Krebs and ETC
... Proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates are catabolized to ‘acetyl-CoA’ It can be used to make fat or ATP [ATP] determines what pathway this molecule takes If O2 is present, ‘acetyl CoA’ moves to the Kreb’s Cycle (aerobic respiration) If O2 is NOT present, ‘acetyl CoA’ becomes ‘lactate’ (anaerobic respi ...
... Proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates are catabolized to ‘acetyl-CoA’ It can be used to make fat or ATP [ATP] determines what pathway this molecule takes If O2 is present, ‘acetyl CoA’ moves to the Kreb’s Cycle (aerobic respiration) If O2 is NOT present, ‘acetyl CoA’ becomes ‘lactate’ (anaerobic respi ...
Aerobic Respiration: steps Coenzyme A
... The ETC is a series of linked redox reactions, with multiple energy drops (some captured to make ATP), ending in oxygen being reduced to water ...
... The ETC is a series of linked redox reactions, with multiple energy drops (some captured to make ATP), ending in oxygen being reduced to water ...
Questions 6 Metabolism_1
... a) A fermentation product is produced. b) The terminal cytochrome oxidase is replaced by a cytochrome reductase. c) Glucose is only partially oxidized to CO2. d) NADH dehydrogenase is replaced by NADH oxidase. 28) What can the proton motive force generated by the electron transport system be used fo ...
... a) A fermentation product is produced. b) The terminal cytochrome oxidase is replaced by a cytochrome reductase. c) Glucose is only partially oxidized to CO2. d) NADH dehydrogenase is replaced by NADH oxidase. 28) What can the proton motive force generated by the electron transport system be used fo ...
Second Sample Exam
... A) Excessive consumption of raw eggs B) Thiamine deficiency C) Dehydration D) Excessive consumption of alcohol E) Excessive consumption of carbohydrates 2. During germination, plant seedlings that must thrive on fat reserves are highly dependent on which of the following pairs of enzymes? A) Glyoxyl ...
... A) Excessive consumption of raw eggs B) Thiamine deficiency C) Dehydration D) Excessive consumption of alcohol E) Excessive consumption of carbohydrates 2. During germination, plant seedlings that must thrive on fat reserves are highly dependent on which of the following pairs of enzymes? A) Glyoxyl ...
BI 200 - Exam #2
... 30. An organism which uses CO2 as carbon source is most properly termed (a) a heterotroph (b) a chemoorganotroph (c) a lithotroph (d) an autotroph (e) a chemotroph 31. Anaerobic respiratory bacteria differ from humans and other aerobic respiratory organisms a. b. c. d. ...
... 30. An organism which uses CO2 as carbon source is most properly termed (a) a heterotroph (b) a chemoorganotroph (c) a lithotroph (d) an autotroph (e) a chemotroph 31. Anaerobic respiratory bacteria differ from humans and other aerobic respiratory organisms a. b. c. d. ...
LECTURE 9 – 20th March 2015
... to the Krebs Cycle, picks up another couple of electrons, runs back again to the Electron Transport Chain. - NADH dehydrogenase = pulls the hydrogen ion from NADH (temporary electron carrier) - The electron being passed up to one enzymes complex to another with a series of redox reaction. ...
... to the Krebs Cycle, picks up another couple of electrons, runs back again to the Electron Transport Chain. - NADH dehydrogenase = pulls the hydrogen ion from NADH (temporary electron carrier) - The electron being passed up to one enzymes complex to another with a series of redox reaction. ...
Cellular Respiration
... under anaerobic conditions, pyruvate converted by fermentation to lactic acid or ethanol occurs in cytoplasm pyruvate may enter mitochondria if oxygen available – breaks pyruvate down completely to CO2 and water generating an additional 34 to 36 ATP – aerobic respiration each step (reaction) is cata ...
... under anaerobic conditions, pyruvate converted by fermentation to lactic acid or ethanol occurs in cytoplasm pyruvate may enter mitochondria if oxygen available – breaks pyruvate down completely to CO2 and water generating an additional 34 to 36 ATP – aerobic respiration each step (reaction) is cata ...
CH 9 PowerPoint
... Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, NAD+, is a coenzyme found in all living cells. The compound is a dinucleotide, since it consists of two nucleotides joined through their phosphate groups: with one nucleotide containing an adenosine ring, and the other containing nicotinamide. In metabolism, NAD+ i ...
... Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, NAD+, is a coenzyme found in all living cells. The compound is a dinucleotide, since it consists of two nucleotides joined through their phosphate groups: with one nucleotide containing an adenosine ring, and the other containing nicotinamide. In metabolism, NAD+ i ...
outline File
... Occurs in the mitochondria NADH and FADH2 donate electrons producing ATP ATP synthase NET PRODUCTS: 34 ATP 4 H2O 7.6 Energy Yield of Aerobic Respiration TOTAL NET YIELD FROM AEROBIC RESPIRATION: Glycolysis 2ATP Krebs 2 ATP ETC 34 ATP 38 ATP Energy yield can fluctuate. ***Your textbook provides a mod ...
... Occurs in the mitochondria NADH and FADH2 donate electrons producing ATP ATP synthase NET PRODUCTS: 34 ATP 4 H2O 7.6 Energy Yield of Aerobic Respiration TOTAL NET YIELD FROM AEROBIC RESPIRATION: Glycolysis 2ATP Krebs 2 ATP ETC 34 ATP 38 ATP Energy yield can fluctuate. ***Your textbook provides a mod ...
Key Terms and Ideas: Fill in the blanks or provide a definition in your
... Key Terms and Ideas: Fill in the blanks or provide a definition in your own words. 1. In cellular respiration oxidation, hydrogen is transferred from glucose to oxygen. 2. Substrate-level phosphorylation is a simple transfer of a phosphate group from the substrate molecule to the ADP. 3. Glycolysis ...
... Key Terms and Ideas: Fill in the blanks or provide a definition in your own words. 1. In cellular respiration oxidation, hydrogen is transferred from glucose to oxygen. 2. Substrate-level phosphorylation is a simple transfer of a phosphate group from the substrate molecule to the ADP. 3. Glycolysis ...
Foundations in Microbiology
... Transfer reactions by enzymes 1. Oxidation-reduction reactions – transfer of electrons 2. Aminotransferases – convert one type of amino acid to another by transferring an amino group 3. Phosphotransferases – transfer phosphate groups, involved in energy transfer 4. Methyltransferases – move methyl ...
... Transfer reactions by enzymes 1. Oxidation-reduction reactions – transfer of electrons 2. Aminotransferases – convert one type of amino acid to another by transferring an amino group 3. Phosphotransferases – transfer phosphate groups, involved in energy transfer 4. Methyltransferases – move methyl ...
MEMBRANE-BOUND ELECTRON TRANSFER AND ATP …
... Electrons are carried from Complex III to Complex IV by cytochrome c, a small hydrophilic peripheral membrane protein located on the cytosolic or P side of the IMM. Complex II (Succinate-UQ oxidoreductase) is membrane bound and contains the FADH2 as a prosthetic group . So electrons from FADH2 feed ...
... Electrons are carried from Complex III to Complex IV by cytochrome c, a small hydrophilic peripheral membrane protein located on the cytosolic or P side of the IMM. Complex II (Succinate-UQ oxidoreductase) is membrane bound and contains the FADH2 as a prosthetic group . So electrons from FADH2 feed ...
Respiration Respiration Respiration
... ΔG can be even higher than this in a cell This large amount of energy must be released in small steps rather than all at once. ...
... ΔG can be even higher than this in a cell This large amount of energy must be released in small steps rather than all at once. ...
How Cells Harvest Energy
... transferring a phosphate directly to ADP from another molecule 2. oxidative phosphorylation – use of ATP synthase and energy derived from a proton (H+) gradient to make ATP ...
... transferring a phosphate directly to ADP from another molecule 2. oxidative phosphorylation – use of ATP synthase and energy derived from a proton (H+) gradient to make ATP ...
An outline of glycolysis. Each of the 10 steps shown is catalyzed by
... stage of the breakdown of food molecules. In these cells, pyruvate formed at the end of glycolysis is rapidly transported into the mitochondria, completely oxidized to CO2 and H20. But for many anaerobic organisms, which do not use molecular oxygen and can grow and divide in its absence, glycolysis ...
... stage of the breakdown of food molecules. In these cells, pyruvate formed at the end of glycolysis is rapidly transported into the mitochondria, completely oxidized to CO2 and H20. But for many anaerobic organisms, which do not use molecular oxygen and can grow and divide in its absence, glycolysis ...
File
... ATP Synthase Movement of H+ ions through ATP Synthase drives the phosphorylation of ADP to ATP Produces 26-28 molecules of ATP ...
... ATP Synthase Movement of H+ ions through ATP Synthase drives the phosphorylation of ADP to ATP Produces 26-28 molecules of ATP ...
L3 - Bacterial Metabolism v4
... • The incomplete breakdown of glucose with an organic compound serving as the final electron acceptor • Only pathway operating is glycolysis ...
... • The incomplete breakdown of glucose with an organic compound serving as the final electron acceptor • Only pathway operating is glycolysis ...
1.Oxidative phosphorylation
... Ischemia, such as that found in heart attacks, is usually caused by a clot that blocks an artery. Clot busters such as streptokinase can be administered to dissolve clots and reperfuse ischemic cells. But, if the ischemic state has been prolonged before administration of a clot buster, death may res ...
... Ischemia, such as that found in heart attacks, is usually caused by a clot that blocks an artery. Clot busters such as streptokinase can be administered to dissolve clots and reperfuse ischemic cells. But, if the ischemic state has been prolonged before administration of a clot buster, death may res ...
Lecture 16
... from the removal of a hydrogen atom with its electron, not just the proton AH2 and A together constitute a conjugate redox pair that can reduce another compound, B, or redox pair (B/BH2) by transfer of hydrogen atoms: AH2 + B A + BH2 ...
... from the removal of a hydrogen atom with its electron, not just the proton AH2 and A together constitute a conjugate redox pair that can reduce another compound, B, or redox pair (B/BH2) by transfer of hydrogen atoms: AH2 + B A + BH2 ...
presentation source
... yielded • Aerobic respiration yields ATP via both substrate level phosphorylation and oxidative phosphorylation. Up to 30+ ATPs yielded per glucose! ...
... yielded • Aerobic respiration yields ATP via both substrate level phosphorylation and oxidative phosphorylation. Up to 30+ ATPs yielded per glucose! ...
The electron transport chain is a part of cellular respiration. The
... where they create a highly reducing environment and hydrolyze CO2 to produce sugar. ...
... where they create a highly reducing environment and hydrolyze CO2 to produce sugar. ...
Matching review Connect with lines
... Matching review Connect with lines Water Carbon dioxide Oxygen PGAL NADP NAD+ FAD Glucose ...
... Matching review Connect with lines Water Carbon dioxide Oxygen PGAL NADP NAD+ FAD Glucose ...
Cell Chemistry
... • Genes for many mitochondrial proteins are in the nucleus (95% of mtProteins) • Some of these genes were transferred to the nucleus from the original prokaryotic ancestor of mitochondria • Cytosolic protein synthesis mit. Transport • All Krebs enzymes, rep/transcrip/translation • Complex because ...
... • Genes for many mitochondrial proteins are in the nucleus (95% of mtProteins) • Some of these genes were transferred to the nucleus from the original prokaryotic ancestor of mitochondria • Cytosolic protein synthesis mit. Transport • All Krebs enzymes, rep/transcrip/translation • Complex because ...
electron transport
... The open (O) conformation is inactive and has a low affinity for ligands; the L conformation (with “loose” affinity for ligands) is also inactive; the tight (T) conformation is active and has a high affinity for ligands. Synthesis of ATP is initiated (step 1) by binding of ADP and Pi to an L site. I ...
... The open (O) conformation is inactive and has a low affinity for ligands; the L conformation (with “loose” affinity for ligands) is also inactive; the tight (T) conformation is active and has a high affinity for ligands. Synthesis of ATP is initiated (step 1) by binding of ADP and Pi to an L site. I ...
oxidative phosphorylation
... ions and metabolites that are required by mitochondria. It carries proteins that are responsible for lipid formation. 1- It contains complexes - I, II, III, IV, V. which carry out oxidative phosphorylation which in turn generates ATP. These complexes I, II, III, IV form the respiratory chain. 2- It ...
... ions and metabolites that are required by mitochondria. It carries proteins that are responsible for lipid formation. 1- It contains complexes - I, II, III, IV, V. which carry out oxidative phosphorylation which in turn generates ATP. These complexes I, II, III, IV form the respiratory chain. 2- It ...
Electron transport chain
An electron transport chain (ETC) is a series of compounds that transfer electrons from electron donors to electron acceptors via redox reactions, and couples this electron transfer with the transfer of protons (H+ ions) across a membrane. This creates an electrochemical proton gradient that drives ATP synthesis, or the generation of chemical energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). The final acceptor of electrons in the electron transport chain is molecular oxygen.Electron transport chains are used for extracting energy via redox reactions from sunlight in photosynthesis or, such as in the case of the oxidation of sugars, cellular respiration. In eukaryotes, an important electron transport chain is found in the inner mitochondrial membrane where it serves as the site of oxidative phosphorylation through the use of ATP synthase. It is also found in the thylakoid membrane of the chloroplast in photosynthetic eukaryotes. In bacteria, the electron transport chain is located in their cell membrane.In chloroplasts, light drives the conversion of water to oxygen and NADP+ to NADPH with transfer of H+ ions across chloroplast membranes. In mitochondria, it is the conversion of oxygen to water, NADH to NAD+ and succinate to fumarate that are required to generate the proton gradient. Electron transport chains are major sites of premature electron leakage to oxygen, generating superoxide and potentially resulting in increased oxidative stress.