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Trait selection during food web assembly
... Species whose biomass falls below a threshold of 10−6 units are considered extinct. A step consists of a successful invasion, when the invader persists while dynamics are run until the equilibrium. An assembly sequence consists of successive invasions and stops either if a trait no longer varies (le ...
... Species whose biomass falls below a threshold of 10−6 units are considered extinct. A step consists of a successful invasion, when the invader persists while dynamics are run until the equilibrium. An assembly sequence consists of successive invasions and stops either if a trait no longer varies (le ...
fifty years of food and foraging in moose
... Department of Natural Resource Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164-6410, USA ...
... Department of Natural Resource Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164-6410, USA ...
Population density of North American elk
... responses to herbivory by examining elk populations maintained at high population density near carrying capacity (K) based on physical condition of elk on Starkey, which we estimated to be 20.1 elk/km2; and at low densities near or below maximum sustained yield (MSY), which we estimated at 4.1 elk/k ...
... responses to herbivory by examining elk populations maintained at high population density near carrying capacity (K) based on physical condition of elk on Starkey, which we estimated to be 20.1 elk/km2; and at low densities near or below maximum sustained yield (MSY), which we estimated at 4.1 elk/k ...
Plains bison restoration in the Canadian Rocky Mountains
... ranges. In Banff, a series of repeatedly occupied house pit sites in the Red Deer and Bow River valleys suggests the regular use of these valleys over the last 3,000 years by people with cultural ties to the interior plateau of British Columbia. Bison bones have been found in these house pit and ear ...
... ranges. In Banff, a series of repeatedly occupied house pit sites in the Red Deer and Bow River valleys suggests the regular use of these valleys over the last 3,000 years by people with cultural ties to the interior plateau of British Columbia. Bison bones have been found in these house pit and ear ...
Recent climate-related terrestrial biodiversity
... integrity of all national parks. Owing to the inherent complexity of natural ecosystems, it is not at all clear how, nor how rapidly, these ongoing changes will affect park biodiversity and impact the traditional land-based lifestyles of Indigenous park cooperative management partners. In this conte ...
... integrity of all national parks. Owing to the inherent complexity of natural ecosystems, it is not at all clear how, nor how rapidly, these ongoing changes will affect park biodiversity and impact the traditional land-based lifestyles of Indigenous park cooperative management partners. In this conte ...
Impacts of climate change at high latitudes on terrestrial plants and
... pollutants such as Noxs have increased as a result of human activities and they are still increasing. As global temperature and concentrations of atmospheric CO^ and methane have been positively correlated for some 180 000 years (Watson et al. 1990), it is likely that global temperatures will increa ...
... pollutants such as Noxs have increased as a result of human activities and they are still increasing. As global temperature and concentrations of atmospheric CO^ and methane have been positively correlated for some 180 000 years (Watson et al. 1990), it is likely that global temperatures will increa ...
ECOSYSTEM FUNCTION, PRINCIPLES OF
... There are many examples in which a change in a limiting factor alters ecosystem function. The large increase in the amount of nitrogen cycling in the environment from fertilizers and fossil fuel should have significant effects on rates of ecosystem functions since nitrogen frequently is the primary l ...
... There are many examples in which a change in a limiting factor alters ecosystem function. The large increase in the amount of nitrogen cycling in the environment from fertilizers and fossil fuel should have significant effects on rates of ecosystem functions since nitrogen frequently is the primary l ...
Environmental Science Final Exam Review Sheet
... What exotic species was introduced into the Great Lakes that has caused $5 billion in damage? What compound breaks down ozone? (what is causing the hole in the ozone layer)? What is the main cause of increased carbon dioxide in the atmosphere? What does carbon dioxide have to do with global warming? ...
... What exotic species was introduced into the Great Lakes that has caused $5 billion in damage? What compound breaks down ozone? (what is causing the hole in the ozone layer)? What is the main cause of increased carbon dioxide in the atmosphere? What does carbon dioxide have to do with global warming? ...
ECOSYSTEM
... 1 MARK QUESTIONS 1. Define ecosystem. An ecosystem can be visualized as a functional unit of nature, where living organisms interact among themselves and also with the surrounding physical environment. 2. Mention the two categories of ecosystem. Terrestrial and the aquatic 3. Give an example for man ...
... 1 MARK QUESTIONS 1. Define ecosystem. An ecosystem can be visualized as a functional unit of nature, where living organisms interact among themselves and also with the surrounding physical environment. 2. Mention the two categories of ecosystem. Terrestrial and the aquatic 3. Give an example for man ...
Principles of Terrestrial Ecosystem Ecology
... minerals to support plant growth. Vegetation is still migrating in response to the retreat of Pleistocene glaciers 10,000 to 20,000 years ago. After disturbances such as fire or tree fall, there are gradual changes in plant, animal, and microbial communities over years to centuries. Rates of carbon ...
... minerals to support plant growth. Vegetation is still migrating in response to the retreat of Pleistocene glaciers 10,000 to 20,000 years ago. After disturbances such as fire or tree fall, there are gradual changes in plant, animal, and microbial communities over years to centuries. Rates of carbon ...
National Park Service - UAF SNAP
... & federal personnel. The group also saw the need for increased staffing – particularly with local hire -- in fire suppression and technology innovation, and increased education efforts focused on Native life, science-based climate change information, and community presentations. Increased infrastruc ...
... & federal personnel. The group also saw the need for increased staffing – particularly with local hire -- in fire suppression and technology innovation, and increased education efforts focused on Native life, science-based climate change information, and community presentations. Increased infrastruc ...
Creepy Cave Crawlers
... caves. Like the deep sea, caves are difficult to reach and haven’t been explored as thoroughly as the Earth’s surface. Discovering so many unknown species was thrilling for Jean Krejca. She is a scientist with Zara Environmental, the Texas-based group that led the project. "You get the feeling that ...
... caves. Like the deep sea, caves are difficult to reach and haven’t been explored as thoroughly as the Earth’s surface. Discovering so many unknown species was thrilling for Jean Krejca. She is a scientist with Zara Environmental, the Texas-based group that led the project. "You get the feeling that ...
ALDERMAN`S FORD ADDITION PRESERVE
... found in upland communities, specifically in sandhill communities. The soil comprises only 0.03% of the total surface soils and is located in a small strip of land on the southwestern boundary. This area is associated with the berm around the reservoir and the adjacent access area. The vegetation in ...
... found in upland communities, specifically in sandhill communities. The soil comprises only 0.03% of the total surface soils and is located in a small strip of land on the southwestern boundary. This area is associated with the berm around the reservoir and the adjacent access area. The vegetation in ...
Species Diversity of Browsing and Grazing Ungulates
... productivity or carbon stores than higher-diversity sites’ (Tilman et al. 2001). These findings have been well summarised as ‘Positive short-term effects of species diversity on ecosystem processes, such as primary productivity and nutrient retention, have been explained by two major types of mechan ...
... productivity or carbon stores than higher-diversity sites’ (Tilman et al. 2001). These findings have been well summarised as ‘Positive short-term effects of species diversity on ecosystem processes, such as primary productivity and nutrient retention, have been explained by two major types of mechan ...
Climate Change and UV-B Impacts on Arctic Tundra and Polar
... as a result of extinctions during the most recent large-magnitude rapid global warming at the end of the last glacial stage. Consequently, Arctic ecosystems and biota are already stressed; some are extremely vulnerable to the current and potential future global warming. For example, migratory Arctic ...
... as a result of extinctions during the most recent large-magnitude rapid global warming at the end of the last glacial stage. Consequently, Arctic ecosystems and biota are already stressed; some are extremely vulnerable to the current and potential future global warming. For example, migratory Arctic ...
The Ecosystem Concept
... minerals to support plant growth. Vegetation is still migrating in response to the retreat of Pleistocene glaciers 10,000 to 20,000 years ago. After disturbances such as fire or tree fall, there are gradual changes in plant, animal, and microbial communities over years to centuries. Rates of carbon ...
... minerals to support plant growth. Vegetation is still migrating in response to the retreat of Pleistocene glaciers 10,000 to 20,000 years ago. After disturbances such as fire or tree fall, there are gradual changes in plant, animal, and microbial communities over years to centuries. Rates of carbon ...
Caring for Our Natural Assets
... movement related to human health and the environment. Climate change is the focus. The potential impacts of rising temperatures and sea levels around the world are stimulating public discourse and political action on a global scale; the energy around the issue reminds us of the urgency generated by ...
... movement related to human health and the environment. Climate change is the focus. The potential impacts of rising temperatures and sea levels around the world are stimulating public discourse and political action on a global scale; the energy around the issue reminds us of the urgency generated by ...
Ecology Name: Date: 1. The diagram below illustrates the
... Compared to a natural forest, the wheat eld of a ...
... Compared to a natural forest, the wheat eld of a ...
Endangered Species
... Red pandas are on the road to extinction and without aid, they will probably get there. The snow leopards and martens that prey on them will have no food to eat; they will grow endangered and could eventually die out. The bamboo and other plants that they eat will take over the ecosystem with no org ...
... Red pandas are on the road to extinction and without aid, they will probably get there. The snow leopards and martens that prey on them will have no food to eat; they will grow endangered and could eventually die out. The bamboo and other plants that they eat will take over the ecosystem with no org ...
Red in tooth and claw: how top predators shape terrestrial ecosystems
... should increase along productivity gradients, while hare biomass should be constant. But while lynx rarely eat foxes, they do attack and kill them. In Sweden where lynx are also currently increasing, 50% of the deaths recorded in a radiotracked sample of foxes were due to attacks by lynx, which caus ...
... should increase along productivity gradients, while hare biomass should be constant. But while lynx rarely eat foxes, they do attack and kill them. In Sweden where lynx are also currently increasing, 50% of the deaths recorded in a radiotracked sample of foxes were due to attacks by lynx, which caus ...
National Park Service - UAF SNAP
... personnel. The group also saw the need for increased staffing – particularly with local hire -- in fire suppression and technology innovation, and increased education efforts focused on Native life, science-based climate change information, and community presentations. Increased infrastructure would ...
... personnel. The group also saw the need for increased staffing – particularly with local hire -- in fire suppression and technology innovation, and increased education efforts focused on Native life, science-based climate change information, and community presentations. Increased infrastructure would ...
Assessing the role of large herbivores in the
... respond in similar ways to herbivory as terrestrial grasslands, also dominated by clonal ...
... respond in similar ways to herbivory as terrestrial grasslands, also dominated by clonal ...
High latitude terrestrial ecosystems are considered key components in the... carbon (C) cycle and hold large reservoirs of soil organic... Abstract
... changes. As permafrost thaws and surface hydrology changes, there is concern that periglacial tundra and peatland ecosystems will switch from being sinks for atmospheric C into sources, creating a potential for positive feedbacks on global warming. The magnitude of change in C fluxes resulting from ...
... changes. As permafrost thaws and surface hydrology changes, there is concern that periglacial tundra and peatland ecosystems will switch from being sinks for atmospheric C into sources, creating a potential for positive feedbacks on global warming. The magnitude of change in C fluxes resulting from ...
2016.17 Ecology, Ongoing Expectations
... CLE 3255.Inq.2 Design and conduct scientific investigations to explore new phenomena, verify previous results, test how well a theory predicts, and compare opposing theories. CLE 3255.Inq.3 Use appropriate tools and technology to collect precise and accurate data. CLE 3255.Inq.4 Apply qualitative an ...
... CLE 3255.Inq.2 Design and conduct scientific investigations to explore new phenomena, verify previous results, test how well a theory predicts, and compare opposing theories. CLE 3255.Inq.3 Use appropriate tools and technology to collect precise and accurate data. CLE 3255.Inq.4 Apply qualitative an ...
Pleistocene Park
![](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Ice_age_fauna_of_northern_Spain_-_Mauricio_Antón.jpg?width=300)
Pleistocene Park (Russian: Плейстоценовый парк) is a nature reserve on the Kolyma River south of Chersky in the Sakha Republic, Russia, in northeastern Siberia, where an attempt is being made to recreate the northern subarctic steppe grassland ecosystem that flourished in the area during the last glacial period.The project is being led by Russian researcher Sergey Zimov, with hopes to back the hypothesis that overhunting, and not climate change, was primarily responsible for the extinction of wildlife and the disappearance of the grasslands at the end of the Pleistocene epoch.A further aim is to research the climatic effects of the expected changes in the ecosystem. Here the hypothesis is that the change from tundra to grassland will result in a raised ratio of energy emission to energy absorption of the area, leading to less thawing of permafrost and thereby less emission of greenhouse gases.To study this, large herbivores have been released, and their effect on the local fauna is being monitored. Preliminary results point at the ecologically low-grade tundra biome being converted into a productive grassland biome, and at the energy emission of the area being raised.A documentary is being produced about the park by an American journalist and filmmaker.