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... random and phasic models require RPCs to possess multiple competence states simultaneously, whereas the stepwise model suggests that an RPC adopts a single competence state at a given time to allow the production of a specific cell type. Besides ordered cell genesis, these models make different pred ...
... random and phasic models require RPCs to possess multiple competence states simultaneously, whereas the stepwise model suggests that an RPC adopts a single competence state at a given time to allow the production of a specific cell type. Besides ordered cell genesis, these models make different pred ...
Stochastic Responses May Allow Genetically Diverse Cell
... diversity, we consider a model of T cell interactions and their outcomes which abstracts general features observed in experiments. Motivated by experiment, we focus on naive T cells and their decisions to activate, as opposed to other T cell subsets or lineage commitment decisions. The naı̈ve T cell ...
... diversity, we consider a model of T cell interactions and their outcomes which abstracts general features observed in experiments. Motivated by experiment, we focus on naive T cells and their decisions to activate, as opposed to other T cell subsets or lineage commitment decisions. The naı̈ve T cell ...
Ch 9 modified
... occurs by several different mechanisms • 3 different mechanisms have been proposed – Curvature-inducing proteins – Modification of membrane phospholipids – Phospholipid asymmetry ...
... occurs by several different mechanisms • 3 different mechanisms have been proposed – Curvature-inducing proteins – Modification of membrane phospholipids – Phospholipid asymmetry ...
Unlinked Noncomplementation: Isolation of New Conditional-Lethal Mutations in Each of the Tubulin Genes of Saccharomyces cerevisiae .
... genetic difference does not reflect a functional difference in the proteins, however, as either can perform all the functions of a-tubulin if present at high enough copy number (SCHATZ, SOLOMON and BOTSTEIN 1986). This organization of a-tubulin genes is strikingly similar to that observed in the dis ...
... genetic difference does not reflect a functional difference in the proteins, however, as either can perform all the functions of a-tubulin if present at high enough copy number (SCHATZ, SOLOMON and BOTSTEIN 1986). This organization of a-tubulin genes is strikingly similar to that observed in the dis ...
ppt - Chair of Computational Biology
... Thus, output from the current cycle constitutes an input into subsequent cycles. The interdependence between nuclear and cytoplasmic oscillator elements we describe for cAMP also occurs in the case of Ca2+ and cADPR. This highlights an important newly recognized common logic to circadian pacemaking ...
... Thus, output from the current cycle constitutes an input into subsequent cycles. The interdependence between nuclear and cytoplasmic oscillator elements we describe for cAMP also occurs in the case of Ca2+ and cADPR. This highlights an important newly recognized common logic to circadian pacemaking ...
1998 warkany lecture: Signaling pathways in development
... animals (metazoa). It is a typifying characteristic of the major multicellular life forms, animals, plants, and fungi, which diverged about 1.2 billion years ago from a common ancestor descended from a lineage of unicellular life forms. In metazoa, at least 17 kinds of signal transduction pathways o ...
... animals (metazoa). It is a typifying characteristic of the major multicellular life forms, animals, plants, and fungi, which diverged about 1.2 billion years ago from a common ancestor descended from a lineage of unicellular life forms. In metazoa, at least 17 kinds of signal transduction pathways o ...
Cellular Automata Course outline
... – "By axiomatizing [self-replicating] automata this way, one (...) has resigned to not explain how these elements are made of real things, particularly how these elements are made up of elementary particles or even molecules (...) we will simply assume that elementary particles with certain propert ...
... – "By axiomatizing [self-replicating] automata this way, one (...) has resigned to not explain how these elements are made of real things, particularly how these elements are made up of elementary particles or even molecules (...) we will simply assume that elementary particles with certain propert ...
What is “membrane potential”
... Chapter 12 Membrane Transport Not responsible for: Nernst Equation, other than to know what it’s used for. ...
... Chapter 12 Membrane Transport Not responsible for: Nernst Equation, other than to know what it’s used for. ...
A previously uncharacterized tetratricopeptide-repeat
... Rhizobium leguminosarum is a soil bacterium that is an intracellular symbiont of leguminous plants through the formation of nitrogen-fixing root nodules. Due to the changing environments that rhizobia encounter, the cell is often faced with a variety of cell altering stressors that can compromise th ...
... Rhizobium leguminosarum is a soil bacterium that is an intracellular symbiont of leguminous plants through the formation of nitrogen-fixing root nodules. Due to the changing environments that rhizobia encounter, the cell is often faced with a variety of cell altering stressors that can compromise th ...
Phosphatidylserine, a death knell
... acts on the extracytosolic, external face of the plasma membrane to regulate intercellular interactions. Appreciation of this new role for phospholipids was galvanized by the demonstration that phosphatidylserine (PS) appears on the surface of apoptotic lymphocytes and contributes to their phagocyto ...
... acts on the extracytosolic, external face of the plasma membrane to regulate intercellular interactions. Appreciation of this new role for phospholipids was galvanized by the demonstration that phosphatidylserine (PS) appears on the surface of apoptotic lymphocytes and contributes to their phagocyto ...
Movement of Ions and Electrogenesis in Microorganisms
... between the cytoplasm of Characeae and 6), the equilibrium diffusion potentials the external medium, and that (Evat.) be- for both potassium and chloride are within tween the vacuole and the medium vary a few millivolts of the observed potential somewhat with species (Stolarek, 1968) difference acro ...
... between the cytoplasm of Characeae and 6), the equilibrium diffusion potentials the external medium, and that (Evat.) be- for both potassium and chloride are within tween the vacuole and the medium vary a few millivolts of the observed potential somewhat with species (Stolarek, 1968) difference acro ...
Amoeba and Paramecium
... Paramecium Grammers • Growth: 0.05 mm avg. • Respond: -react to chemicals – salt and vinegar -live in slightly acidic environments (stagnant H2O) -anterior end sensitive – move by trial and error ...
... Paramecium Grammers • Growth: 0.05 mm avg. • Respond: -react to chemicals – salt and vinegar -live in slightly acidic environments (stagnant H2O) -anterior end sensitive – move by trial and error ...
Studying Cell–Surface Interactions In Vitro: A Survey of
... for their ability to promote cell adhesion and to support or even induce cellular functionalities. A set of experimental approaches has been used in the past to evaluate the cyto-compatibility of a given surface. These established techniques cover a significant range of technical sophistication comp ...
... for their ability to promote cell adhesion and to support or even induce cellular functionalities. A set of experimental approaches has been used in the past to evaluate the cyto-compatibility of a given surface. These established techniques cover a significant range of technical sophistication comp ...
Chapter 13 PowerPoint
... Homologous chromosomes physically connect and exchange genetic information – At the metaphase plate, there are paired homologous chromosomes (tetrads), instead of individual replicated chromosomes – At anaphase I, it is homologous chromosomes, instead of sister chromatids, that separate ...
... Homologous chromosomes physically connect and exchange genetic information – At the metaphase plate, there are paired homologous chromosomes (tetrads), instead of individual replicated chromosomes – At anaphase I, it is homologous chromosomes, instead of sister chromatids, that separate ...
Chapter 2 Chromosomes, Mitosis, and Meiosis
... Meiosis, like mitosis, is also a necessary part of cell division. However, in meiosis not only do sister chromatids separate from each other, homologous chromosomes also separate from each other. This extra, reductional step of meiosis is essential to sexual reproduction. Without meiosis, the chromo ...
... Meiosis, like mitosis, is also a necessary part of cell division. However, in meiosis not only do sister chromatids separate from each other, homologous chromosomes also separate from each other. This extra, reductional step of meiosis is essential to sexual reproduction. Without meiosis, the chromo ...
Beyond ergosterol
... Another critical consequence of disabling V-ATPase is inhibition of filamentous growth, as was observed for the vma7-/- strain of C. albicans in the presence of serum or liquid Spider medium (with mannitol).26 Fluconazole treatment and ERG3 deletion have both been shown to inhibit filamentation,28, ...
... Another critical consequence of disabling V-ATPase is inhibition of filamentous growth, as was observed for the vma7-/- strain of C. albicans in the presence of serum or liquid Spider medium (with mannitol).26 Fluconazole treatment and ERG3 deletion have both been shown to inhibit filamentation,28, ...
PDF Full-text
... The application of reverse genetics to the protoplast-based cell wall regeneration system also provides an attractive approach for characterizing cell wall proteins. It is not easy, however, to establish a suspension culture cell line with specific genes knocked out. We therefore recently developed ...
... The application of reverse genetics to the protoplast-based cell wall regeneration system also provides an attractive approach for characterizing cell wall proteins. It is not easy, however, to establish a suspension culture cell line with specific genes knocked out. We therefore recently developed ...
Reprogramming nuclei
... as donors still produced fertile females with a 2% success rate (Gurdon and Uehlinger, 1966). Nevertheless, nuclei from adults or from cells in tissue culture could not generate such animals, although development progressed through ...
... as donors still produced fertile females with a 2% success rate (Gurdon and Uehlinger, 1966). Nevertheless, nuclei from adults or from cells in tissue culture could not generate such animals, although development progressed through ...
Cancer Prevention Strategies That Address the Evolutionary
... irrelevant) locus. If the target locus was one of the selective loci with recessive alleles, then a cell was sensitive to the booster if at least one allele was still wild-type. Other target loci, with dominant alleles, required two wild-type alleles to be sensitive. In the presence of the booster, ...
... irrelevant) locus. If the target locus was one of the selective loci with recessive alleles, then a cell was sensitive to the booster if at least one allele was still wild-type. Other target loci, with dominant alleles, required two wild-type alleles to be sensitive. In the presence of the booster, ...
Identification of Myosin XI Receptors in Arabidopsis Defines a
... Although the role of myosins in long-range vesicle transport in vertebrates has emerged only recently (Schuh, 2011), the shortrange transport of many cargoes by recycling endosomes has been shown to depend on myosin Vb, the vesicular Rab11A, and its effector Rab11-family interacting protein-2 (Wang ...
... Although the role of myosins in long-range vesicle transport in vertebrates has emerged only recently (Schuh, 2011), the shortrange transport of many cargoes by recycling endosomes has been shown to depend on myosin Vb, the vesicular Rab11A, and its effector Rab11-family interacting protein-2 (Wang ...
A comparison between nuclear dismantling during plant and animal
... Therefore, both morphological and biochemical characteristics suggest that plants and animals have developed different strategies that perform cell death. The study of PCD has been a major field of research in different animal model systems not only because it is an essential process to understand d ...
... Therefore, both morphological and biochemical characteristics suggest that plants and animals have developed different strategies that perform cell death. The study of PCD has been a major field of research in different animal model systems not only because it is an essential process to understand d ...
Protein Sorting to the Storage Vacuoles of Plants: A Critical Appraisal
... not associate with clathrin. In mammals, both dileucine as well as tyrosine motifs are recognized by AP3, whereas in yeast only dileucine signals are involved (30). It is not yet known whether a non-clathrin AP3-based trafficking pathway to the vacuole exists in plant cells. ...
... not associate with clathrin. In mammals, both dileucine as well as tyrosine motifs are recognized by AP3, whereas in yeast only dileucine signals are involved (30). It is not yet known whether a non-clathrin AP3-based trafficking pathway to the vacuole exists in plant cells. ...
Plant and animal cells
... Structure of cellulose • Like starch, cellulose is composed of a long chain of at least 500 glucose molecules. Cellulose is thus a polysaccharide. Several of these polysaccharide chains are arranged in parallel arrays to form cellulose microfibrils. • The individual polysaccharide chains are bound ...
... Structure of cellulose • Like starch, cellulose is composed of a long chain of at least 500 glucose molecules. Cellulose is thus a polysaccharide. Several of these polysaccharide chains are arranged in parallel arrays to form cellulose microfibrils. • The individual polysaccharide chains are bound ...
Cell Lineage and Fate Map of the Primary
... embryonic cells can be readily identified among distantly related animals. Spiralian embryos are particularly amenable to studies of fate-mapping, and larval fates of identified cells are conserved among diverse taxa. One cell of particular importance in spiralian development is 2d, or the primary s ...
... embryonic cells can be readily identified among distantly related animals. Spiralian embryos are particularly amenable to studies of fate-mapping, and larval fates of identified cells are conserved among diverse taxa. One cell of particular importance in spiralian development is 2d, or the primary s ...
Cytokinesis
Cytokinesis (cyto- + kinesis) is the process during cell division in which the cytoplasm of a single eukaryotic cell is divided to form two daughter cells. It usually initiates during the early stages of mitosis, and sometimes meiosis, splitting a mitotic cell in two, to ensure that chromosome number is maintained from one generation to the next. After cytokinesis two (daughter) cells will be formed that are exact copies of the (parent) original cell. After cytokinesis, each daughter cell is in the interphase portion of the cell cycle. In animal cells, one notable exception to the normal process of cytokinesis is oogenesis (the creation of an ovum in the ovarian follicle of the ovary), where the ovum takes almost all the cytoplasm and organelles, leaving very little for the resulting polar bodies, which then die. Another form of mitosis without cytokinesis occurs in the liver, yielding multinucleate cells. In plant cells, a dividing structure known as the cell plate forms within the centre of the cytoplasm and a new cell wall forms between the two daughter cells.Cytokinesis is distinguished from the prokaryotic process of binary fission.