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Rational prescription
Rational prescription

... Avoid drugs if therapeutic advantage not supported by independent evidence Avoid drugs with poor risk/benefit ratios Review regularly and terminate if no longer needed ...
Pharmacogenomics: Translating Functional Genomics into Rational
Pharmacogenomics: Translating Functional Genomics into Rational

... codon in mRNA ...
Hrvatsko društvo za kliničku psihijatriju
Hrvatsko društvo za kliničku psihijatriju

... extensive (EM) or ultra fast metabolizers (UM) (Bondy and Spellmann, 2007.). Mutant alleles differ from normal alleles by point mutations, gene deletions or gene duplications. The poor metabolizers have inactive allelic variant, intermediate metabolizers have at least one copy of an active gene and ...
Basic Pharmacology
Basic Pharmacology

... Considerations for All Patients • Diet can affect drug therapy • Ex: Cardiac Glycosides (Digoxin) shouldn’t be taken with large amounts of dietary fiber: reduces absorption of med in the bloodstream. • Psychosocial effects • OTC medications interactions ...
PHARMACOLOGY AND PRINCIPLES OF DRUG ACTION
PHARMACOLOGY AND PRINCIPLES OF DRUG ACTION

... The main branches of pharmacology The interactions of chemicals are divided into two categories:- ...
Pharmacokinetics
Pharmacokinetics

... Two Drug Agonists Attach to the Receptor Site. The drug agonist that has an exact fit is a strong agonist and is more biologically active than the weak agonist. ...
Adverse_Reactions_Slideshow
Adverse_Reactions_Slideshow

for immediate release by the drug control authority ministry
for immediate release by the drug control authority ministry

... The Drug Control Authority (DCA) is issuing this public statement to inform patients and health care professionals about new safety concerns relating to Zelmac (tegaserod maleate). A new safety analysis conducted by the United States Food and Drug Administration (US FDA) on Zelnorm (the brand name u ...
It is not known whether norfloxacin is excreted in human milk
It is not known whether norfloxacin is excreted in human milk

Adverse Drug Reactions - University of Bristol
Adverse Drug Reactions - University of Bristol

... • Never use any drug unless there is good indication. If the patient is pregnant do not use the drug unless the need is imperative. • Allergy and idiosyncrasy are important causes of ADRs. Ask if the patient had previous reactions. • Ask if the patient is already taking other drugs including self me ...
1.-Pain-Management
1.-Pain-Management

... CYP2D6 Poor Metabolizer (PM): This patient’s genotype is consistent with a lack of CYP2D6 enzymatic activity. PMs are at increased risk of drug-induced side effects due to diminished drug elimination of active drugs or lack of therapeutic effect resulting from failure to generate the active form of ...
Review of Intestinal Drug Absorption and Intestinal
Review of Intestinal Drug Absorption and Intestinal

... Kim, et al. Identification of functionally variant MDR1 alleles among European Americans and African Americans. Clin ...
Contraindicated/Precaution Medications
Contraindicated/Precaution Medications

... that slow heart rate (e.g., beta blockers, heart-rate lowering calcium channel blockers such as Diltiazem or Verapamil, or Digoxin). Because the initiation of GILENYA treatment is also associated with slowing of the heart rate, concomitant use of these drugs during GILENYA initiation may be associat ...
www.omics-ethics.org Revue de littérature: Mars
www.omics-ethics.org Revue de littérature: Mars

... pharmacovigilance  methods  concerns  not  only  new  drugs  but  also  existing  drugs  that  have   been   used   for   many   years   in   an   off-­‐label   manner   in   children.   Effective   methods   for   early   detection   of   ...
Personalized Medicine Class of 2016
Personalized Medicine Class of 2016

... measurable environmental/behavioral factors would be used for a personalized treatment and diagnosis ...
Document
Document

... -P450- genetic variations in the CYP2D6 4-hydroxylase -Extensive metabolizers; or -poor metabolizers no pain relief from codeine prodrug for morphine catalyzed by CYP2D6 4-hydroxylase Other genetic variations- 1:3000 occurrence atypical cholinesterasewill not metabolize topical anasthetic succinycho ...
OTC Plus Slide Presentation
OTC Plus Slide Presentation

... • AMCP is a national professional association – Pharmacists and other health care practitioners – > 6,000 members – Provide clinical, educational and business management services and strategies on behalf of the > 200 million Americans covered by managed care pharmacy benefits ...
General
General

... How is Codeine metabolized? ...
Minoli Perera, PharmD, PhD - Department of Pharmacology
Minoli Perera, PharmD, PhD - Department of Pharmacology

... The rapid progress in pharmacogenomics has meant that many academic hospitals around the country have begun incorporating genetic biomarkers into the medical record and using this information to guide therapy. However, most of these studies have been conducted in populations of European descent, mea ...
Driver`s take your medicine
Driver`s take your medicine

... warnings on the labels of prescription medicines advising users not to drive after taking the pills. Dr Leung said there was a general belief that when people were prescribed drugs that they were safe to drive while under the medication. ''But that is not always the case. Medications such as sleepin ...
Geriatric Drug-Drug Interactions
Geriatric Drug-Drug Interactions

... • Reduced renal clearance of some drugs, e.g lithium; • Decreased volume of distribution for hydrophilic drugs, e.g. lithium; • Changes in plasma binding proteins, e.g. lower albumin conc.; proportion of non bound valproate is increased; • Changes in effective drug concentration/dose may have clinic ...
Respiratory
Respiratory

... When a Patient is Recovering From a Thrombophlebitis in the Calf of Their Leg, it is Not Unusual to Measure the Diameter of Their ...
Increase in Age Often Means Increase in Meds
Increase in Age Often Means Increase in Meds

... treatment. The challenges are especially great for older patients, not only because they take more medications, but also because they are more likely to suffer from memory loss, confusion and decreased mental capacity. They’re also more likely to have someone else overseeing their care. Drugs can be ...
Genetic
Genetic

... Prescribed drugs are generally effective in about 50% of patients. ...
Tip sheet for cutting down alcohol consumption
Tip sheet for cutting down alcohol consumption

... Responding to the needs of a person who engages in polydrug use is one of many common situations encountered in general practice. It is easy to be overwhelmed by the patient who uses several drugs, and the multiple associated physical, social and psychological problems. In providing a framework for ...
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Pharmacogenomics

Pharmacogenomics (a portmanteau of pharmacology and genomics) is the study of the role of genetics in drug response. It deals with the influence of acquired and inherited genetic variation on drug response in patients by correlating gene expression or single-nucleotide polymorphisms with drug absorption, distribution, metabolism and elimination, as well as drug receptor target effects. The term pharmacogenomics is often used interchangeably with pharmacogenetics. Although both terms relate to drug response based on genetic influences, pharmacogenetics focuses on single drug-gene interactions, while pharmacogenomics encompasses a more genome-wide association approach, incorporating genomics and epigenetics while dealing with the effects of multiple genes on drug response.Pharmacogenomics aims to develop rational means to optimize drug therapy, with respect to the patients' genotype, to ensure maximum efficacy with minimal adverse effects. Through the utilization of pharmacogenomics, it is hoped that drug treatments can deviate from what is dubbed as the “one-dose-fits-all” approach. It attempts to eliminate the trial-and-error method of prescribing, allowing physicians to take into consideration their patient’s genes, the functionality of these genes, and how this may affect the efficacy of the patient’s current and/or future treatments (and where applicable, provide an explanation for the failure of past treatments). Such approaches promise the advent of ""personalized medicine""; in which drugs and drug combinations are optimized for each individual's unique genetic makeup. Whether used to explain a patient’s response or lack thereof to a treatment, or act as a predictive tool, it hopes to achieve better treatment outcomes, greater efficacy, minimization of the occurrence of drug toxicities and adverse drug reactions (ADRs). For patients who have lack of therapeutic response to a treatment, alternative therapies can be prescribed that would best suit their requirements. In order to provide pharmacogenomic-based recommendations for a given drug, two possible types of input can be used: genotyping or exome or whole genome sequencing. Sequencing provides many more data points, including detection of mutations that prematurely terminate the synthesized protein (early stop codon).
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