![Predicting and Detecting Reciprocity between Indirect Ecological](http://s1.studyres.com/store/data/013178221_1-f0b2d6571b464e2ae35bea35db5a6515-300x300.png)
Predicting and Detecting Reciprocity between Indirect Ecological
... studies that have demonstrated how individual organisms can have a profound impact on their ecosystems. While the ecology of such interactions is well understood, their evolutionary consequences have rarely been considered. We argue that each example represents a case in which a single organism can, ...
... studies that have demonstrated how individual organisms can have a profound impact on their ecosystems. While the ecology of such interactions is well understood, their evolutionary consequences have rarely been considered. We argue that each example represents a case in which a single organism can, ...
Scaling environmental change through the community
... domain. Some processes scale more easily than others. Changes in the environment can affect ecosystem processes directly through effects on abiotic controls and indirectly through effects on the physiology, morphology, and behavior of individual organisms, the structure of populations, and the compo ...
... domain. Some processes scale more easily than others. Changes in the environment can affect ecosystem processes directly through effects on abiotic controls and indirectly through effects on the physiology, morphology, and behavior of individual organisms, the structure of populations, and the compo ...
The Use of Extant Non-Indigenous Tortoises as a Restoration Tool
... Historical records document that giant tortoises were once present on Round Island (Lloyd 1846). To determine whether some lost ecosystem functions can be recreated using surrogate species, the Government of Mauritius and a local nongovernmental organization, the Mauritian Wildlife Foundation, intro ...
... Historical records document that giant tortoises were once present on Round Island (Lloyd 1846). To determine whether some lost ecosystem functions can be recreated using surrogate species, the Government of Mauritius and a local nongovernmental organization, the Mauritian Wildlife Foundation, intro ...
why the world is green, the waters are blue and food webs in small
... inhibit herbivores, and render the plant biomass relatively unavailable, and (3) different controls operate in regions of different productivity. Aquatic systems, especially those of plankton, tend to have much less plant biomass than terrestrial systems, and generally a much higher proportion of th ...
... inhibit herbivores, and render the plant biomass relatively unavailable, and (3) different controls operate in regions of different productivity. Aquatic systems, especially those of plankton, tend to have much less plant biomass than terrestrial systems, and generally a much higher proportion of th ...
Integrated Ecological- Economic Models
... Consider the five main drivers of biodiversity loss identified in MEA (2005) and listed in Figure 1: (a) habitat change, (b) invasive species, (c) pollution, (d) overharvesting, and (e) climate change. Habitat change follows from humans transforming 50% of Earth’s icefree land surface to agricultura ...
... Consider the five main drivers of biodiversity loss identified in MEA (2005) and listed in Figure 1: (a) habitat change, (b) invasive species, (c) pollution, (d) overharvesting, and (e) climate change. Habitat change follows from humans transforming 50% of Earth’s icefree land surface to agricultura ...
... standardized estimate of annual plant productivity across all treatments and herbivore densities, rather than the actual resource available to herbivores (McNaughton 1983). Although herbivores can stimulate primary production in some savanna systems (Frank et al. 1998), this mechanism does not appea ...
Threats, Monitoring, and Policy to Present and Future Climate Change... Algonquin Park (Ontario, Canada) to the Adirondack Park (New York,
... Industrial Revolution. The release of greenhouse gases and the results in changes in global climate have made it a challenge for parks and protected areas to respond to the potential negative impacts to ecological integrity. The predicted rate of climate change is forecasted to be faster than the ra ...
... Industrial Revolution. The release of greenhouse gases and the results in changes in global climate have made it a challenge for parks and protected areas to respond to the potential negative impacts to ecological integrity. The predicted rate of climate change is forecasted to be faster than the ra ...
160621DeerMoorlandManagementFINAL1-1
... getting the best from Scotland’s land resources. Public sector bodies are expected to take a leading role by utilising its principles for sustainable land use. Those most relevant to landscape scale habitat restoration in CNP are: c) Where land is highly suitable for a primary use (for example food ...
... getting the best from Scotland’s land resources. Public sector bodies are expected to take a leading role by utilising its principles for sustainable land use. Those most relevant to landscape scale habitat restoration in CNP are: c) Where land is highly suitable for a primary use (for example food ...
Topic:
... same species that live in the same area. • COMMUNITY- All of the living organisms that live in the same area. • ECOSYSTEM- All of the living organisms and nonliving factors in the same area. • BIOSPHERE- Anywhere life is found on the planet. ...
... same species that live in the same area. • COMMUNITY- All of the living organisms that live in the same area. • ECOSYSTEM- All of the living organisms and nonliving factors in the same area. • BIOSPHERE- Anywhere life is found on the planet. ...
Climate Change Effects on Aquatic Biota, Ecosystem Structure and
... diversity may have limited their capacity for such rapid evolution. This will probably further hamper responses by such taxa and, with the projected rapid rate of climate change and other factors (e.g., competition from new colonizers), is likely to result in an increased risk of local extirpation a ...
... diversity may have limited their capacity for such rapid evolution. This will probably further hamper responses by such taxa and, with the projected rapid rate of climate change and other factors (e.g., competition from new colonizers), is likely to result in an increased risk of local extirpation a ...
Content Conference Guide - BayCEER
... Florida is also the focal point of combined hydrological and ecological modeling to project possible future scenarios. The ecological models include agent-based models that simulate populations over landscapes and regions, as well as landscape models of vegetation and topography. In addition, models ...
... Florida is also the focal point of combined hydrological and ecological modeling to project possible future scenarios. The ecological models include agent-based models that simulate populations over landscapes and regions, as well as landscape models of vegetation and topography. In addition, models ...
Elephants versus butterflies: the ecological role of large herbivores
... raised; for the moment, let us note that there are only a few hundred individuals of both species in the wild. These species are primarily browsers or mixed feeders, not grazers, and rain forests, not grasslands, are their primary habitat. In Indochina a third large odd-toed herbivore, the Malayan t ...
... raised; for the moment, let us note that there are only a few hundred individuals of both species in the wild. These species are primarily browsers or mixed feeders, not grazers, and rain forests, not grasslands, are their primary habitat. In Indochina a third large odd-toed herbivore, the Malayan t ...
Climate sensitivity of shrub growth across the tundra biome
... and summer temperature and 4) the proportion of individuals that had significant linear relationships between growth and summer temperature (the best predictor from the overall analysis). We assessed these indices of climate sensitivity across abiotic (wet day frequency, soil moisture, growing seaso ...
... and summer temperature and 4) the proportion of individuals that had significant linear relationships between growth and summer temperature (the best predictor from the overall analysis). We assessed these indices of climate sensitivity across abiotic (wet day frequency, soil moisture, growing seaso ...
How Communities Evolve - New England Complex Systems Institute
... energy values would be represented as a trajectory. These trajectories, which represent the behavior of the variables of the system, correspond in general to solutions of a system of differential equations. The continuous arrival of radiant energy from the sun, which is transformed into plant resour ...
... energy values would be represented as a trajectory. These trajectories, which represent the behavior of the variables of the system, correspond in general to solutions of a system of differential equations. The continuous arrival of radiant energy from the sun, which is transformed into plant resour ...
Devils Postpile National Monument
... This panel will explore the challenges and opportunities for managing Devils Postpile National Monument (DEPO) in this era of climate change within the setting of the Upper Middle Fork of the San Joaquin. The biological diversity and ecological significance will be presented, along with the geologic ...
... This panel will explore the challenges and opportunities for managing Devils Postpile National Monument (DEPO) in this era of climate change within the setting of the Upper Middle Fork of the San Joaquin. The biological diversity and ecological significance will be presented, along with the geologic ...
Growing Season Length Analysis
... spatially explicit data. Thus, the first question in our study is: (1) How realistic are model ...
... spatially explicit data. Thus, the first question in our study is: (1) How realistic are model ...
An Analysis of Persistence, Resilience, and the Conservation of
... time between breakdowns corresponds in part to periods in which an ecosystem manager has taken preventive actions to protect species from the adverse effects of continued economic activity.9 As discussed in section 2.1, these actions include things like regulations on the nature of fishing equipment ...
... time between breakdowns corresponds in part to periods in which an ecosystem manager has taken preventive actions to protect species from the adverse effects of continued economic activity.9 As discussed in section 2.1, these actions include things like regulations on the nature of fishing equipment ...
uncorrected page proofs - Oxford University Press
... live in nests. You may have seen the massive termite mounds in Kakadu National Park in the Northern Territory. Termites also have microorganisms that live in their gut, which break down the cellulose of plant material such as grasses, plants and wood. Scientists have estimated that termites recycle ...
... live in nests. You may have seen the massive termite mounds in Kakadu National Park in the Northern Territory. Termites also have microorganisms that live in their gut, which break down the cellulose of plant material such as grasses, plants and wood. Scientists have estimated that termites recycle ...
View or download introduction
... Islands make up 1.3% of the U.S. land area yet they are home to 43% of species listed under the Endangered Species Act and 53% of extinctions. Invasive species are the primary threat to island ecosystems globally and are responsible for approximately two-thirds of all island extinctions in the past ...
... Islands make up 1.3% of the U.S. land area yet they are home to 43% of species listed under the Endangered Species Act and 53% of extinctions. Invasive species are the primary threat to island ecosystems globally and are responsible for approximately two-thirds of all island extinctions in the past ...
Climate Change and National Park Wildlife: A Survival
... their incredibly rich array of plants, fish, reptiles, birds, and mammals. Wildlife is threatened now as perhaps never before. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change warns that up to a quarter of assessed species could face extinction due to global warming by the end of this century. It’s dif ...
... their incredibly rich array of plants, fish, reptiles, birds, and mammals. Wildlife is threatened now as perhaps never before. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change warns that up to a quarter of assessed species could face extinction due to global warming by the end of this century. It’s dif ...
Megafauna biomass tradeoff as a driver of
... concentrated around humans). The cause of the QME threshold event may well reflect a synergy of reaching a critical value of human biomass at the same time that ecologically unusual perturbations came into play. The unusual perturbations included increasingly sophisticated hunting of megafauna by pe ...
... concentrated around humans). The cause of the QME threshold event may well reflect a synergy of reaching a critical value of human biomass at the same time that ecologically unusual perturbations came into play. The unusual perturbations included increasingly sophisticated hunting of megafauna by pe ...
v149
... Oceania from the Hawaiian Islands southward is the main nonbreeding area for the Wandering Tattler. Their long- to intermediate-distance migration from breeding sites in Alaska, Yukon, and Russia to their southern wintering grounds begins in mid-July (Gill et al. 2002). Observations of wintering ind ...
... Oceania from the Hawaiian Islands southward is the main nonbreeding area for the Wandering Tattler. Their long- to intermediate-distance migration from breeding sites in Alaska, Yukon, and Russia to their southern wintering grounds begins in mid-July (Gill et al. 2002). Observations of wintering ind ...
Climate sensitivity of shrub growth across the tundra biome
... Previous studies have identified summer temperatures as an important driver of vegetation change1,13,14,26 , but the role of soil moisture is less often examined. A recent synthesis of two decades of ecological monitoring (the International Tundra Experiment Network) showed that increased shrub abun ...
... Previous studies have identified summer temperatures as an important driver of vegetation change1,13,14,26 , but the role of soil moisture is less often examined. A recent synthesis of two decades of ecological monitoring (the International Tundra Experiment Network) showed that increased shrub abun ...
Extreme climate events and wet grasslands: plant traits for
... Plant responses may be either positive or negative and will modify competitive relations between species, which may be crucial in wet grasslands, where a diversity of perennial species co-exist. A combination of decreasing rainfall and higher temperatures predicted under many climate change scenario ...
... Plant responses may be either positive or negative and will modify competitive relations between species, which may be crucial in wet grasslands, where a diversity of perennial species co-exist. A combination of decreasing rainfall and higher temperatures predicted under many climate change scenario ...
Mangrove ecosystem under climate change conditions
... genetic) diversity and evolutionary processes. The availability, or condition, of this function is based on the physical aspects of the ecological niche within the biosphere. These requirements differ for different species groups, but can be described in terms of the carrying capacity and spatial ne ...
... genetic) diversity and evolutionary processes. The availability, or condition, of this function is based on the physical aspects of the ecological niche within the biosphere. These requirements differ for different species groups, but can be described in terms of the carrying capacity and spatial ne ...
Pleistocene Park
![](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Ice_age_fauna_of_northern_Spain_-_Mauricio_Antón.jpg?width=300)
Pleistocene Park (Russian: Плейстоценовый парк) is a nature reserve on the Kolyma River south of Chersky in the Sakha Republic, Russia, in northeastern Siberia, where an attempt is being made to recreate the northern subarctic steppe grassland ecosystem that flourished in the area during the last glacial period.The project is being led by Russian researcher Sergey Zimov, with hopes to back the hypothesis that overhunting, and not climate change, was primarily responsible for the extinction of wildlife and the disappearance of the grasslands at the end of the Pleistocene epoch.A further aim is to research the climatic effects of the expected changes in the ecosystem. Here the hypothesis is that the change from tundra to grassland will result in a raised ratio of energy emission to energy absorption of the area, leading to less thawing of permafrost and thereby less emission of greenhouse gases.To study this, large herbivores have been released, and their effect on the local fauna is being monitored. Preliminary results point at the ecologically low-grade tundra biome being converted into a productive grassland biome, and at the energy emission of the area being raised.A documentary is being produced about the park by an American journalist and filmmaker.