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Snímek 1
Snímek 1

Snímek 1
Snímek 1

... Ultrarapid metabolizers may break down some drugs (e.g. some antidepressants) so quickly that the drug does not need to help at usual doses. They may also need a lower dose of a drug, in the case where a drug is metabolized in active metabolites (e.g. in some opioid analgesics) Poor metabolizers hav ...
Polypharmacy: A Look into Over Medicating
Polypharmacy: A Look into Over Medicating

... Have patients “brown bag” all medications at each office visit, and keep an accurate record of all medications, including over-thecounter medication and herbs. Get into the habit of identifying all drugs by generic name and drug class. Make certain the drug being prescribed has a clinical indication ...
From Bench to Bedside: Clinical Application of Genomic Information
From Bench to Bedside: Clinical Application of Genomic Information

...  Understand relationship between genetics & health.  Link medication history, medication regimen, and drug responses.  Identify at risk individuals who may have altered drug effects.  Assist in identifying the most optimal analgesic medication. ...
Understanding an Important Variable in Patient Response
Understanding an Important Variable in Patient Response

... For an electronic version of this article, visit www.hanstenandhorn.com. ...
Pharmacological conversion of atrial fibrillation
Pharmacological conversion of atrial fibrillation

...  Approximately 100,000 in human genome  Highly informative ...
the session PowerPoint
the session PowerPoint

... instructions based on PK studies and occasionally PK-PD modelling  No need for RCTs – in fact, would be impractical ...
1301 Pharmacology Drug List
1301 Pharmacology Drug List

... EEG patters, pain 2. CV: CV collapse, bradycardia, hypotension 3. Respiratory: respiratory depression, apnea Nursing Implications 1. Monitor periodic hepatic, renal, and hematopoietic function studies in patients receiving repeated or prolonged therapy. 2. Monitor elderly patients for dizziness, ata ...
Слайд 1 - SvitPPT
Слайд 1 - SvitPPT

... antihypertensive drug, was markedly increased because of impaired metabolism. Group of Germany physicians independently observed increased side effects associated with decreased oxidative metabolism of sparteine, an alkaloid drug with antiarrhythmic actions . Family studies revealed that both oxidat ...
Ethnopharmacology Presentation (powerpoint file)
Ethnopharmacology Presentation (powerpoint file)

drug
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... - application of genomic concepts & technologies to the study of drug activity & metabolism - genotyping of patients based on clinically-relevant genetic polymorphisms (eg. SNPs linked to disease susceptibility…) - study of how human genetic makeup influences drug response (efficacy & toxicity of dr ...
The New York Times
The New York Times

... A. The same medicine we use to treat leukemia is also prescribed for Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. So that same genetic test could be employed to reduce side effects with those conditions. At the moment, there seems to be a lot of promise for pharmacogenetics in the treatment of arthritis, ...
powerpoint - Med Referrals
powerpoint - Med Referrals

... Biosciences and Biotechnology from Arizona State University. He began his career working in research in the Department of Gene and Cellular Therapy at the Arizona Heart Institute where he helped to develop an investigational stem cell therapy for heart failure and was responsible for the cell manufa ...
1a: Overall success rates for bringing novel medicines
1a: Overall success rates for bringing novel medicines

Pharmacogenomics and nutrigenomics
Pharmacogenomics and nutrigenomics

... Metabolism: Isozymes CYP2D6 and CYP3A3/4 are responsible for the metabolism of cevimeline. After 24 hours 86.7% of the dose was recovered (16.0% Unchanged, 44.5% as cis and trans-sulfoxide, 22.3% of the dose as glucuronic acid conjugate and 4% of the dose as Noxide of cevimeline). Approximately 8% o ...
Pharmacogenomics
Pharmacogenomics

... System between 1969 and May 2012 identified 10 deaths and 3 overdoses in children who had been treated with codeine; 7 of the cases were also reported in the medical literature. Of the 13 cases, 8 occurred in children after adenotonsillectomy ...
PPT
PPT

... across departments to reduce the percentage of medications given late to hospital patients by: •Posting laminated cards at each med station with information about which medications are stored there and where to find drugs that are delivered and stored elsewhere. •Delivering drugs to the Med-Surg dep ...
Catherine Brownstein
Catherine Brownstein

Problems with Rx Drugs
Problems with Rx Drugs

... • Pharmaceutical development and therapeutic strategies in the coming years. • Safer, more effective drugs. • Better diagnostics, and improved clinical trials, it may even lead to an era of "personalized medicine" where therapies are tailored to the genetic makeup of different populations. ...
Lecture 26_web
Lecture 26_web

... – Intramuscularly (IM) – Intravenously (IV) Inhalation Absorption through mucous membranes ...
DESIGNER DRUGS
DESIGNER DRUGS

... sensitive Three alleles of ACE correlated with sodium sensitivity Sodium resistant allele: 25% were sodium sensitive 71% with sodium sensitive allele and 83% with both alleles were sodium sensitive Study is useful because it allows scientists to see which individuals are in need of more salt managem ...
The Promise of Pharmacogenomics
The Promise of Pharmacogenomics

... genetic differences are known, drugs can be matched to the variations. An ability to identify and target specific proteins and ...
European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology Volume 64 • Number 9
European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology Volume 64 • Number 9

... Contrast-media-induced hypersensitivity or allergic/ allergic-like reactions? Suggestion for a more appropriate use of the nomenclature [.Bohm-H.Schild 931 "Allergic-like/allergic" or "hypersensitivity" reactions? An open debate on ADR terminology F. Lapi ■ A. Mugelli ■ A. Vannacci 933 ...
Genetics and Critical Illness
Genetics and Critical Illness

... Genetics and Critical Illness ...
Cytochrome P450 BM3 as versatile biocatalytic tool in drug development Vanina Rea
Cytochrome P450 BM3 as versatile biocatalytic tool in drug development Vanina Rea

... ...
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Pharmacogenomics

Pharmacogenomics (a portmanteau of pharmacology and genomics) is the study of the role of genetics in drug response. It deals with the influence of acquired and inherited genetic variation on drug response in patients by correlating gene expression or single-nucleotide polymorphisms with drug absorption, distribution, metabolism and elimination, as well as drug receptor target effects. The term pharmacogenomics is often used interchangeably with pharmacogenetics. Although both terms relate to drug response based on genetic influences, pharmacogenetics focuses on single drug-gene interactions, while pharmacogenomics encompasses a more genome-wide association approach, incorporating genomics and epigenetics while dealing with the effects of multiple genes on drug response.Pharmacogenomics aims to develop rational means to optimize drug therapy, with respect to the patients' genotype, to ensure maximum efficacy with minimal adverse effects. Through the utilization of pharmacogenomics, it is hoped that drug treatments can deviate from what is dubbed as the “one-dose-fits-all” approach. It attempts to eliminate the trial-and-error method of prescribing, allowing physicians to take into consideration their patient’s genes, the functionality of these genes, and how this may affect the efficacy of the patient’s current and/or future treatments (and where applicable, provide an explanation for the failure of past treatments). Such approaches promise the advent of ""personalized medicine""; in which drugs and drug combinations are optimized for each individual's unique genetic makeup. Whether used to explain a patient’s response or lack thereof to a treatment, or act as a predictive tool, it hopes to achieve better treatment outcomes, greater efficacy, minimization of the occurrence of drug toxicities and adverse drug reactions (ADRs). For patients who have lack of therapeutic response to a treatment, alternative therapies can be prescribed that would best suit their requirements. In order to provide pharmacogenomic-based recommendations for a given drug, two possible types of input can be used: genotyping or exome or whole genome sequencing. Sequencing provides many more data points, including detection of mutations that prematurely terminate the synthesized protein (early stop codon).
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