isolation and genetic analysis of mutant strains in gametic
... In all cases, the plated cells were exposed to light for 24 h r and maintained in darkness for 5 days to allow zygote maturation (EBERSOLD and LEVINE1959). For i m p 3 and imp4 crosses, zygotes were recovered and subjected to tetrad analysis by conventional procedures (EBERSOLD and LEVINE1959). For ...
... In all cases, the plated cells were exposed to light for 24 h r and maintained in darkness for 5 days to allow zygote maturation (EBERSOLD and LEVINE1959). For i m p 3 and imp4 crosses, zygotes were recovered and subjected to tetrad analysis by conventional procedures (EBERSOLD and LEVINE1959). For ...
Metabolism, cell growth and the bacterial cell cycle
... representative Gram-positive and Gramnegative bacteria, respectively. In addition, we use the term ‘division cycle’ instead of cell cycle to refer to the period of time between the birth of a cell and its own subsequent division. This Review focuses first on chromosome replication and then on cell d ...
... representative Gram-positive and Gramnegative bacteria, respectively. In addition, we use the term ‘division cycle’ instead of cell cycle to refer to the period of time between the birth of a cell and its own subsequent division. This Review focuses first on chromosome replication and then on cell d ...
Multipotency and Tissue-Specific Stem Cells
... As is the case for the HSCs, the skin itself, as well as isolated and cultured skin cells, can be transplanted back into animals and humans and contribute to new skin formation. Hair follicles were a source for long-term in vitro passaged populations that could be then implanted back and participate ...
... As is the case for the HSCs, the skin itself, as well as isolated and cultured skin cells, can be transplanted back into animals and humans and contribute to new skin formation. Hair follicles were a source for long-term in vitro passaged populations that could be then implanted back and participate ...
Role of Cytoskeleton Changes and Expression
... effected by a single exposure to a low dose of carcinogen that by itself causes no (or few) tumors. In contrast, for tumors to develop from initiated cells, repeated treatment with tumor promoters is necessary, and it has been suggested that, during this time span, initiated cells are induced to giv ...
... effected by a single exposure to a low dose of carcinogen that by itself causes no (or few) tumors. In contrast, for tumors to develop from initiated cells, repeated treatment with tumor promoters is necessary, and it has been suggested that, during this time span, initiated cells are induced to giv ...
the process of selection of erythromycin
... wavy configuration. The matrix becomes denser and some plates begin to appear. Mitochondria are more elongated and more slender, some even collapse. No 'resistantlooking' mitochondria are yet observable. Although this cell looks cytologically like a pure sensitive one, one of its sister cells is alr ...
... wavy configuration. The matrix becomes denser and some plates begin to appear. Mitochondria are more elongated and more slender, some even collapse. No 'resistantlooking' mitochondria are yet observable. Although this cell looks cytologically like a pure sensitive one, one of its sister cells is alr ...
Efficient Endosomal Localization of Major Histocompatibility
... wild type Ii molecule. These data suggest a division in trafficking of Ii trimers: if two wild type Ii molecules are present, the complex is transported to and rapidly degraded in endosomes, whereas the presence of only one wild type Ii results in trafficking and expression of the heterotrimer on th ...
... wild type Ii molecule. These data suggest a division in trafficking of Ii trimers: if two wild type Ii molecules are present, the complex is transported to and rapidly degraded in endosomes, whereas the presence of only one wild type Ii results in trafficking and expression of the heterotrimer on th ...
Genetic transformation of HeLa cells by Agrobacterium - igem
... Simian-virus-40 early promoter, which is specific for mammalian cells. pNeo was introduced then into the Agrobacterium helperstrain C58C1, harboring the Ti plasmid pGV3850 (16), which serves as a source of vir-gene products in a binary transformation system. For control experiments, pNeo was introdu ...
... Simian-virus-40 early promoter, which is specific for mammalian cells. pNeo was introduced then into the Agrobacterium helperstrain C58C1, harboring the Ti plasmid pGV3850 (16), which serves as a source of vir-gene products in a binary transformation system. For control experiments, pNeo was introdu ...
Cook Dev Cell 2003
... (F–H) Wild-type rh3 expression (F) is lost by the insertion of three wild-type seq56 sequences (A/B)3, but is maintained with the introduction of three mutant seq56 elements (A/b)3 (H). ...
... (F–H) Wild-type rh3 expression (F) is lost by the insertion of three wild-type seq56 sequences (A/B)3, but is maintained with the introduction of three mutant seq56 elements (A/b)3 (H). ...
Myeloma-Specific Multiple Peptides Able to Generate Cytotoxic T
... multiple myeloma (11, 12). High amounts of immunoglobulin produced by plasma cells evoke estrogen receptor (ER) stress, which in turn activates IRE1-mediated XBP1 expression and subsequently mRNA splicing during plasma cell differentiation (10, 13, 14). As a consequence, the relative mRNA expression ...
... multiple myeloma (11, 12). High amounts of immunoglobulin produced by plasma cells evoke estrogen receptor (ER) stress, which in turn activates IRE1-mediated XBP1 expression and subsequently mRNA splicing during plasma cell differentiation (10, 13, 14). As a consequence, the relative mRNA expression ...
Biology of Tooth Movement
... discrepancy. It has been demonstrated that these inflammatory modulators potentially resorb bone. Leukotrienes, which are also metabolites of Arachidonic acid, were originally demonstrated in leukocytes and were called leukotrienes. It is possible then, since prostaglandins are not fully responsible ...
... discrepancy. It has been demonstrated that these inflammatory modulators potentially resorb bone. Leukotrienes, which are also metabolites of Arachidonic acid, were originally demonstrated in leukocytes and were called leukotrienes. It is possible then, since prostaglandins are not fully responsible ...
Diefenbach, A., and D.H. Raulet. 2002. The innate immune response to tumors and its role in the induction of T cell immunity. Immunological Reviews 188:9-21.
... tumors in aged mutant mice specifically lacking T and B cells as a result of a targeted mutation of the Rag-2 gene (23). Significantly, the same analysis indicated an independent role for the innate immune response in tumor immunity. When compared to Rag-2-mutant mice, mice deficient in both Rag-2 a ...
... tumors in aged mutant mice specifically lacking T and B cells as a result of a targeted mutation of the Rag-2 gene (23). Significantly, the same analysis indicated an independent role for the innate immune response in tumor immunity. When compared to Rag-2-mutant mice, mice deficient in both Rag-2 a ...
CHOI, JOON W., EVELYN B. SHERR, AND BARRY F. SHERR
... observed: the number of NV cells doubled during the initial 6 h prior to an increase in total cell counts. These results show that some bacteria without visible nucleoids are capable of becoming NV cells, and thus have DNA in a nucleoid region not detectable with the method used here. ...
... observed: the number of NV cells doubled during the initial 6 h prior to an increase in total cell counts. These results show that some bacteria without visible nucleoids are capable of becoming NV cells, and thus have DNA in a nucleoid region not detectable with the method used here. ...
Burst and tonic firing in thalamic cells of
... (Fig. 4A). One cluster, at the lower right, has prespike and postspike intervals, respectively, of $100 ms and #4 ms, which again represent the first spikes in bursts. A second cluster, at the lower left with prespike and postspike intervals #4 ms, is the second to penultimate spikes in bursts. The ...
... (Fig. 4A). One cluster, at the lower right, has prespike and postspike intervals, respectively, of $100 ms and #4 ms, which again represent the first spikes in bursts. A second cluster, at the lower left with prespike and postspike intervals #4 ms, is the second to penultimate spikes in bursts. The ...
Regenerative medicine in dermatology: biomaterials, tissue
... replacement or regeneration of cells, tissue or organs to restore impaired function because of congenital defects, disease, trauma and ageing. It combines several technological approaches including, the use of soluble molecules, gene therapy, stem cell transplantation, tissue engineering and the rep ...
... replacement or regeneration of cells, tissue or organs to restore impaired function because of congenital defects, disease, trauma and ageing. It combines several technological approaches including, the use of soluble molecules, gene therapy, stem cell transplantation, tissue engineering and the rep ...
Introduction to the Schwann cell - Assets
... nerves are ensheathed by rows of Schwann cells, in the form of either one Schwann cell to each axonal length, or in Remak bundles, formed when an individual Schwann cell envelopes lengths of multiple unmyelinated axons (Figures 1.2, 1.3 and 1.4b). There is now a large body of evidence that defines a ...
... nerves are ensheathed by rows of Schwann cells, in the form of either one Schwann cell to each axonal length, or in Remak bundles, formed when an individual Schwann cell envelopes lengths of multiple unmyelinated axons (Figures 1.2, 1.3 and 1.4b). There is now a large body of evidence that defines a ...
Leaf growth in grasses is determined by the cell division and
... sheath (i.e., the leaf growth zone), which is highly distinct and relatively simply organized (Hu et al. 2005). Thus, the grass leaf presents a good opportunity to study general leaf growth processes in plants. Leaf growth in wheat, as for other plants like rice, barley, maize and sorghum, is one of ...
... sheath (i.e., the leaf growth zone), which is highly distinct and relatively simply organized (Hu et al. 2005). Thus, the grass leaf presents a good opportunity to study general leaf growth processes in plants. Leaf growth in wheat, as for other plants like rice, barley, maize and sorghum, is one of ...
During Cytokinesis Light Chain, Tctex
... another mouse t complex-encoded protein, Tctex-2, which has limited sequence similarity to Tctex-1, was also recently identified as a light chain component of flagellar dynein in Chlamydomonas (44), and a Tctex-1 homologue in the same species exhibits 60% identity to the mouse protein (41). To bette ...
... another mouse t complex-encoded protein, Tctex-2, which has limited sequence similarity to Tctex-1, was also recently identified as a light chain component of flagellar dynein in Chlamydomonas (44), and a Tctex-1 homologue in the same species exhibits 60% identity to the mouse protein (41). To bette ...
Planar cell polarity signalling regulates cell adhesion properties in
... incubated in 2.5 mg/ml concanavalin A (ConA, Sigma) overnight at 4°C and rinsed in 1⫻ PBS prior to use. Plasma-activated microscope slides (GoldSeal) were prepared using a two-well coating mask (nAmbition) to obtain an adhesive and non-adhesive substrate. One well was filled with 50 l of heatinacti ...
... incubated in 2.5 mg/ml concanavalin A (ConA, Sigma) overnight at 4°C and rinsed in 1⫻ PBS prior to use. Plasma-activated microscope slides (GoldSeal) were prepared using a two-well coating mask (nAmbition) to obtain an adhesive and non-adhesive substrate. One well was filled with 50 l of heatinacti ...
Somite-derived cells replace ventral aortic
... characterized by the presence of small groups of HCs, the intraaortic clusters, protruding into the aortic lumen; HCs appear in close association with vascular endothelial cells (ECs) lining the vessel; aortic hematopoiesis is extremely transient, being detected between embryonic days (E) 3 to 4 in ...
... characterized by the presence of small groups of HCs, the intraaortic clusters, protruding into the aortic lumen; HCs appear in close association with vascular endothelial cells (ECs) lining the vessel; aortic hematopoiesis is extremely transient, being detected between embryonic days (E) 3 to 4 in ...
Journal of Plant Growth Regulation
... A comparison of these associations offers the opportunity to consider which features are shared by broadly divergent host-symbiont interactions and which characteristics may be particular to interactions with either plants or animals, but not both. In addition, because both of these symbioses are co ...
... A comparison of these associations offers the opportunity to consider which features are shared by broadly divergent host-symbiont interactions and which characteristics may be particular to interactions with either plants or animals, but not both. In addition, because both of these symbioses are co ...
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... simplest self-replicating bacteria (82). These microorganisms lack a rigid cell wall and are bound by a single membrane, the plasma membrane. Wall-less bacteria were first described 100 years ago, and now over 190 species, widely distributed among humans, animals, insects and plants, are known (88). ...
... simplest self-replicating bacteria (82). These microorganisms lack a rigid cell wall and are bound by a single membrane, the plasma membrane. Wall-less bacteria were first described 100 years ago, and now over 190 species, widely distributed among humans, animals, insects and plants, are known (88). ...
Homologous pairing and the role of pairing centers in meiosis
... Specific, but similar, target sequences for each of the zinc-finger proteins have recently been identified and found to be enriched in the PC regions of the appropriate chromosomes. These sequences are repeats of varying length and spacing that all have similar 12-bp core sequences, which have been ...
... Specific, but similar, target sequences for each of the zinc-finger proteins have recently been identified and found to be enriched in the PC regions of the appropriate chromosomes. These sequences are repeats of varying length and spacing that all have similar 12-bp core sequences, which have been ...
Full text in pdf format
... (BSA)];33 % was considered surface bound (accessible to BSA). The cellular distribution of aminopeptidase activity is consistent with the model that cell surface aminopeptidase generate oligomers which diffuse into the periplasm where they are monomerized by the high aminopeptidase activity in an en ...
... (BSA)];33 % was considered surface bound (accessible to BSA). The cellular distribution of aminopeptidase activity is consistent with the model that cell surface aminopeptidase generate oligomers which diffuse into the periplasm where they are monomerized by the high aminopeptidase activity in an en ...
Building and Breaking Bridges between Sister Chromatids
... kinetochores. It is nevertheless clear that sister chromatid cohesion must have a key role in generating the tension needed to stabilize ...
... kinetochores. It is nevertheless clear that sister chromatid cohesion must have a key role in generating the tension needed to stabilize ...
Bacterial Filament Systems: Toward Understanding Their Emergent
... For the second task of finding the middle of the cell, cells create spatial gradients of depolymerizing factors: maximal at the poles, minimal at mid-cell (Fig. 2c). These gradients can be positioned in different ways. In Caulobacter crescentus, the FtsZ inhibitor MipZ associates with ParB, which bi ...
... For the second task of finding the middle of the cell, cells create spatial gradients of depolymerizing factors: maximal at the poles, minimal at mid-cell (Fig. 2c). These gradients can be positioned in different ways. In Caulobacter crescentus, the FtsZ inhibitor MipZ associates with ParB, which bi ...
Mitosis
Mitosis is a part of the cell cycle in which chromosomes in a cell nucleus are separated into two identical sets of chromosomes, each in its own nucleus. In general, mitosis (division of the nucleus) is often followed by cytokinesis, which divides the cytoplasm, organelles and cell membrane into two new cells containing roughly equal shares of these cellular components. Mitosis and cytokinesis together define the mitotic (M) phase of an animal cell cycle—the division of the mother cell into two daughter cells, genetically identical to each other and to their parent cell.The process of mitosis is divided into stages corresponding to the completion of one set of activities and the start of the next. These stages are prophase, prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase. During mitosis, the chromosomes, which have already duplicated, condense and attach to fibers that pull one copy of each chromosome to opposite sides of the cell. The result is two genetically identical daughter nuclei. The cell may then divide by cytokinesis to produce two daughter cells. Producing three or more daughter cells instead of normal two is a mitotic error called tripolar mitosis or multipolar mitosis (direct cell triplication / multiplication). Other errors during mitosis can induce apoptosis (programmed cell death) or cause mutations. Certain types of cancer can arise from such mutations.Mitosis occurs only in eukaryotic cells and the process varies in different organisms. For example, animals undergo an ""open"" mitosis, where the nuclear envelope breaks down before the chromosomes separate, while fungi undergo a ""closed"" mitosis, where chromosomes divide within an intact cell nucleus. Furthermore, most animal cells undergo a shape change, known as mitotic cell rounding, to adopt a near spherical morphology at the start of mitosis. Prokaryotic cells, which lack a nucleus, divide by a different process called binary fission.