. Antibodies against some viruses of domestic animals in southern African wild animals. Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Research, 64:95-11 0 Twenty-four species of South African wild animals were tested for the presence of antibodies against the viruses of 16 common diseases ...
IS HIV SHORTSIGHTED INSIGHTS FROM A MULTISTRAIN
... of the virus. With a higher level of virulence, the virus is more likely to be transmitted while the infection lasts, but death due to AIDS will be swifter, resulting in fewer onward infections during the lifetime of the infected individual. With a lower level of virulence the host will live longer, ...
... of the virus. With a higher level of virulence, the virus is more likely to be transmitted while the infection lasts, but death due to AIDS will be swifter, resulting in fewer onward infections during the lifetime of the infected individual. With a lower level of virulence the host will live longer, ...
Biological Materials Registration Form
... 6. Does the gene encode a toxin or other hazardous agent? If yes, please describe. 7. Transgenics cannot be released into the environment. Please describe methods to prevent release (e.g. fly trap) and methods of disposal: ...
... 6. Does the gene encode a toxin or other hazardous agent? If yes, please describe. 7. Transgenics cannot be released into the environment. Please describe methods to prevent release (e.g. fly trap) and methods of disposal: ...
ibd_helal
... One day old specific pathogens free (SPF). The eggs were obtained from the SPF production farm, Koum Oshiem, Fayoum, Egypt. It kept in the egg incubator at 37ºC with humidity 40-60% till the age of 9-11 day old and was used in this study. Experiments and Results: 1- Study the prevalence of IBD in Eg ...
... One day old specific pathogens free (SPF). The eggs were obtained from the SPF production farm, Koum Oshiem, Fayoum, Egypt. It kept in the egg incubator at 37ºC with humidity 40-60% till the age of 9-11 day old and was used in this study. Experiments and Results: 1- Study the prevalence of IBD in Eg ...
Quantities of infectious virus and viral RNA recovered from sheep
... was made according to Alexandersen et al. (2001) and Oleksiewicz et al. (2001). The assay method was similar to that used previously (Alexandersen et al., 2001 ; Oleksiewicz et al., 2001) except that the primers and the probe (patent pending) were altered so that the assay was able to detect all iso ...
... was made according to Alexandersen et al. (2001) and Oleksiewicz et al. (2001). The assay method was similar to that used previously (Alexandersen et al., 2001 ; Oleksiewicz et al., 2001) except that the primers and the probe (patent pending) were altered so that the assay was able to detect all iso ...
Shingles
... After a person recovers from chickenpox, the virus stays dormant (inactive) in the body. The virus may reactivate years later, causing shingles. Shingles is not caused by the same virus that causes genital herpes, a sexually transmitted disease. What are the symptoms of shingles? Shingles is ...
... After a person recovers from chickenpox, the virus stays dormant (inactive) in the body. The virus may reactivate years later, causing shingles. Shingles is not caused by the same virus that causes genital herpes, a sexually transmitted disease. What are the symptoms of shingles? Shingles is ...
Bluetongue virus: virology, pathogenesis and immunity
... motifs (three interlocked spirals) on the outer layer [31]. VP2 is responsible for receptor binding, hemagglutination and eliciting serotype-specific neutralizing antibodies [35, 82]. Recombinant VP2 has a strong affinity for glycophorin A, a sialoglycoprotein component of erythrocytes, an interacti ...
... motifs (three interlocked spirals) on the outer layer [31]. VP2 is responsible for receptor binding, hemagglutination and eliciting serotype-specific neutralizing antibodies [35, 82]. Recombinant VP2 has a strong affinity for glycophorin A, a sialoglycoprotein component of erythrocytes, an interacti ...
Viral Hepatitis in Infants and Children
... • Prevents morbidity and mortality associated with HAV infection – Incidence of HAV in U.S. has decreased by 75% since vaccine introduced in 1997 • Because humans are the only known reservoir for HAV, universal immunization strategies could hypothetically eradicate HAV ...
... • Prevents morbidity and mortality associated with HAV infection – Incidence of HAV in U.S. has decreased by 75% since vaccine introduced in 1997 • Because humans are the only known reservoir for HAV, universal immunization strategies could hypothetically eradicate HAV ...
4-community acquired Pneumonia updated
... 1. Fibrinopurulent alveolar exudate seen in acute bacterial pneumonias. 2. Mononuclear interstitial infiltrates in viral and other atypical pneumonias 3. Granulomas and cavitation seen in chronic pneumonias ...
... 1. Fibrinopurulent alveolar exudate seen in acute bacterial pneumonias. 2. Mononuclear interstitial infiltrates in viral and other atypical pneumonias 3. Granulomas and cavitation seen in chronic pneumonias ...
Review the Origin of HIV-1 in the chimpanzee Pan troglodytes
... The Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) was first recognized in 1981 and has since become a major worldwide epidemic. There is now clear evidence that AIDS is caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) which binds to the CD4 cell surface receptors found on T-lymphocyte cells (these cells ...
... The Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) was first recognized in 1981 and has since become a major worldwide epidemic. There is now clear evidence that AIDS is caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) which binds to the CD4 cell surface receptors found on T-lymphocyte cells (these cells ...
Chapter 13 VIRAL HEMORRHAGIC FEVERS
... 1950–1951, an epizootic of RVF in Kenya resulted in the death of about 100,000 sheep. An RVF epizootic can lead to an epidemic among humans who are exposed to diseased animals. Risk factors for human infection include contact with infected blood, especially in slaughterhouses, and handling of contam ...
... 1950–1951, an epizootic of RVF in Kenya resulted in the death of about 100,000 sheep. An RVF epizootic can lead to an epidemic among humans who are exposed to diseased animals. Risk factors for human infection include contact with infected blood, especially in slaughterhouses, and handling of contam ...
VHF Review - Case Western Reserve University
... 1950–1951, an epizootic of RVF in Kenya resulted in the death of about 100,000 sheep. An RVF epizootic can lead to an epidemic among humans who are exposed to diseased animals. Risk factors for human infection include contact with infected blood, especially in slaughterhouses, and handling of contam ...
... 1950–1951, an epizootic of RVF in Kenya resulted in the death of about 100,000 sheep. An RVF epizootic can lead to an epidemic among humans who are exposed to diseased animals. Risk factors for human infection include contact with infected blood, especially in slaughterhouses, and handling of contam ...
Landscape Epidemiology of Vector
... climate combine to delineate plant communities and therefore ecosystem structure. These biomes were first classified at a global scale in the early 1900s by Köppen, who proposed that climatic zones could be effectively defined by their resulting plant communities. This classification system was updated ...
... climate combine to delineate plant communities and therefore ecosystem structure. These biomes were first classified at a global scale in the early 1900s by Köppen, who proposed that climatic zones could be effectively defined by their resulting plant communities. This classification system was updated ...
French Scallops: A New Host for Ostreid Herpesvirus-1
... Pecten maximus, larvae in a Breton commercial hatchery in France. Scallop aquaculture was developed locally in Brittany for restocking natural French environments, as this species had been seriously depleted in the 1980s owing to intense fishing pressure and unfavourable meteorological conditions. B ...
... Pecten maximus, larvae in a Breton commercial hatchery in France. Scallop aquaculture was developed locally in Brittany for restocking natural French environments, as this species had been seriously depleted in the 1980s owing to intense fishing pressure and unfavourable meteorological conditions. B ...
Computer virus / Unauthorized Computer Access Incident Report for
... attention (see Table 2-1). Some of them have been identified as attacks from neighboring countries and thought to have been carried out in parallel with website defacement. According to various news reports, as for a series of website defacement cases that took place in this time, many of them were ...
... attention (see Table 2-1). Some of them have been identified as attacks from neighboring countries and thought to have been carried out in parallel with website defacement. According to various news reports, as for a series of website defacement cases that took place in this time, many of them were ...
African horse sickness
... Dr. Thierry Work lectured on wildlife disease investigation techniques at Universidad de ...
... Dr. Thierry Work lectured on wildlife disease investigation techniques at Universidad de ...
Human Ebola virus infection in West Africa: a
... been biochemically disrupted or cells lacking NPC1 showed resistance to the EBOV infection. Cells from subjects with NPC1 disease were resistant to the EBOV because of defects in the NPC1 protein [35-38]. After complete fusion of the viral and host endosomal membranes via conformational change in GP ...
... been biochemically disrupted or cells lacking NPC1 showed resistance to the EBOV infection. Cells from subjects with NPC1 disease were resistant to the EBOV because of defects in the NPC1 protein [35-38]. After complete fusion of the viral and host endosomal membranes via conformational change in GP ...
Urbanization and Vector-Borne Disease Emergence
... in latrines and artificial containers. The related Culex sitiens group, which are known for their preference to pipiens and Culex pipiens molestus also has a pref- breed in rice fields, where the wading hosts often are erence for urban areas (Epstein, 2001, Weitzel et al., present. This has caused J ...
... in latrines and artificial containers. The related Culex sitiens group, which are known for their preference to pipiens and Culex pipiens molestus also has a pref- breed in rice fields, where the wading hosts often are erence for urban areas (Epstein, 2001, Weitzel et al., present. This has caused J ...
Viral infections in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
... have frequent exacerbations, severe exacerbations and require a prolonged time to recover from symptoms. In the London cohort, respiratory viruses were associated with a median symptom recovery time of 13 days compared with a median symptom recovery time of 6 days for non-viral exacerbations [6]. Re ...
... have frequent exacerbations, severe exacerbations and require a prolonged time to recover from symptoms. In the London cohort, respiratory viruses were associated with a median symptom recovery time of 13 days compared with a median symptom recovery time of 6 days for non-viral exacerbations [6]. Re ...
Infectious Diseases of Poverty
... covered by a heavily glycosylated “glycan cap.” The transmembrane GP2 contains a helical heptad-repeat region, transmembrane anchor, and a 4-residue cytoplasmic tail. The GP2 drives fusion of the viral membrane with the endosomal membrane of the target cell. This GP1–GP2 heterodimer then assembles a ...
... covered by a heavily glycosylated “glycan cap.” The transmembrane GP2 contains a helical heptad-repeat region, transmembrane anchor, and a 4-residue cytoplasmic tail. The GP2 drives fusion of the viral membrane with the endosomal membrane of the target cell. This GP1–GP2 heterodimer then assembles a ...
Structure-dependent efficacy of infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV
... array of 260 trimers. According to this accepted model, it is likely that those trimers, comprising VP2 and VP3, would form the Y-shaped trimers found at the inner surface. VP2 is the main host protective antigen harbouring most of the neutralisation sites and has been the target protein for the dev ...
... array of 260 trimers. According to this accepted model, it is likely that those trimers, comprising VP2 and VP3, would form the Y-shaped trimers found at the inner surface. VP2 is the main host protective antigen harbouring most of the neutralisation sites and has been the target protein for the dev ...
Andrew Kim 7790-7232 The Effects of FV3 Ranavirus on the
... that infection was found in 83% of his 33 sample ponds. (Hoverman et al. 2011) FV3 is capable of surviving outside of a host in an aquatic environment for extended periods of time and remains virulent during this time. (Blaustein et al. 2012) A bullfrog that is swimming in water contaminated by an ...
... that infection was found in 83% of his 33 sample ponds. (Hoverman et al. 2011) FV3 is capable of surviving outside of a host in an aquatic environment for extended periods of time and remains virulent during this time. (Blaustein et al. 2012) A bullfrog that is swimming in water contaminated by an ...
Biosafety Considerations for Research with Lentiviral Vectors Background:
... • the inherent biological containment of the animal host, if relevant, • negative RCL testing (see section below) General containment considerations: Either BL2 containment or enhanced BL2 containment is often appropriate in the laboratory setting for research involving the use of advanced lentiviru ...
... • the inherent biological containment of the animal host, if relevant, • negative RCL testing (see section below) General containment considerations: Either BL2 containment or enhanced BL2 containment is often appropriate in the laboratory setting for research involving the use of advanced lentiviru ...
Induction of protective immunity in chickens vaccinated with
... antibody and it has also been identified as a major inducer of protective immune responses (Cavanagh et al., 1984 ; Koch et al., 1990 ; Mockett et al., 1984). Chickens vaccinated with inactivated urea-treated IBV, which lacked the S1 glycoprotein, failed to induce protection in the trachea of chicke ...
... antibody and it has also been identified as a major inducer of protective immune responses (Cavanagh et al., 1984 ; Koch et al., 1990 ; Mockett et al., 1984). Chickens vaccinated with inactivated urea-treated IBV, which lacked the S1 glycoprotein, failed to induce protection in the trachea of chicke ...
Influenza A virus
Influenza A virus causes influenza in birds and some mammals, and is the only species of influenza virus A. Influenza virus A is a genus of the Orthomyxoviridae family of viruses. Strains of all subtypes of influenza A virus have been isolated from wild birds, although disease is uncommon. Some isolates of influenza A virus cause severe disease both in domestic poultry and, rarely, in humans. Occasionally, viruses are transmitted from wild aquatic birds to domestic poultry, and this may cause an outbreak or give rise to human influenza pandemics.Influenza A viruses are negative-sense, single-stranded, segmented RNA viruses.The several subtypes are labeled according to an H number (for the type of hemagglutinin) and an N number (for the type of neuraminidase). There are 18 different known H antigens (H1 to H18) and 11 different known N antigens (N1 to N11). H17 was isolated from fruit bats in 2012. H18N11 was discovered in a Peruvian bat in 2013.Each virus subtype has mutated into a variety of strains with differing pathogenic profiles; some are pathogenic to one species but not others, some are pathogenic to multiple species.A filtered and purified influenza A vaccine for humans has been developed, and many countries have stockpiled it to allow a quick administration to the population in the event of an avian influenza pandemic. Avian influenza is sometimes called avian flu, and colloquially, bird flu. In 2011, researchers reported the discovery of an antibody effective against all types of the influenza A virus.