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Applying Biodiversity and Ecosystem Function Theory to Turfgrass
... States by 50% (Fulton et al., 2001). Although turfgrasses comprise only a portion of developed landscapes, collectively, they are estimated to cover 1.9% of the total terrestrial land area of the United States (Milesi et al., 2005). In fact, turfgrass in the United States covers an area three times ...
... States by 50% (Fulton et al., 2001). Although turfgrasses comprise only a portion of developed landscapes, collectively, they are estimated to cover 1.9% of the total terrestrial land area of the United States (Milesi et al., 2005). In fact, turfgrass in the United States covers an area three times ...
Hunter-Gatherer Foraging Strategies in Tropical Grasslands: Model
... and Osborne 1971; Vesey-Fitzgerald 1964) grassland ecosystems. These successions begin with one species that can tolerate the more fibrous tops of grass plants and then other species move in as their particular plant part is made available through the actions of the prior feeders. Succession systems ...
... and Osborne 1971; Vesey-Fitzgerald 1964) grassland ecosystems. These successions begin with one species that can tolerate the more fibrous tops of grass plants and then other species move in as their particular plant part is made available through the actions of the prior feeders. Succession systems ...
Niche construction, co-evolution and biodiversity
... (Wang et al., 2006), and this perspective is supported by some well-established cases of gene-culture co-evolution. The most famous example of culturally induced genetic responses to human agriculture is the co-evolution of dairy farming and the gene for lactose absorption (Durham, 1991). Theoretica ...
... (Wang et al., 2006), and this perspective is supported by some well-established cases of gene-culture co-evolution. The most famous example of culturally induced genetic responses to human agriculture is the co-evolution of dairy farming and the gene for lactose absorption (Durham, 1991). Theoretica ...
Ecosystems in Action: Lessons from Marine Ecology about Recovery
... Resistance to ecological change is usually studied in its absence, when a system finally changes in the face of ecosystem alteration. These studies often show that change occurs more quickly when ecological redundancy is low and the ecological role of key species cannot be replaced by other species ...
... Resistance to ecological change is usually studied in its absence, when a system finally changes in the face of ecosystem alteration. These studies often show that change occurs more quickly when ecological redundancy is low and the ecological role of key species cannot be replaced by other species ...
PDF - Oxford Academic - Oxford University Press
... were included. Alternative explanations for frequent tooth breakage such as body size, prey size, or intraspecific aggression levels were suggested. To clarify the causes of tooth fracture, a comparative analysis of tooth fracture data from 36 species of extant and five Pleistocene carnivoran specie ...
... were included. Alternative explanations for frequent tooth breakage such as body size, prey size, or intraspecific aggression levels were suggested. To clarify the causes of tooth fracture, a comparative analysis of tooth fracture data from 36 species of extant and five Pleistocene carnivoran specie ...
Read the report - Alaska Geobotany Center
... scapes!beyond!the!direct!footprint!of!the!infrastructure,!for!tracing!smallZscale!disturbances! that!individually!cover!relatively!small!areas!but!which!in!total!affect!large!landscapes,!and! for!detecting!changes!to!permafrostZrelated!landforms!such!as!landslides!and!thermokarst;! (3)!new!technique ...
... scapes!beyond!the!direct!footprint!of!the!infrastructure,!for!tracing!smallZscale!disturbances! that!individually!cover!relatively!small!areas!but!which!in!total!affect!large!landscapes,!and! for!detecting!changes!to!permafrostZrelated!landforms!such!as!landslides!and!thermokarst;! (3)!new!technique ...
Smith et al. 2008
... extensive for many plant and animal groups. Moreover, most of these organisms are extant, allowing amalgamation of paleohistory with modern studies of physiology, life history and ecology. Second, the climate record for the past 20,000 yr is also quite good. By integrating pollen, cross-dated long-t ...
... extensive for many plant and animal groups. Moreover, most of these organisms are extant, allowing amalgamation of paleohistory with modern studies of physiology, life history and ecology. Second, the climate record for the past 20,000 yr is also quite good. By integrating pollen, cross-dated long-t ...
PowerPoint (Pei-Lin Yu)
... Is there a way to work together in such a way as to avoid conflicts before they go to court? ...
... Is there a way to work together in such a way as to avoid conflicts before they go to court? ...
predators, parasitoids, and pathogens as mortality agents in
... mortality. However, limited data precluded any models containing more than two factors. Further, each immature stage had to be analyzed separately due to a lack of independence in the data among stages (i.e., the same herbivore populations were sampled repeatedly as they developed), but repeated mea ...
... mortality. However, limited data precluded any models containing more than two factors. Further, each immature stage had to be analyzed separately due to a lack of independence in the data among stages (i.e., the same herbivore populations were sampled repeatedly as they developed), but repeated mea ...
Ontario Moose Resource Report for WMU 01A
... moose per 100 km2 of land area. In 2009, the population was composed of 22 per cent bulls, 62 per cent cows, 15 per cent calves and 1 per cent unknown. Calf moose generally experience higher mortality from a variety of sources, including predation and harvest. The minimum desired calf survival each ...
... moose per 100 km2 of land area. In 2009, the population was composed of 22 per cent bulls, 62 per cent cows, 15 per cent calves and 1 per cent unknown. Calf moose generally experience higher mortality from a variety of sources, including predation and harvest. The minimum desired calf survival each ...
ecology culminating project
... Extend your thinking: In North America, many top predators, such as wolves, have been driven nearly to extinction. What effect do you think this has on their main prey, deer? Write your answer below, and/or discuss with your classmates and teacher. ...
... Extend your thinking: In North America, many top predators, such as wolves, have been driven nearly to extinction. What effect do you think this has on their main prey, deer? Write your answer below, and/or discuss with your classmates and teacher. ...
International Tundra Experiment ITEX
... Moss-dominated, tree-less tundra ecosystems are important for the earth’s carbon and energy balance because of long-term carbon storage in recalcitrant moss tissue and high reflectivity when covered with snow. Climate change may alter these functions, by affecting the composition and functioning of ...
... Moss-dominated, tree-less tundra ecosystems are important for the earth’s carbon and energy balance because of long-term carbon storage in recalcitrant moss tissue and high reflectivity when covered with snow. Climate change may alter these functions, by affecting the composition and functioning of ...
2010 Sekercioglu OUP Conservation Book
... millennia unless extracted by people; mining this “fossil” groundwater is often unsustainable and is a serious problem in desert regions like Libya (Millennium Ecosystem Assessment 2005c). The cycle is completed when water vapor is released back into the atmosphere either through evaporation from la ...
... millennia unless extracted by people; mining this “fossil” groundwater is often unsustainable and is a serious problem in desert regions like Libya (Millennium Ecosystem Assessment 2005c). The cycle is completed when water vapor is released back into the atmosphere either through evaporation from la ...
scientific questions and motivations
... thermokarst lakes development, new and significant production of CH4 will occur. Permafrost is already thawing in many areas and its degradation is expected to accelerate with future climate warming. This can significantly affect the biogeochemical cycle in the cold regions of Northern Eurasia and m ...
... thermokarst lakes development, new and significant production of CH4 will occur. Permafrost is already thawing in many areas and its degradation is expected to accelerate with future climate warming. This can significantly affect the biogeochemical cycle in the cold regions of Northern Eurasia and m ...
Biodiversity and Ecosystem Function
... Diversity effects in small-scale, short-term experiments may underestimate the impacts of diversity loss on the functioning of more natural ecosystems More environmental heterogeneity may increase opportunities for species to exploit more niches ...
... Diversity effects in small-scale, short-term experiments may underestimate the impacts of diversity loss on the functioning of more natural ecosystems More environmental heterogeneity may increase opportunities for species to exploit more niches ...
Global patterns in the impact of marine herbivores on benthic
... 2002; Valentine & Duffy 2006). Knowing how benthic primary producers are controlled is crucial for understanding how marine ecosystems function and how anthropogenic impacts may ripple through marine ecosystems via indirect effects. In turn, the producer-herbivore relationship likely varies as a fun ...
... 2002; Valentine & Duffy 2006). Knowing how benthic primary producers are controlled is crucial for understanding how marine ecosystems function and how anthropogenic impacts may ripple through marine ecosystems via indirect effects. In turn, the producer-herbivore relationship likely varies as a fun ...
Biome
... • Ecotones present interesting ecosystems, as species from each separate community can be found together. • Animals are able to exploit both habitats, while plants colonize as deeply within the adjacent biome as possible. ...
... • Ecotones present interesting ecosystems, as species from each separate community can be found together. • Animals are able to exploit both habitats, while plants colonize as deeply within the adjacent biome as possible. ...
Direct effects of elevated temperature on a tri-trophic system
... and Hydrological Institute, SMHI). An increased mean temperature of 20 C during the summer months for this area would be a reasonable expectation following climate change. While, the highest temperature treatment (24 C) will most likely not be relevant in the near future, but may be so for other p ...
... and Hydrological Institute, SMHI). An increased mean temperature of 20 C during the summer months for this area would be a reasonable expectation following climate change. While, the highest temperature treatment (24 C) will most likely not be relevant in the near future, but may be so for other p ...
The Wolves of Yellowstone
... plant community are the direct result of increased predation on elks. After wolves were extirpated from the Yellowstone, elk populations soared and parts of the ecosystem, such as the Lamar Valley, were virtually denuded of vegetation. Many species, such as songbirds and beavers, disappeared as a re ...
... plant community are the direct result of increased predation on elks. After wolves were extirpated from the Yellowstone, elk populations soared and parts of the ecosystem, such as the Lamar Valley, were virtually denuded of vegetation. Many species, such as songbirds and beavers, disappeared as a re ...
1. Introduction - Ark in the Park
... bait rather than Brodifacoum. It is hoped that it will be possible to finalise this before the 201011 kokako breeding season starts. Fig.1 Ark in the Park; Left: as of 1 July 2008 (1100 ha under predator control); Right: as of April 2010 (approx. 1750 ha under predator control); (Maps by Maurice Col ...
... bait rather than Brodifacoum. It is hoped that it will be possible to finalise this before the 201011 kokako breeding season starts. Fig.1 Ark in the Park; Left: as of 1 July 2008 (1100 ha under predator control); Right: as of April 2010 (approx. 1750 ha under predator control); (Maps by Maurice Col ...
Historical and future quantification of terrestrial carbon
... of such events. In LPJ-GUESS, large stand-clearing forest fires, as the globally most important form of natural disturbance (Sitch et al., 2003), are modeled prognostically following Thonicke et al. (2001). Other forms of natural disturbance, such as insect outbreaks and wind-throw are represented as ...
... of such events. In LPJ-GUESS, large stand-clearing forest fires, as the globally most important form of natural disturbance (Sitch et al., 2003), are modeled prognostically following Thonicke et al. (2001). Other forms of natural disturbance, such as insect outbreaks and wind-throw are represented as ...
Has woody vegetation in a semi-arid savanna changed after 11
... species composition and changes in proportion of a functional trait, spinescence. I also compared differences in spinescence within three species after 11 years of protection from large herbivores. Subplots were chosen randomly, with stratified random sampling. From a list with number of trees in ea ...
... species composition and changes in proportion of a functional trait, spinescence. I also compared differences in spinescence within three species after 11 years of protection from large herbivores. Subplots were chosen randomly, with stratified random sampling. From a list with number of trees in ea ...
AnT-ERA
... some at a rapid pace while others are relatively stable. A cascade of responses from molecular through organismic to the community level are expected. The differences in biological complexity and evolutionary histories between the polar regions and the rest of the planet suggest that stresses on pol ...
... some at a rapid pace while others are relatively stable. A cascade of responses from molecular through organismic to the community level are expected. The differences in biological complexity and evolutionary histories between the polar regions and the rest of the planet suggest that stresses on pol ...
Eurasian Arctic greening reveals teleconnections and the potential
... Mountains14 . NWET is thus now experiencing environmental and ecological conditions likely to soon develop across other Arctic regions if the ongoing warming trend continues, and can be seen in this respect as a bellwether of the tundra biome. Extensive oil and gas development amidst huge herds of r ...
... Mountains14 . NWET is thus now experiencing environmental and ecological conditions likely to soon develop across other Arctic regions if the ongoing warming trend continues, and can be seen in this respect as a bellwether of the tundra biome. Extensive oil and gas development amidst huge herds of r ...
Pleistocene Park
![](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Ice_age_fauna_of_northern_Spain_-_Mauricio_Antón.jpg?width=300)
Pleistocene Park (Russian: Плейстоценовый парк) is a nature reserve on the Kolyma River south of Chersky in the Sakha Republic, Russia, in northeastern Siberia, where an attempt is being made to recreate the northern subarctic steppe grassland ecosystem that flourished in the area during the last glacial period.The project is being led by Russian researcher Sergey Zimov, with hopes to back the hypothesis that overhunting, and not climate change, was primarily responsible for the extinction of wildlife and the disappearance of the grasslands at the end of the Pleistocene epoch.A further aim is to research the climatic effects of the expected changes in the ecosystem. Here the hypothesis is that the change from tundra to grassland will result in a raised ratio of energy emission to energy absorption of the area, leading to less thawing of permafrost and thereby less emission of greenhouse gases.To study this, large herbivores have been released, and their effect on the local fauna is being monitored. Preliminary results point at the ecologically low-grade tundra biome being converted into a productive grassland biome, and at the energy emission of the area being raised.A documentary is being produced about the park by an American journalist and filmmaker.