Short-Lived and Phosphorylated Proteins
... phosphorylation status of the transport system. A possible role of protein Tyr kinase has been proposed for the phytotropin-binding protein because inhibitors of Tyr kinase activity antagonized NPA-induced inhibition of auxin efflux in zucchini hypocotyl segments (Bernasconi, 1996). However, the rcn ...
... phosphorylation status of the transport system. A possible role of protein Tyr kinase has been proposed for the phytotropin-binding protein because inhibitors of Tyr kinase activity antagonized NPA-induced inhibition of auxin efflux in zucchini hypocotyl segments (Bernasconi, 1996). However, the rcn ...
Cyclooxygenase-2 Contributes to N-Methyl-D-aspartate
... reaction, the genes encoding the different isoforms differ in their regulation at the transcriptional level. COX-1 is constitutively synthesized in many tissues, whereas COX-2, which is normally undetectable in most tissues, can be rapidly induced by proinflammatory cytokines in vitro or after infla ...
... reaction, the genes encoding the different isoforms differ in their regulation at the transcriptional level. COX-1 is constitutively synthesized in many tissues, whereas COX-2, which is normally undetectable in most tissues, can be rapidly induced by proinflammatory cytokines in vitro or after infla ...
Age associated changes in erythrocyte membrane surface charge
... effect of aging in studies concerning the possible involvement of free radicals. The erythrocyte cell membrane has a total negative electric charge, which determines the correct course of many processes like transport of metabolic substrates and products through ionic pumps, carriers and membrane ch ...
... effect of aging in studies concerning the possible involvement of free radicals. The erythrocyte cell membrane has a total negative electric charge, which determines the correct course of many processes like transport of metabolic substrates and products through ionic pumps, carriers and membrane ch ...
Complement - microbiology and immunology on-line
... Activation product of complement proteins (nomenclature) Activated component are usually over-lined: e.g. C1qrs When enzymatically cleaved, the larger moiety, binds to the activation complex or membrane and the smaller peptide is released in the ...
... Activation product of complement proteins (nomenclature) Activated component are usually over-lined: e.g. C1qrs When enzymatically cleaved, the larger moiety, binds to the activation complex or membrane and the smaller peptide is released in the ...
Second Messengers Mediate Increases in Cytosolic Calcium in
... Reddy, 1990). An increase in [Ca21]cyt detected by Ca21 microelectrodes, Ca21-sensitive fluorescence probes, and extrinsic and intrinsic aequorin (Cobbold and Rink, 1987; Chae et al., 1990; Knight et al., 1991; Shacklock et al., 1992), followed by the alteration of the activities of intercellular ta ...
... Reddy, 1990). An increase in [Ca21]cyt detected by Ca21 microelectrodes, Ca21-sensitive fluorescence probes, and extrinsic and intrinsic aequorin (Cobbold and Rink, 1987; Chae et al., 1990; Knight et al., 1991; Shacklock et al., 1992), followed by the alteration of the activities of intercellular ta ...
Mating behavior, male sensory cilia, and polycystins
... come in a variety of shapes and sizes. For example, in contrast to the simple structure of most primary cilia, the retinal rods and cones in which phototransduction occurs are large and elaborately shaped cilia [4]. The cilia of the olfactory epithelium, in which odor transduction takes place, have ...
... come in a variety of shapes and sizes. For example, in contrast to the simple structure of most primary cilia, the retinal rods and cones in which phototransduction occurs are large and elaborately shaped cilia [4]. The cilia of the olfactory epithelium, in which odor transduction takes place, have ...
Physiology Review Sheet
... o in parallel = ↑ force o series = ↑ velocity, shortening capacity, and tension cost (ATPase) Factors influencing total force developed o [Ca2+]I -- # of activated actin filaments o # of crossbridges overlapped o # of crossbridges able to interact limited by speed o spatial summation due to motor ...
... o in parallel = ↑ force o series = ↑ velocity, shortening capacity, and tension cost (ATPase) Factors influencing total force developed o [Ca2+]I -- # of activated actin filaments o # of crossbridges overlapped o # of crossbridges able to interact limited by speed o spatial summation due to motor ...
Mitochondria in lung biology and pathology: more than - AJP-Lung
... important limitation of the fluorescent chemical probes. Specifically, ratiometric sensors provide a signal that is independent of the light intensity used to excite the probe. Importantly, studies using HSP-FRET expressed in pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells confirmed the previous observation th ...
... important limitation of the fluorescent chemical probes. Specifically, ratiometric sensors provide a signal that is independent of the light intensity used to excite the probe. Importantly, studies using HSP-FRET expressed in pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells confirmed the previous observation th ...
An Empirical Study of End-User Behaviour in Spreadsheet Error
... In this experiment subjects inspected the spreadsheets individually; there was no group code inspection phase of any kind. In an attempt to determine what the average error correction yield might have been if individuals had been placed in groups of three, all combinations of three students were cre ...
... In this experiment subjects inspected the spreadsheets individually; there was no group code inspection phase of any kind. In an attempt to determine what the average error correction yield might have been if individuals had been placed in groups of three, all combinations of three students were cre ...
Title Soybean extracts increase cell surface ZIP4 abundance and
... and neurological disorders [4-6]. Zinc deficiency is a serious nutritional problem in developing countries [7-9], and recent studies have reported individuals with marginal zinc deficiencies and a suboptimal zinc status in both less developed and industrialized countries [5, 10]. In particular, elde ...
... and neurological disorders [4-6]. Zinc deficiency is a serious nutritional problem in developing countries [7-9], and recent studies have reported individuals with marginal zinc deficiencies and a suboptimal zinc status in both less developed and industrialized countries [5, 10]. In particular, elde ...
A three-stage model of Golgi structure and function
... The depiction of the ERGIC is based on serial thin-section electron microscopy (Bannykh and Balch 1997). (1) Cisternal Assembly Stage COPII vesicles bud from the ER and fuse homotypically to form ERGIC elements next to ER exit sites. ER-resident proteins are recycled from ERGIC elements to the ER vi ...
... The depiction of the ERGIC is based on serial thin-section electron microscopy (Bannykh and Balch 1997). (1) Cisternal Assembly Stage COPII vesicles bud from the ER and fuse homotypically to form ERGIC elements next to ER exit sites. ER-resident proteins are recycled from ERGIC elements to the ER vi ...
Involvement of Calcium Ion in the Stimulated Shoot Elongation of
... Anaerobic responses of seed plants at the molecular level have been extensively investigated in studies on root growth of crop plants (Perata and Alpi 1993). In maize roots (Sachs et al. 1996), anaerobic treatment induces specific expression of about 20 genes encoding anaerobic proteins (ANPs) after ...
... Anaerobic responses of seed plants at the molecular level have been extensively investigated in studies on root growth of crop plants (Perata and Alpi 1993). In maize roots (Sachs et al. 1996), anaerobic treatment induces specific expression of about 20 genes encoding anaerobic proteins (ANPs) after ...
Integration of the olfactory code across dendritic
... is organized similarly to more complex organisms, it is numerically simpler and has been mapped with cellular resolution. Sensory input comes in from a large set of olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs), each of which has a particular chemical sensitivity1,2. These inputs are organized into distinct cha ...
... is organized similarly to more complex organisms, it is numerically simpler and has been mapped with cellular resolution. Sensory input comes in from a large set of olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs), each of which has a particular chemical sensitivity1,2. These inputs are organized into distinct cha ...
The Relation Between Scale and the Completeness of Pattern in
... choose between however many alternative pathways of development are available to them. It is important to distinguish between, on the one hand, the abstract idea or formalism of the positional information gradient which seems to flow naturally from the empirical observations of pattern polarity and ...
... choose between however many alternative pathways of development are available to them. It is important to distinguish between, on the one hand, the abstract idea or formalism of the positional information gradient which seems to flow naturally from the empirical observations of pattern polarity and ...
Part2
... Remark: This analysis does a very good job in predicting when irregular activity arises in larger networks. ...
... Remark: This analysis does a very good job in predicting when irregular activity arises in larger networks. ...
Role of the RNA-binding protein Roquin in immune homeostasis
... stressed cells [8]. Interestingly, the carboxy-terminus of Roquin showed a high frequency of glutamine and asparagine residues. As reported for other PBcomponents [14], this region of Roquin is important for its correct localization to the PBs, but not to arsenite-induced SGs. PBs are structures hig ...
... stressed cells [8]. Interestingly, the carboxy-terminus of Roquin showed a high frequency of glutamine and asparagine residues. As reported for other PBcomponents [14], this region of Roquin is important for its correct localization to the PBs, but not to arsenite-induced SGs. PBs are structures hig ...
Classes of programmed cell death in plants
... plasmodesmata (van Doorn et al., 2003). Such closure might prevent sugars from passing from cell to cell and thus might lead to a lack of ATP if sugars are also not loaded into the cell from the apoplast. Tulip petal PCD (senescence) has been shown to be related to early ATP depletion (Azad et al., ...
... plasmodesmata (van Doorn et al., 2003). Such closure might prevent sugars from passing from cell to cell and thus might lead to a lack of ATP if sugars are also not loaded into the cell from the apoplast. Tulip petal PCD (senescence) has been shown to be related to early ATP depletion (Azad et al., ...
Sphingolipid homeostasis in the web of metabolic routes
... human diseases generated by the defects in these pathways [3]. 2.3. Regulation of sphingolipid synthesis Although SLs are essential players in cell homeostasis the regulatory mechanisms controlling this pathway have only recently begun to emerge. The initial advances in the network of enzymatic cont ...
... human diseases generated by the defects in these pathways [3]. 2.3. Regulation of sphingolipid synthesis Although SLs are essential players in cell homeostasis the regulatory mechanisms controlling this pathway have only recently begun to emerge. The initial advances in the network of enzymatic cont ...
Running Head: Superresolution of cortical
... dimers and it might prove a useful source for fluorescence speckled microscopy (Salmon & ...
... dimers and it might prove a useful source for fluorescence speckled microscopy (Salmon & ...
AUTOPHAGIC VACUOLES PRODUCED IN VITRO
... (Fig. 5) showed a distinct limiting membrane and a content of amorphous material, tiny vesicles, and small dense bodies resembling those seen in dilated terminal smooth ER of the normal cell (see above). The vacuoles in other affected cells were larger and highly irregular in shape (Fig. 6). More se ...
... (Fig. 5) showed a distinct limiting membrane and a content of amorphous material, tiny vesicles, and small dense bodies resembling those seen in dilated terminal smooth ER of the normal cell (see above). The vacuoles in other affected cells were larger and highly irregular in shape (Fig. 6). More se ...
dravhandling-hafte - DUO
... sequential manner involving both coated vesicular and tubular carriers. Secretory proteins must be sorted from residential ones and become enriched in transport carriers before undergoing the next step. All proteins in this pathway, whether resident or in transit, originate in the ER lumen. Secretor ...
... sequential manner involving both coated vesicular and tubular carriers. Secretory proteins must be sorted from residential ones and become enriched in transport carriers before undergoing the next step. All proteins in this pathway, whether resident or in transit, originate in the ER lumen. Secretor ...
Loss of PTEN Promotes Tumor Development in
... process in melanoma tumorigenesis and has been reported to contribute to the development of 30 – 60% of noninherited melanomas (9, 10). The alteration usually entails loss of an entire chromosome 10 homologue, because it is easier for melanoma cells to lose the intact chromosome than to undergo mult ...
... process in melanoma tumorigenesis and has been reported to contribute to the development of 30 – 60% of noninherited melanomas (9, 10). The alteration usually entails loss of an entire chromosome 10 homologue, because it is easier for melanoma cells to lose the intact chromosome than to undergo mult ...
Interplay Between Phospholipids and
... membranes. The extra-plastidial phospholipid-to-DGDG replacement occurs in plasma membrane, tonoplast and mitochondria and has led to discoveries of new enzymes and metabolic pathways in plants. This thesis reports that phosphate limitation-induced biochemical and lipid compositional changes in oat ...
... membranes. The extra-plastidial phospholipid-to-DGDG replacement occurs in plasma membrane, tonoplast and mitochondria and has led to discoveries of new enzymes and metabolic pathways in plants. This thesis reports that phosphate limitation-induced biochemical and lipid compositional changes in oat ...
The Type B Phosphatidylinositol-4-Phosphate 5
... Meijer and Munnik, 2003), required for Ca2þ release from internal stores in both animal (Berridge, 1993) and plant cells (Alexandre and Lassalles, 1990; Allen et al., 1995; Sanders et al., 2002). Obviously, regulatory functions described for PtdIns(4,5)P2 include some of those required for a regulat ...
... Meijer and Munnik, 2003), required for Ca2þ release from internal stores in both animal (Berridge, 1993) and plant cells (Alexandre and Lassalles, 1990; Allen et al., 1995; Sanders et al., 2002). Obviously, regulatory functions described for PtdIns(4,5)P2 include some of those required for a regulat ...
AtCSLD3, A Cellulose Synthase-Like Gene
... growing -1,4-d-glucan chain. Accessory proteins may facilitate the secretion of the growing cellulose chain through the plasma membrane. Putative regulatory components and crystallization units may be part of the complex (Delmer, 1999). Cellulose synthase complexes are visible as rosette-like struc ...
... growing -1,4-d-glucan chain. Accessory proteins may facilitate the secretion of the growing cellulose chain through the plasma membrane. Putative regulatory components and crystallization units may be part of the complex (Delmer, 1999). Cellulose synthase complexes are visible as rosette-like struc ...
Cytokinesis
Cytokinesis (cyto- + kinesis) is the process during cell division in which the cytoplasm of a single eukaryotic cell is divided to form two daughter cells. It usually initiates during the early stages of mitosis, and sometimes meiosis, splitting a mitotic cell in two, to ensure that chromosome number is maintained from one generation to the next. After cytokinesis two (daughter) cells will be formed that are exact copies of the (parent) original cell. After cytokinesis, each daughter cell is in the interphase portion of the cell cycle. In animal cells, one notable exception to the normal process of cytokinesis is oogenesis (the creation of an ovum in the ovarian follicle of the ovary), where the ovum takes almost all the cytoplasm and organelles, leaving very little for the resulting polar bodies, which then die. Another form of mitosis without cytokinesis occurs in the liver, yielding multinucleate cells. In plant cells, a dividing structure known as the cell plate forms within the centre of the cytoplasm and a new cell wall forms between the two daughter cells.Cytokinesis is distinguished from the prokaryotic process of binary fission.