Building and Breaking Bridges between Sister Chromatids
... kinetochores. It is nevertheless clear that sister chromatid cohesion must have a key role in generating the tension needed to stabilize ...
... kinetochores. It is nevertheless clear that sister chromatid cohesion must have a key role in generating the tension needed to stabilize ...
Protozoa as Model System for Studies of
... ciliates avoid lighted areas are not clear at present. It is known that prolonged cell exposure to intensive light levels in the visible range causes significant disturbances in the occurrence of the photophobic response in both ciliates and can even lead to their death as a result of the photodynam ...
... ciliates avoid lighted areas are not clear at present. It is known that prolonged cell exposure to intensive light levels in the visible range causes significant disturbances in the occurrence of the photophobic response in both ciliates and can even lead to their death as a result of the photodynam ...
Epstein-Barr virus inhibits the development of dendritic cells by
... class II adhesion and costimulatory molecules, and it is generally assumed that this immunogenic phenotype is responsible for the extensive expansion of reactive T cells that characterize infectious mononucleosis. However, LCLs cannot activate EBVspecific CD8⫹ T cells from naive donors. This is cons ...
... class II adhesion and costimulatory molecules, and it is generally assumed that this immunogenic phenotype is responsible for the extensive expansion of reactive T cells that characterize infectious mononucleosis. However, LCLs cannot activate EBVspecific CD8⫹ T cells from naive donors. This is cons ...
PDF
... The study of development concerns itself with some of the most daunting and conceptually difficult problems in biology. How do specialized cells and tissues differentiate from their more simple progenitors during embryonic development and become organized into a three-dimensional architectural frame ...
... The study of development concerns itself with some of the most daunting and conceptually difficult problems in biology. How do specialized cells and tissues differentiate from their more simple progenitors during embryonic development and become organized into a three-dimensional architectural frame ...
pdf - John Innes Centre
... anatomy, and comparative physiology can point to some intriguing correlations that may help to frame questions for future experimental analysis. How did the root nodule symbiosis arise some 60 million years ago (Soltis et al., 1995), and what were the most probable antecedents? Legumes belong to the ...
... anatomy, and comparative physiology can point to some intriguing correlations that may help to frame questions for future experimental analysis. How did the root nodule symbiosis arise some 60 million years ago (Soltis et al., 1995), and what were the most probable antecedents? Legumes belong to the ...
Targeting CD45RB alters T cell migration and delays viral clearance
... CD8+ T cell recall response during secondary infection (5–8). As we have focused on the primary infection, we have concentrated our investigations on CD8+ T cells. CD45 is expressed on all nucleated hematopoietic cells and is a receptor tyrosine phosphatase critical for antigen-specific B and T cell ...
... CD8+ T cell recall response during secondary infection (5–8). As we have focused on the primary infection, we have concentrated our investigations on CD8+ T cells. CD45 is expressed on all nucleated hematopoietic cells and is a receptor tyrosine phosphatase critical for antigen-specific B and T cell ...
Extracellular Trapping of Soil Contaminants by Root Border Cells
... Abstract: Soil and water pollution by metals and other toxic chemicals is difficult to measure and control, and, as such, presents an ongoing global threat to sustainable agriculture and human health. Efforts to remove contaminants by plant-mediated pathways, or “phytoremediation”, though widely stu ...
... Abstract: Soil and water pollution by metals and other toxic chemicals is difficult to measure and control, and, as such, presents an ongoing global threat to sustainable agriculture and human health. Efforts to remove contaminants by plant-mediated pathways, or “phytoremediation”, though widely stu ...
View PDF
... The elimination of senescent cells is an attractive avenue for developing new interventions to treat age-related pathologies, and several laboratories are searching for small molecules that might be of potential interest for future clinical studies (see (Dorr et al., 2013) for an example). In the sk ...
... The elimination of senescent cells is an attractive avenue for developing new interventions to treat age-related pathologies, and several laboratories are searching for small molecules that might be of potential interest for future clinical studies (see (Dorr et al., 2013) for an example). In the sk ...
Chapter 7 Membrane Structure and Function
... 25) The formulation of a model for a structure or for a process serves which of the following purposes? A) It asks a scientific question. B) It functions as a testable hypothesis. C) It records observations. D) It serves as a data point among results. E) It can only be arrived at after years of expe ...
... 25) The formulation of a model for a structure or for a process serves which of the following purposes? A) It asks a scientific question. B) It functions as a testable hypothesis. C) It records observations. D) It serves as a data point among results. E) It can only be arrived at after years of expe ...
AP & Regents Biology
... tube-shaped dead cells only their walls provide a system of microscopic ...
... tube-shaped dead cells only their walls provide a system of microscopic ...
Origin of diderm (Gram-negative) bacteria
... Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s10482-011-9616-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. ...
... Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s10482-011-9616-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. ...
Cytostatic factor: an activity that puts the cell cycle on hold
... if one assumes that Emi1 behaves differently in meiosis and mitosis. However, the function of Emi1 as a CSF component was further called into question when Kishimoto and colleagues reported that endogenous Emi1 is undetectable in CSF-arrested Xenopus oocytes (Ohsumi et al., 2004). Furthermore, these ...
... if one assumes that Emi1 behaves differently in meiosis and mitosis. However, the function of Emi1 as a CSF component was further called into question when Kishimoto and colleagues reported that endogenous Emi1 is undetectable in CSF-arrested Xenopus oocytes (Ohsumi et al., 2004). Furthermore, these ...
Plant mitochondria move on F-actin, but their positioning in the
... the mitochondria form additional aggregates, showing no particular orientation (Fig. 3G). From the onset of elongation on, cells contain many more mitochondria (Fig. 3C). Active movement in the cortical cytoplasm is restricted to vacuole bordering cytoplasmic strands and in the areas which are devoi ...
... the mitochondria form additional aggregates, showing no particular orientation (Fig. 3G). From the onset of elongation on, cells contain many more mitochondria (Fig. 3C). Active movement in the cortical cytoplasm is restricted to vacuole bordering cytoplasmic strands and in the areas which are devoi ...
Diefenbach, A., J.K. Hsia, M.Y. Hsiung, and D.H. Raulet. 2003. A novel ligand for the NKG2D receptor activates NK cells and macrophages and induces tumor immunity. Eur J Immunol 33:381-391.
... In contrast to class I MHC molecules, H60 and Rae1 proteins lack an § 3 domain. Interestingly, all known ligands for mouse NKG2D map close to the telomeric region of mouse chromosome 10 [7, 12, 13]. Significantly, the syntenic region on human chromosome 6 contains a similar group of proteins various ...
... In contrast to class I MHC molecules, H60 and Rae1 proteins lack an § 3 domain. Interestingly, all known ligands for mouse NKG2D map close to the telomeric region of mouse chromosome 10 [7, 12, 13]. Significantly, the syntenic region on human chromosome 6 contains a similar group of proteins various ...
Arsenic Trioxide-Dependent Activation of Thousand-and
... Giafis et al., 2006). Furthermore, downstream effectors of this pathway activated by arsenic trioxide, including the mitogen- and stress-activated kinase 1 (Kannan-Thulasiraman et al., 2006) and the MAPK-interacting kinases 1 and 2 (Dolniak et al., 2008), have been identified, and their involvement ...
... Giafis et al., 2006). Furthermore, downstream effectors of this pathway activated by arsenic trioxide, including the mitogen- and stress-activated kinase 1 (Kannan-Thulasiraman et al., 2006) and the MAPK-interacting kinases 1 and 2 (Dolniak et al., 2008), have been identified, and their involvement ...
Anticancer Properties of Cardiac Glycosides
... receptor pathway, and the deregulation of their expression is a major cause of chemoresistance and immune escape in cancers [48]. Recently, Sreenivasna and colleagues investigated whether oleandrin triggers the expression of the Fas receptor to potentiate apoptosis in cancer cells without affecting ...
... receptor pathway, and the deregulation of their expression is a major cause of chemoresistance and immune escape in cancers [48]. Recently, Sreenivasna and colleagues investigated whether oleandrin triggers the expression of the Fas receptor to potentiate apoptosis in cancer cells without affecting ...
The importance of foetal movement for co
... Muscle-controlled movement begins early and continues throughout embryonic development. In humans, the first foetal movement is recorded at nine weeks postmenstrual age (approximately Carnegie stage 184) just after innervation of the forelimbs during Carnegie stages 14 to 175 as the skeletal rudimen ...
... Muscle-controlled movement begins early and continues throughout embryonic development. In humans, the first foetal movement is recorded at nine weeks postmenstrual age (approximately Carnegie stage 184) just after innervation of the forelimbs during Carnegie stages 14 to 175 as the skeletal rudimen ...
Expression of the RET Receptor Tyrosine Kinase and GDNFR
... which a small population of self-renewing primitive progenitors generates an offspring of increasingly differentiated end cells with specific functional activities.1 This process is controlled by a number of growth factors and cytokines,1 with some of them exerting their specific functions through t ...
... which a small population of self-renewing primitive progenitors generates an offspring of increasingly differentiated end cells with specific functional activities.1 This process is controlled by a number of growth factors and cytokines,1 with some of them exerting their specific functions through t ...
Cellular Receptors and Signal Transduction in Molluscan
... and Purton, 1996). A number of receptors from hemocytes of gastropod molluscs have been identified based on crossreactivity with various anti-receptor antibodies or through functional assays, although relatively few have been characterized at the molecular level. For the purpose of discussion here, ...
... and Purton, 1996). A number of receptors from hemocytes of gastropod molluscs have been identified based on crossreactivity with various anti-receptor antibodies or through functional assays, although relatively few have been characterized at the molecular level. For the purpose of discussion here, ...
Tracheary Element Differentiation
... Figure 1 shows a summary of TE differentiation illustrating the different stages of vessel development referred to in this review. TEs are only one of several xylem cell types. They are easily identified by their characteristic patterned SCW, which is confined to the lateral sides of the cell and excl ...
... Figure 1 shows a summary of TE differentiation illustrating the different stages of vessel development referred to in this review. TEs are only one of several xylem cell types. They are easily identified by their characteristic patterned SCW, which is confined to the lateral sides of the cell and excl ...
A Cellular Adventure Reader`s Theater Characters: 1. Teacher 2
... Ryan: Hello, are you the Nucleus? Nucleus: Who goes there? Ryan: My name is Ryan. I just want to get out of here. Nucleus: You don’t leave here until I say so. Come here. Come a bit closer. I want to take a good look at you. Are you a lost lipid? Ryan? I am NOT a lipid! Nucleus: I know who you are. ...
... Ryan: Hello, are you the Nucleus? Nucleus: Who goes there? Ryan: My name is Ryan. I just want to get out of here. Nucleus: You don’t leave here until I say so. Come here. Come a bit closer. I want to take a good look at you. Are you a lost lipid? Ryan? I am NOT a lipid! Nucleus: I know who you are. ...
PPT1 - Ycmou
... But do you know that cell also possess some kind of muscles to its various activities such as transport of cellular organelles in the cytoplasm, for cell division, for its own movement? Yes cells possess the kind of muscles for its above mentioned activities and they are called as cytoskeleton. © 20 ...
... But do you know that cell also possess some kind of muscles to its various activities such as transport of cellular organelles in the cytoplasm, for cell division, for its own movement? Yes cells possess the kind of muscles for its above mentioned activities and they are called as cytoskeleton. © 20 ...
Text - Enlighten - University of Glasgow
... – as well as the fluxes of these ions and other solutes through each transporter. In turn, these variables are affected by intracellular H+ and Ca2+ buffering systems, as well as the cell content of impermeant solutes, mostly of protein, their osmotic coefficients, charge and dependence on pH. Quantit ...
... – as well as the fluxes of these ions and other solutes through each transporter. In turn, these variables are affected by intracellular H+ and Ca2+ buffering systems, as well as the cell content of impermeant solutes, mostly of protein, their osmotic coefficients, charge and dependence on pH. Quantit ...
Mitosis
Mitosis is a part of the cell cycle in which chromosomes in a cell nucleus are separated into two identical sets of chromosomes, each in its own nucleus. In general, mitosis (division of the nucleus) is often followed by cytokinesis, which divides the cytoplasm, organelles and cell membrane into two new cells containing roughly equal shares of these cellular components. Mitosis and cytokinesis together define the mitotic (M) phase of an animal cell cycle—the division of the mother cell into two daughter cells, genetically identical to each other and to their parent cell.The process of mitosis is divided into stages corresponding to the completion of one set of activities and the start of the next. These stages are prophase, prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase. During mitosis, the chromosomes, which have already duplicated, condense and attach to fibers that pull one copy of each chromosome to opposite sides of the cell. The result is two genetically identical daughter nuclei. The cell may then divide by cytokinesis to produce two daughter cells. Producing three or more daughter cells instead of normal two is a mitotic error called tripolar mitosis or multipolar mitosis (direct cell triplication / multiplication). Other errors during mitosis can induce apoptosis (programmed cell death) or cause mutations. Certain types of cancer can arise from such mutations.Mitosis occurs only in eukaryotic cells and the process varies in different organisms. For example, animals undergo an ""open"" mitosis, where the nuclear envelope breaks down before the chromosomes separate, while fungi undergo a ""closed"" mitosis, where chromosomes divide within an intact cell nucleus. Furthermore, most animal cells undergo a shape change, known as mitotic cell rounding, to adopt a near spherical morphology at the start of mitosis. Prokaryotic cells, which lack a nucleus, divide by a different process called binary fission.