AtCSLD3, A Cellulose Synthase-Like Gene
... growing -1,4-d-glucan chain. Accessory proteins may facilitate the secretion of the growing cellulose chain through the plasma membrane. Putative regulatory components and crystallization units may be part of the complex (Delmer, 1999). Cellulose synthase complexes are visible as rosette-like struc ...
... growing -1,4-d-glucan chain. Accessory proteins may facilitate the secretion of the growing cellulose chain through the plasma membrane. Putative regulatory components and crystallization units may be part of the complex (Delmer, 1999). Cellulose synthase complexes are visible as rosette-like struc ...
Transcriptional repression by MYB3R proteins regulates plant organ
... information. It appears that the guard cell phenotype depends on simultaneous loss of MYB3R1/4 and is not affected by loss of MYB3R3/5 function. However, loss of MYB3R3/5 function increases KN expression, which according to a previous publication from co-authors should complement the defect. The aut ...
... information. It appears that the guard cell phenotype depends on simultaneous loss of MYB3R1/4 and is not affected by loss of MYB3R3/5 function. However, loss of MYB3R3/5 function increases KN expression, which according to a previous publication from co-authors should complement the defect. The aut ...
Cytoskeletal Drugs and Gravity-Induced Lateral Auxin Transport in
... Microtubular drugs interfere with various steps of the presumed gravitropic transduction chain. The results presented will be discussed in the context of the following hypothesis proposed to account for the transduction from mechanical force of statoliths to local stimulation of auxin export. Moveme ...
... Microtubular drugs interfere with various steps of the presumed gravitropic transduction chain. The results presented will be discussed in the context of the following hypothesis proposed to account for the transduction from mechanical force of statoliths to local stimulation of auxin export. Moveme ...
The origin of early primitive streak - Development
... anterolateral migration of mesoderm (Fig. 1B). These sites were specifically selected to test the three models proposed for the genesis of the primitive streak in the in vitro fate map studies (Fig. 1A). The predicted pattern of labeled cell distribution in each model is summarized in Fig. 1C. In th ...
... anterolateral migration of mesoderm (Fig. 1B). These sites were specifically selected to test the three models proposed for the genesis of the primitive streak in the in vitro fate map studies (Fig. 1A). The predicted pattern of labeled cell distribution in each model is summarized in Fig. 1C. In th ...
Study of reactive oxygen species-induced ion transport in different models by using
... (GSH), tocopherol, flavonoids, alkaloids and carotenoids (Apell & Hirt, 2004). ...
... (GSH), tocopherol, flavonoids, alkaloids and carotenoids (Apell & Hirt, 2004). ...
Levels of Ycg1 Limit Condensin Function during the Cell Cycle
... comprised of five protein subunits: two core ATPase subunits (Smc2 and Smc4), a kleisin subunit (CAP-H/Brn1), and two HEAT-repeat subunits (CAP-G/Ycg1 and CAP-D2/Ycs4), each of which is essential for complex function and cell viability [5–8]. Mammalian cells have two condensin complexes, condensin I ...
... comprised of five protein subunits: two core ATPase subunits (Smc2 and Smc4), a kleisin subunit (CAP-H/Brn1), and two HEAT-repeat subunits (CAP-G/Ycg1 and CAP-D2/Ycs4), each of which is essential for complex function and cell viability [5–8]. Mammalian cells have two condensin complexes, condensin I ...
Microtubule Independent Vesiculation of Golgi Membranes and the
... cytoskeletal elements such as actin filaments and intermediate filaments are not affected by IQ. Microtubules have been implicated in some vesicle fusion events as well as in some steps of the secretory pathway, yet other transport and fusion events occur normally in the absence of polymerized micro ...
... cytoskeletal elements such as actin filaments and intermediate filaments are not affected by IQ. Microtubules have been implicated in some vesicle fusion events as well as in some steps of the secretory pathway, yet other transport and fusion events occur normally in the absence of polymerized micro ...
Cellulose Biosynthesis in Oomycetes
... form coenocytic hyphae. The cell wall of Oomycetes, as opposed to that of fungi, contains cellulose. Most stages in the Oomycete life cycles are diploid (Hardham, 2007). Oomycetes have evolved a saphrophytic and sometimes pathogenic life style. Some species combine both life styles, ...
... form coenocytic hyphae. The cell wall of Oomycetes, as opposed to that of fungi, contains cellulose. Most stages in the Oomycete life cycles are diploid (Hardham, 2007). Oomycetes have evolved a saphrophytic and sometimes pathogenic life style. Some species combine both life styles, ...
Redistribution of membrane proteins between the Golgi apparatus
... secretory pathway, to either the cell surface or the vacuolar system, is via the Golgi apparatus (Hawes et al., 1999a). Likewise, it has been suggested that the vectorial transport of material out of the ER is mediated by membranebounded vesicles (Movafeghi et al., 1999; Pimpl et al., 2000) as is th ...
... secretory pathway, to either the cell surface or the vacuolar system, is via the Golgi apparatus (Hawes et al., 1999a). Likewise, it has been suggested that the vectorial transport of material out of the ER is mediated by membranebounded vesicles (Movafeghi et al., 1999; Pimpl et al., 2000) as is th ...
vascular tissue differentiation and pattern formation in plants
... the plant hormones auxin and cytokinin are important for vascular differentiation (3, 77). A number of proteins and genes involved in different stages of tracheary element formation such as secondary wall thickening and cell death have been characterized using biochemical and subtractive hybridizati ...
... the plant hormones auxin and cytokinin are important for vascular differentiation (3, 77). A number of proteins and genes involved in different stages of tracheary element formation such as secondary wall thickening and cell death have been characterized using biochemical and subtractive hybridizati ...
Patent ductus arteriosus in mice with smooth muscle
... after birth to establish the adult circulation pattern. Failure of the ductus arteriosus to close after birth is termed patent ductus arteriosus and is one of the most common congenital heart defects. Mice with smooth muscle cell-specific deletion of Jag1, which encodes a Notch ligand, die postnatal ...
... after birth to establish the adult circulation pattern. Failure of the ductus arteriosus to close after birth is termed patent ductus arteriosus and is one of the most common congenital heart defects. Mice with smooth muscle cell-specific deletion of Jag1, which encodes a Notch ligand, die postnatal ...
UNIT 1 – FORCE AND MOTION (SEPUP Force and
... B-2.1 Recall the three major tenets of cell theory (all living things are composed of one or more cells; cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things; and all presently existing cells arose from previously existing cells). B-2.2 Summarize the structures and functions of organ ...
... B-2.1 Recall the three major tenets of cell theory (all living things are composed of one or more cells; cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things; and all presently existing cells arose from previously existing cells). B-2.2 Summarize the structures and functions of organ ...
Biological Properties of Tinospora crispa (Akar Patawali) and Its
... bodily antioxidant systems that are able to control the free radical mediated oxidative damage, under conditions of severe oxidative stress however, cellular defenses do not provide complete protection from the attack of reactive oxidants (Ames, Shigenaga & Hagen, 1993). This phenomenon leads to the ...
... bodily antioxidant systems that are able to control the free radical mediated oxidative damage, under conditions of severe oxidative stress however, cellular defenses do not provide complete protection from the attack of reactive oxidants (Ames, Shigenaga & Hagen, 1993). This phenomenon leads to the ...
ANALYSIS OF A BACTERIAL SERINE/THREONINE KINASE
... regulatory networks, posttranslational modification of proteins by phosphorylation is a major regulatory mechanism for both eukaryotic and prokaryotic organisms (Johnson and Lewis, 2001; Kennelly, 2003). ...
... regulatory networks, posttranslational modification of proteins by phosphorylation is a major regulatory mechanism for both eukaryotic and prokaryotic organisms (Johnson and Lewis, 2001; Kennelly, 2003). ...
Root Hairs. Plant Cell Monographs.
... fluorescent antibodies, fluorescence in situ hybridization as well as confocal scanning laser microscopy, have greatly aided our investigation of the rhizosphere (see references in Wagner et al. 2003). Moreover, metagenomic analyses of rhizosphere organisms are beginning to uncover the incredible di ...
... fluorescent antibodies, fluorescence in situ hybridization as well as confocal scanning laser microscopy, have greatly aided our investigation of the rhizosphere (see references in Wagner et al. 2003). Moreover, metagenomic analyses of rhizosphere organisms are beginning to uncover the incredible di ...
Biogenesis, Turnover, and Mode of Action of Plant
... some of the mysteries behind the miRNAs themselves, such as how they are made and how they regulate target genes. Early studies focused on identifying proteins responsible for the catalysis of miRNA processing, modification, and target cleavage. miRNAs are excised from stem-loop structures within lar ...
... some of the mysteries behind the miRNAs themselves, such as how they are made and how they regulate target genes. Early studies focused on identifying proteins responsible for the catalysis of miRNA processing, modification, and target cleavage. miRNAs are excised from stem-loop structures within lar ...
Merlin and Expanded interact - Development
... the actin cytoskeleton through an N-terminal binding region (Xu and Gutmann, 1998). Consistent with this observation, overexpression of Merlin in vertebrate cultured cells causes transient alterations in the F-actin cytoskeleton (Gutmann et al., 1999). Work from several laboratories indicates that M ...
... the actin cytoskeleton through an N-terminal binding region (Xu and Gutmann, 1998). Consistent with this observation, overexpression of Merlin in vertebrate cultured cells causes transient alterations in the F-actin cytoskeleton (Gutmann et al., 1999). Work from several laboratories indicates that M ...
A leucine aminopeptidase is involved in kinetoplast DNA
... Kinetoplast (k) DNA is one of the hallmarks of the family Kinetoplastea, and is a unique form of mitochondrial (mt) DNA. Kinetoplastids are a species-rich group, which includes numerous obligatory parasitic trypanosomatids, such as Trypanosoma brucei, T. cruzi and Leishmania spp., causative agents o ...
... Kinetoplast (k) DNA is one of the hallmarks of the family Kinetoplastea, and is a unique form of mitochondrial (mt) DNA. Kinetoplastids are a species-rich group, which includes numerous obligatory parasitic trypanosomatids, such as Trypanosoma brucei, T. cruzi and Leishmania spp., causative agents o ...
The Activity of a Developmentally Regulated Cysteine Proteinase Is
... (3, 4). Cyst wall formation in Giardia is an interesting biological problem because the synthesis of cyst wall components takes place within the cell, but their deposit and fibrillar organization occur extracellularly. In consequence, there must be particular mechanisms to carry the precursors and t ...
... (3, 4). Cyst wall formation in Giardia is an interesting biological problem because the synthesis of cyst wall components takes place within the cell, but their deposit and fibrillar organization occur extracellularly. In consequence, there must be particular mechanisms to carry the precursors and t ...
owner`s manual
... be sized to handle the added tension. Models SHN40 and SHN-50 may be suspended by rods but are not approved for chain hanging. ...
... be sized to handle the added tension. Models SHN40 and SHN-50 may be suspended by rods but are not approved for chain hanging. ...
Distinct Cellular Expression Pattern of Annexins in Hydra vulgaris
... a head at one end and a foot at the other. The head consists of the hypostome, a domelike mouth structure surrounded by a ring of tentacles. The foot is a disc of cells that secrete a sticky substance which anchors the animal to surfaces. The body consists of a gastric cavity that is surrounded by t ...
... a head at one end and a foot at the other. The head consists of the hypostome, a domelike mouth structure surrounded by a ring of tentacles. The foot is a disc of cells that secrete a sticky substance which anchors the animal to surfaces. The body consists of a gastric cavity that is surrounded by t ...
Cytoplasmic and cortical reorganizations of the ascidian zygote
... 3102 F. Roegiers and others the ectopic site (reviewed by Nishida, 1997). In such experiments one presumably deletes or transfers determinants and/or functional structures residing in different cortical and cytoplasmic domains. The relocalizations in the ascidian zygote are thought to occur in two ...
... 3102 F. Roegiers and others the ectopic site (reviewed by Nishida, 1997). In such experiments one presumably deletes or transfers determinants and/or functional structures residing in different cortical and cytoplasmic domains. The relocalizations in the ascidian zygote are thought to occur in two ...
Isolated cell behavior drives the evolution of
... to cell death and the failure to form macroscopic colonies on agar. We next compared the antibiotic concentration required to prevent colony formation after overnight growth with the scMIC measured in liquid culture. These quantities should be equivalent: each colony observed on an agar plate develo ...
... to cell death and the failure to form macroscopic colonies on agar. We next compared the antibiotic concentration required to prevent colony formation after overnight growth with the scMIC measured in liquid culture. These quantities should be equivalent: each colony observed on an agar plate develo ...
Chapter 14 - Antimicrobials
... effects of both • An example is a drug containing amoxicillin and clavulanic acid (which binds to beta-lactamase to prevent the beta-lactam ring from being destroyed) © 2004 by Thomson Delmar Learning, a part of the Thomson Corporation. ...
... effects of both • An example is a drug containing amoxicillin and clavulanic acid (which binds to beta-lactamase to prevent the beta-lactam ring from being destroyed) © 2004 by Thomson Delmar Learning, a part of the Thomson Corporation. ...
Ouabain-Insensitive Na+-ATPase Activity in Trypanosoma cruzi
... It has been observed that the second sodium pump is a ouabain- and K+-insensitive N a+ stim ulated ATPase activity. To investigate the presence of this enzyme in T. cruzi epimastigotes CL14 clone and Y strain the parasites, previously treated with deoxycholate, were assayed for Na+-ATPase activity ...
... It has been observed that the second sodium pump is a ouabain- and K+-insensitive N a+ stim ulated ATPase activity. To investigate the presence of this enzyme in T. cruzi epimastigotes CL14 clone and Y strain the parasites, previously treated with deoxycholate, were assayed for Na+-ATPase activity ...
Cytokinesis
Cytokinesis (cyto- + kinesis) is the process during cell division in which the cytoplasm of a single eukaryotic cell is divided to form two daughter cells. It usually initiates during the early stages of mitosis, and sometimes meiosis, splitting a mitotic cell in two, to ensure that chromosome number is maintained from one generation to the next. After cytokinesis two (daughter) cells will be formed that are exact copies of the (parent) original cell. After cytokinesis, each daughter cell is in the interphase portion of the cell cycle. In animal cells, one notable exception to the normal process of cytokinesis is oogenesis (the creation of an ovum in the ovarian follicle of the ovary), where the ovum takes almost all the cytoplasm and organelles, leaving very little for the resulting polar bodies, which then die. Another form of mitosis without cytokinesis occurs in the liver, yielding multinucleate cells. In plant cells, a dividing structure known as the cell plate forms within the centre of the cytoplasm and a new cell wall forms between the two daughter cells.Cytokinesis is distinguished from the prokaryotic process of binary fission.