Download Ecology Name: Date: 1. The diagram below illustrates the

Ecology
Name:
1.
Date:
The diagram below illustrates the relationships
between organisms in an ecosystem.
3.
Which sequence shows a correct pathway for the
ow of energy in a food chain?
A.
bacteria !grass !fox !owl
B.
grass !grasshopper !frog !snake
C.
fungi !beetle !algae !mouse
D. algae !snake !duck deer
In addition to sunlight, which factor would need to
be added to make this a stable ecosystem?
A.
predators
B.
prey
C.
decomposers
D. herbivores
4.
2.
Base your answer(s) to the following question(s)
on the diagram accompanying and on your
knowledge of biology.
Base your answer(s) to the following question(s)
on the table shown below, which shows the
type of food consumed by various animals in
community, and on your knowledge of biology.
Which term best describes the mosquito larvae?
Which animals in the community would be
classi ed as herbivores?
A.
snakes
B.
hawks
C.
spiders
D. grasshoppers
page 1
A.
producer
B.
parasite
C.
carnivore
D. consumer
5.
Which type of model provides the most complete
representation of the feeding relationships within a
community?
A.
a material cycle
B.
a predator-prey association
C.
a food chain
8.
Base your answer(s) to the following question(s)
on the food web and graph below and on your
knowledge of biology. The graph represents the
interaction of two di erent populations, A and B,
in the food web.
D. a food web
Population A is made up of living animals. The
members of population B feed on these living
animals. The members of population B are most
likely
6.
Which relationship best describes the interactions
between lettuce and a rabbit?
A.
predator—prey
B.
producer—consumer
C.
parasite—host
A.
scavengers
B.
autotrophs
C.
predators
D. parasites
D. decomposer—scavenger
9.
7.
Organisms that have the ability to use an
atmospheric gas to produce an organic nutrient are
known as
A.
herbivores
B.
C.
carnivores
D. autotrophs
The dense needles of Douglas r trees can prevent
most light from reaching the forest oor. This
situation would have the most immediate e ect on
A.
producers
B.
carnivores
C.
herbivores
D. decomposers
decomposers
page 2
Ecology
10.
Base your answer(s) to the following question(s)
on the diagram below and on your knowledge of
biology.
12.
Why is a mushroom considered a heterotroph?
A.
It manufactures its own food.
B.
It divides by mitosis.
C.
It transforms light energy into chemical
energy.
D. It obtains nutrients from its environment.
Which organism carries out autotrophic nutrition?
A.
frog
B.
snake
C.
plant
D. grasshopper
13.
Which phrase is an example of autotrophic
nutrition?
A.
a cow eating grass in a eld
B.
a mushroom digesting a dead log
C.
an apple tree making its own food
D. a tapeworm feeding in the body of a dog
11.
Which statement best describes a characteristic of
an ecosystem?
A.
It must have producers and consumers but not
decomposers.
B.
It is stable because it has consumers to
recycle energy.
C.
It always has two or more di erent autotrophs
lling the same niche.
14.
D. It must have organisms that carry out
autotrophic nutrition.
Autotrophs might survive when heterotrophs
cannot, because autotrophs are able to
A.
reproduce asexually
B.
become dormant
C.
exist without respiration
D. make their own food
page 3
Ecology
15.
One biotic factor that a ects consumers in an
ocean ecosystem is
A.
number of autotrophs
B.
temperature variation
C.
salt content
17.
Which statement best describes the fruit y
population in the part of the curve labeled X in
the graph shown below?
D. pH of water
16.
variations in the population decrease over time
B.
members of the population decrease in
number
C.
members of the population exceed the
carrying capacity
The fruit y population has reached the
number of organisms the habitat can support.
B.
The fruit y population can no longer mate
and produce fertile o spring.
C.
The fruit y population has an average life
span of 36 days.
D. The fruit y population is no longer able
to adapt to the changing environmental
conditions.
Even though the environment changes, a population
that occupies a given geographic area will most
likely continue to be found in this area if the
A.
A.
18.
D. population passes on those genes that result
in favorable adaptations
The size of a mouse population in a natural
ecosystem tends to remain relatively constant due
to
A.
the carrying capacity of the environment
B.
the lack of natural predators
C.
cycling of energy
D. increased numbers of decomposers
page 4
Ecology
19.
The growth of a population is shown in the graph
below.
22.
For many decades, certain areas of New York State
have remained as hardwood forests containing
predominantly oak and hickory trees. These
forested areas will most likely
A.
remain inde nitely and not be a ected by
environmental in uences
B.
reach maturity and change in the near future
C.
be destroyed by environmental changes and
never return to their present forms
D. continue in their present forms unless a ected
by environmental factors
Which letter indicates the carrying capacity of the
environment for this population?
A.
20.
A
B.
B
C.
C
D. D
23.
The reason that organisms can not produce
populations of unlimited size is that
A.
the resources of Earth are nite
B.
there is no carrying capacity on Earth
C.
species rarely compete with one another
Base your answer(s) to the following question(s)
on the diagrams of stages of succession and on
your knowledge of biology.
D. interactions between organisms are unchanging
What is the correct sequence of these stages?
21.
An environment can support only as many
organisms as the available energy, minerals, and
oxygen will allow. Which term is best described
by this statement?
A.
biological feedback
B.
C.
homeostatic control
D. biological diversity
A.
B! A! D! C
B.
C.
C! B! A! D
D. D ! A ! C ! B
A! D! C! B
carrying capacity
page 5
Ecology
24.
The accompanying diagrams show some changes
in an environment over time.
25.
Stage D in the diagram below is located on land
that was once a bare eld.
The sequence of stages leading from bare eld to
stage D best illustrates the process known as
A.
replication
B.
recycling
C.
feedback
D. succession
Which phrase best describes this sequence of
diagrams?
A.
the path of energy through a food web in a
natural community
B.
the altering of an ecosystem by a natural
disaster
C.
natural communities replacing each other in
an orderly sequence
26.
D. similarities between an aquatic ecosystem and
a terrestrial ecosystem
Many years ago, a volcanic eruption killed many
plants and animals on an island. Today the island
looks much as it did before the eruption. Which
statement is the best possible explanation for this?
A.
Altered ecosystems regain stability through
the evolution of new plant species.
B.
Destroyed environments can recover as a
result of the process of ecological succession.
C.
Geographic barriers prevent the migration of
animals to island habitats.
D. Destroyed ecosystems always return to their
original state.
page 6
Ecology
27.
Which concept is represented in the graph below?
29.
What is a characteristic of a stable environment?
A.
It usually contains only one type of producer.
B.
It usually contains a great diversity of species.
C.
It contains simple food chains that have more
consumers than producers.
D. It contains complex food webs that have more
heterotrophs than autotrophs.
A.
ecological succession in a community
B.
cycling of carbon and nitrogen in a forest
C.
energy ow in a food chain over time
D. negative human impact on the environment
28.
30.
Base your answer to the following question on the
graph below and on your knowledge of biology.
If the environment were to change dramatically or
a new plant disease were to break out, which plant
type would most likely survive?
wild wheat
B.
C.
wild corn
D. domestic corn
A.
heterotrophs
B.
signi cant biodiversity
C.
autotrophs
D. stored energy
31.
A.
Compared to a natural forest, the wheat eld of a
farmer lacks
domestic wheat
Which condition would cause an ecosystem to
become unstable?
A.
only heterotrophic organisms remain after a
change in the environment
B.
a slight increase in the number of
heterotrophic and autotrophic organisms
occurs
C.
a variety of nonliving factors are used by the
living factors
D. biotic and abiotic resources interact
page 7
Ecology
32.
In a stable, long-existing community, the
establishment of a single species per niche is most
directly the result of
A.
parasitism
B.
C.
competition
D. overproduction
35.
interbreeding
Abiotic factors that could a ect the stability of an
ecosystem could include
A.
hurricanes, packs of wolves, and temperature
B.
blizzards, heat waves, and swarms of
grasshoppers
C.
droughts, oods, and heat waves
D. species of sh, number of decomposers, and
supply of algae
33.
Increased e orts to conserve areas such as rain
forests are necessary in order to
A.
protect biodiversity
B.
promote extinction of species
C.
exploit nite resources
36.
D. increase industrialization
A stable ecosystem would not contain
A.
materials being cycled
B.
consumers without producers
C.
decomposers
D. a constant source of energy
34.
Which statement describes all stable ecosystems?
A.
Herbivores provide energy for the autotrophs.
B.
The populations of predators are dependent
on the populations of their prey.
C.
The number of autotrophs equals the number
of heterotrophs.
37.
D. Consumers synthesize ATP from light energy.
A serious threat to biodiversity is
A.
habitat destruction
B.
maintenance of food chains
C.
competition within a species
D. a stable population size
page 8
Ecology
38.
Some people make compost piles consisting of
weeds and other plant materials. When the
compost has decomposed, it can be used as
fertilizer. The production and use of compost is
an example of
A.
the introduction of natural predators
B.
the use of fossil fuels
C.
the deforestation of an area
41.
Base your answer(s) to the following question(s)
on the diagram accompanying and on your
knowledge of biology.
D. the recycling of nutrients
State one reason that algae form the base of this
pyramid.
39.
40.
Identify one abiotic factor that would directly
a ect the survival of organism A shown in the
diagram below.
42.
Explain why each level of the pyramid decreases
in area from bottom to top.
43.
Describe the role of scavengers in an ecosystem.
An aquatic food web is represented in the diagram
below.
Using one or more complete sentences, predict
how one of the populations in the food web will
most likely change if the yellow perch population
increases over a period of 3 years.
44. What is the role of bacteria and fungi in an
ecosystem?
page 9
Ecology
45.
The accompanying food web shows some of the
relationships that exist between organisms in a
eld and pond ecosystem.
46.
Base your answer(s) to the following question(s)
on the lake ecosystem represented below and on
your knowledge of biology.
a) Write one or more paragraphs describing
some of the relationships in this food web.
In your answer, be sure to:
identify a carnivore from the
food web
describe the complete path of
energy from the Sun to that
carnivore
explain why decomposers are
necessary in this food web
Identify one organism represented in the diagram
that provides the vital link for the transfer of
energy from the Sun to the other organisms in the
ecosystem.
b) A signi cant decrease in the wolf population
occurs. After a period of one year, what
change in the grass population would most
likely be observed?
c) A farmer sprayed pesticides on a eld next
to the pond. Using one or more complete
sentences, explain why several years later the
sh population would contain higher pesticide
levels than any other pond organisms would
contain.
47.
Base your answer(s) to the following question(s)
on the diagram below, which represents the
changes in an ecosystem over a period of
100 years, and on your knowledge of biology.
State one biological explanation for the changes in
types of vegetation observed from A through C.
48.
page 10
Predict what would happen to the soil and
vegetation of this ecosystem after stage F,
assuming no natural disaster or human interference.
Ecology
49.
State what could happen to a species in a changing
environment if the members of that species do not
express any genetic variations.
50.
Human activities continue to place strains on
the environment. One of these strains on the
environment is the loss of biodiversity. Explain
what this problem is and describe some ways
humans are involved in both the problem and the
possible solutions. In your answer be sure to:
state the meaning of the term biodiversity
state one negative e ect on humans if
biodiversity continues to be lost
suggest one practice that could be used to
preserve biodiversity in New York State
page 11
Ecology
Problem-Attic format version 4.4.279
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Ecology
01/08/2017
1.
Answer:
C
21.
Answer:
B
2.
Answer:
D
22.
Answer:
D
3.
Answer:
B
23.
Answer:
A
4.
Answer:
D
24.
Answer:
C
5.
Answer:
D
25.
Answer:
D
6.
Answer:
B
26.
Answer:
B
7.
Answer:
D
27.
Answer:
A
8.
Answer:
C
28.
Answer:
A
9.
Answer:
A
29.
Answer:
B
10.
Answer:
C
30.
Answer:
B
11.
Answer:
D
31.
Answer:
A
12.
Answer:
D
32.
Answer:
C
13.
Answer:
C
33.
Answer:
A
14.
Answer:
D
34.
Answer:
B
15.
Answer:
A
35.
Answer:
C
16.
Answer:
D
36.
Answer:
B
17.
Answer:
A
37.
Answer:
A
18.
Answer:
A
38.
Answer:
D
19.
Answer:
D
39.
Answer:
oxygen or water temperature
20.
Answer:
A
Teacher's Key
40.
Answer:
41.
Answer:
42.
Answer:
43.
Answer:
44.
Answer:
45.
Answer:
If the yellow perch population increases,
the zooplankton population would
decrease.
They are producers or They contain the
most energy.
There is less energy available at each
succeeding level. or Energy is lost as
heat at each level.
Scavengers remove dead organisms from
the environment. or Scavengers break
down dead organisms.
The role of bacteria and fungi in an
ecosystem is to recycle materials or that
they are decomposers.
a) The student should write one or more
paragraphs describing some of the
relationships in the food web. The
student's answer should include:
an identi cation of one carnivore (e.g.,
wolf, worm, or sh)
a description of the path of energy
from the Sun to that carnivore (e.g.,
Sun pond algae rotifers worms sh)
an explanation of why decomposers
are necessary in this food web. (The
explanation should include reference
to the return of resources to the
environment or to the recycling of
materials in the environment.)
b) The student should write a statement
about the probable e ect on the grass
population a year after a signi cant
decrease in the wolf population (e.g., the
grass population would decrease).
c) The student should write one or more
complete sentences explaining why there
were higher levels of pesticide in sh than
in any other pond organism several years
later. (The explanation should mention
pond algae taking in pesticides and the
pesticides becoming more concentrated at
each succeeding level.)
46.
Answer:
plant, cattail, pond lily, producers, or
autotrophs
47.
Answer:
48.
Answer:
49.
Answer:
50.
Answer:
Page 2
As more soil accumulated (from the
decomposition of dead vegetation), plants
with deeper root systems could live there
and shade out the earlier plants. OR
ecological succession
The soil depth will increase and trees will
be present. OR The soil will change in
composition and the plant species will
change.
The species could become extinct. OR
The species does not evolve. OR The
species remains the same.
Biodiversity means many di erent
species live in a particular habitat. OR
A particular habitat has much variation
in the types of organisms found there.
Lost organisms may have possible
medical use. OR Genes from lost
organisms are not available to use
for development of new varieties of
organisms. OR disruption of food
chains
laws that protect habitat, setting aside
of wilderness areas, hunting and shing
laws, or reducing pollution