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8 PHARMACOGENETICS/PHARMACOGENOMICS FACT SHEET
8 PHARMACOGENETICS/PHARMACOGENOMICS FACT SHEET

... because small differences in the DNA code groups that influence a response to certain drugs are more common in certain population groups than others. For example, the effects of drugs called ACE inhibitors (angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors) that improve symptoms and survival in cases of hear ...
Pharmacogenomics: Current applications and future
Pharmacogenomics: Current applications and future

... disclose non-paternity, particularly when other family members have been tested. The pharmacogenetic test may also indicate an increased predisposition to developing certain adverse effects. It may be necessary to undertake family screening, as is currently practised for probabilistic tests such as ...
Determining Your Dose
Determining Your Dose

Cyclobenzaprinehydrochloride - McGraw-Hill
Cyclobenzaprinehydrochloride - McGraw-Hill

... PATIENT’S NAME: MEDICATION: cyclobenzaprine hydrochloride (Brand names include Apo-Cyclobenzaprine, Flexeril, and Novo-Cycloprine.) WHAT IT'S USED FOR: Cyclobenzaprine hydrochloride is used as a muscle relaxant. HOW TO TAKE IT Take drug exactly as prescribed. Don’t increase dosage or stop taking dru ...
Pill poppers, beware - National University Hospital
Pill poppers, beware - National University Hospital

... Ms Quek Zhi Yuan, a pharmacist at the National University Hospital, said no, adding that down-regulation is strictly regulated by the Heath Sciences Authority. 'Usually, drugs which have been down-regulated are those that have been on the market for a long time and widely used by patients, so that t ...
Side Effects
Side Effects

Patient Teaching-atorvastatin calcium - McGraw-Hill
Patient Teaching-atorvastatin calcium - McGraw-Hill

High throughput gene sequencing to identify new genes that cause
High throughput gene sequencing to identify new genes that cause

... myopathies. The life-threatening congenital myopathies are present in all populations, affecting children as well as adults. Considerable progress in human genetics within the past 25 years led to the identification of the molecular basis for 50% of these pathologies. However, the causative mutation ...
11:30 AM Using Genetics for Drug Prescribing: Will it Happen?
11:30 AM Using Genetics for Drug Prescribing: Will it Happen?

Pharmacogenomics in Drug Discovery and Development
Pharmacogenomics in Drug Discovery and Development

... FDA Clears Genetic Lab Test for Warfarin Sensitivity The U.S. Food and Drug Administration today cleared for marketing a new genetic test that will help physicians assess whether a patient may be especially sensitive to the blood-thinning drug warfarin (Coumadin), which is used to prevent potentiall ...
Names
Names

... promote health and relieve symptoms of disease.  Herbal medicine is a form of alternative/complementary medicine  Herbal products are available without a prescription  Remedies can be made from roots, barks, leaves, fruits, berries, and flowers.  Some are effective  Some are not effective  Som ...
Neuroleptic (Antipsychotic) Fact Sheet
Neuroleptic (Antipsychotic) Fact Sheet

... drugs which almost invariably cause birth defects) they should NOT be used in pregnancy. If you might be pregnant, or think you may have become pregnant while taking this medication, ...
Pain Management Module
Pain Management Module

...  Provide reports and assessment of activity, adverse ...
Medicinal and Recreational drugs
Medicinal and Recreational drugs

... Cocaine is one of the highly abused drugs all across the world. Many teenagers are becoming addict of this harmful drug. Most of the people are unaware about the disadvantages of cocaine abuse. This is an area of concern for many countries as their youth is going towards wrong direction. Cocaine can ...
Off Labeling - Crohn`s and Colitis Foundation of America
Off Labeling - Crohn`s and Colitis Foundation of America

... fact, reflect approaches to drug therapy that have been extensively reported in medical literature”. The term “unapproved uses” is, to some extent, misleading. It includes a variety of situations ranging from unstudied to thoroughly investigated drug uses. Valid new uses for drugs already on the mar ...
Myers Module Fifty Four
Myers Module Fifty Four

... Review: Drug or Placebo Effect? For many people, depression lifts while taking an antidepressant drug. But people given a placebo may experience the same effect. Double-blind clinical trials suggest that especially for those with severe depression, antidepressant drugs do have at least a modest clin ...
Merging Marketing and Clinical
Merging Marketing and Clinical

... surveys show. But doctors, regulators and consumer advocates continue to have concerns. A survey of 500 doctors conducted by the FDA last year and presented at the conference asked whether consumer drug ads confused patients about the relative risks and benefits of medicines. Some 70% of general pra ...
Drug Metabolism and Variability among Patients in Drug Response
Drug Metabolism and Variability among Patients in Drug Response

... response among patients are common, often leading to challenges in optimizing a dosage regimen for an individual patient. Most major drugs are effective in only 25 to 60 percent of patients, and more than 2 million cases of adverse drug reactions occur annually in the United States, including 100,00 ...
Narcotics - JustAnswer
Narcotics - JustAnswer

... They actually block certain receptors that send pain information from the point of origin through the nervous system to the brain. Because of the effect these drugs have on the users, they are highly addictive. Some examples of narcotics are: morphine, codeine and heroin. Morphine is a pain medicati ...
Variant prioritization in NGS studies: Candidate gene prioritization
Variant prioritization in NGS studies: Candidate gene prioritization

... For each of these “candidate” genes:" •  Use OMIM to get a broad idea of their function & what diseases they might be involved in (if any)" •  Use Phenolyzer to see what phenotypes are associated with mouse/rat knockout models?" •  Use BioGPS to see which human tissues these genes are expressed in?" ...
Homeopathic drugs
Homeopathic drugs

... the causes of morbidity, but to find the drug with a “symptom profile” most closely resembling that of the patient’s illness. This drug is then applied in very high dilution. ...
Developing Consumer Marketing Claims within the Clinical
Developing Consumer Marketing Claims within the Clinical

... Propulsid  (cisapride) Rezulin  (troglitazone) Lotronex  (alosetron HCl) Raplon  (rapcuronium) Baycol  (cerivaxtatin) Vioxx  (rofecoxib) 92 NME’s from 1998-2000 ...
Tina said you all learned ALOT last week
Tina said you all learned ALOT last week

... enzymes, so that Kidneys can secrete more easily Different people have different enzymes in the liver, thus one may metabolize Zoloft well, but not Prozac. What are the implications for prescribing physicians? ...
Pharmacogenetic and pharmacological treatment in psychiatric
Pharmacogenetic and pharmacological treatment in psychiatric

... Literature’s data show that caucasian population is divided in 7% as poor metabolizer, 36% intermediate metabolizer, 50% extensive and 7% ultrarapid metabolizer 1. The aim of the study is to understand the effects of different metabolic genotype in terms of clinical effectiveness. Materials and meth ...
understanding drugs and medicinces what is the
understanding drugs and medicinces what is the

... The length of time you should take the medicine ...
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Pharmacogenomics

Pharmacogenomics (a portmanteau of pharmacology and genomics) is the study of the role of genetics in drug response. It deals with the influence of acquired and inherited genetic variation on drug response in patients by correlating gene expression or single-nucleotide polymorphisms with drug absorption, distribution, metabolism and elimination, as well as drug receptor target effects. The term pharmacogenomics is often used interchangeably with pharmacogenetics. Although both terms relate to drug response based on genetic influences, pharmacogenetics focuses on single drug-gene interactions, while pharmacogenomics encompasses a more genome-wide association approach, incorporating genomics and epigenetics while dealing with the effects of multiple genes on drug response.Pharmacogenomics aims to develop rational means to optimize drug therapy, with respect to the patients' genotype, to ensure maximum efficacy with minimal adverse effects. Through the utilization of pharmacogenomics, it is hoped that drug treatments can deviate from what is dubbed as the “one-dose-fits-all” approach. It attempts to eliminate the trial-and-error method of prescribing, allowing physicians to take into consideration their patient’s genes, the functionality of these genes, and how this may affect the efficacy of the patient’s current and/or future treatments (and where applicable, provide an explanation for the failure of past treatments). Such approaches promise the advent of ""personalized medicine""; in which drugs and drug combinations are optimized for each individual's unique genetic makeup. Whether used to explain a patient’s response or lack thereof to a treatment, or act as a predictive tool, it hopes to achieve better treatment outcomes, greater efficacy, minimization of the occurrence of drug toxicities and adverse drug reactions (ADRs). For patients who have lack of therapeutic response to a treatment, alternative therapies can be prescribed that would best suit their requirements. In order to provide pharmacogenomic-based recommendations for a given drug, two possible types of input can be used: genotyping or exome or whole genome sequencing. Sequencing provides many more data points, including detection of mutations that prematurely terminate the synthesized protein (early stop codon).
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