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Gene related metabolism of drugs
Gene related metabolism of drugs

... humans, and essentially all have genetic variants, many of which translate into functional changes in the proteins encoded. The cytochrome P-450 enzymes, a superfamily of microsomal drug-metabolizing enzymes, are the most important of the enzymes that catalyze phase I drug metabolism. One member of ...
Pharmacogenomics: The Future of Personalized Medicine
Pharmacogenomics: The Future of Personalized Medicine

...  This patient most likely has a CYP2D6 and CYP2C9 polymorphism  The CYP2C9 polymorphism decreases her metabolic rate of coumadin, leading to a lower dose requirement for her goal INR of 2-3  The analgesic effect of morphine is decreased in CYP2D6 polymorphisms so she will require an analgesic tha ...
Biomedical Informatics and Interdisciplinary Research
Biomedical Informatics and Interdisciplinary Research

... differences have an effect on (1) drug metabolism (pharmacokinetics) or (2) drug action (pharmacodynamics). Personalized Medicine involves understanding how some genetic markers impact drug safety and efficacy, and PREDICTING how a patient will respond to a specific drug/dose (based on the patient’s ...
Pharmacogenomics and Personalized Medicine
Pharmacogenomics and Personalized Medicine

... differences have an effect on (1) drug metabolism (pharmacokinetics) or (2) drug action (pharmacodynamics). Personalized Medicine involves understanding how some genetic markers impact drug safety and efficacy, and PREDICTING how a patient will respond to a specific drug/dose (based on the patient’s ...
Pain Management Medications
Pain Management Medications

... Pharmacogenomics is the area of medicine that analyses how the genetic makeup of an individual affects his/her response to drug treatment. Research studies have shown that genetics may account for much of the variability in patients’ responses. In many patients, certain drugs do not work as well as ...
PharmGKB
PharmGKB

... Pharmacogenes and their key variants ...
Supplementary Figure 1. Distribution of variant properties by gene in
Supplementary Figure 1. Distribution of variant properties by gene in

... each gene with allele frequencies (AF) below 0.1% for all 17,758 genes compared to 806 drug-related genes (pharmacogenes); fraction of variants in gene without corresponding entries in dbSNP, thus deemed novel; fraction of variants that result in the loss of the protein product (loss-of-function, Lo ...
Pharmacogenomics Principles and Concepts
Pharmacogenomics Principles and Concepts

... Division of Pharmacotherapy and Experimental Therapeutics University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Eshelman School of Pharmacy ...
CYP2D6 - PGXL Laboratories
CYP2D6 - PGXL Laboratories

... Coumadin, to explain that people's genetic makeup may influence how they respond to the drug. ...
Louis Niessen MD PhD Management, Erasmus MC, Erasmus University,
Louis Niessen MD PhD Management, Erasmus MC, Erasmus University,

... Economic evaluation of existing and future pharmacogenomics-based treatment strategies: Can there be a generic approach? Ken Redekop, PhD and Louis Niessen, MD, PhD Pharmacogenomics tests help to identify patients who will experience important adverse events or who obtain important benefit from drug ...
Concepts and Tools in Pharmacogenomics
Concepts and Tools in Pharmacogenomics

... • Stretches of up to 30,000 C and G bases repeating over and over often occur adjacent to gene-rich areas, forming a barrier between the genes and the "junk DNA." These CpG islands are believed to help regulate gene activity. • Chromosome 1 has the most genes (2968), and the Y chromosome has the few ...
predict - Vanderbilt University Medical Center
predict - Vanderbilt University Medical Center

... ABCB1; ABCC2; ABCG2; CYP1A1, CYP1A2; CYP2A6; CYP2B6; CYP2C19; CYP2C8; CYP2C9; CYP2D6; CYP2E1; CYP3A4; CYP3A5; DPYD; GSTM1; GSTP1; CSTT1; NAT1; NAT2; SLC15A2; SLC22A1; SLC22A2; SLC22A6; SLC01B1; SLC01B3; SLC02B1; SULT1A1; TPMT; UGT1A1; UGT2B15; UGT2B17; UGT2B7; VKORC1 ...
An Interview with Dr. Marie-Pierre Dubé of the Montreal Heart
An Interview with Dr. Marie-Pierre Dubé of the Montreal Heart

... MPD: Because it’s interesting. There is a long history about whether it is a good idea to raise HDL cholesterol; no Phase III trials have proven the hypothesis yet. One compound, dalcetrapib, was efficacious in raising HDL cholesterol in its Phase III trial, but that did not translate into an overal ...
Pharmacology Objectives 5
Pharmacology Objectives 5

Fact Sheet 21 | PHARMACOGENETICS/PHARMACOGENOMICS
Fact Sheet 21 | PHARMACOGENETICS/PHARMACOGENOMICS

... Factors that influence how an individual responds to medication include their external and internal environments and overall health, as well as their genetic make-up. The goal of pharmacogenomics is to understand the role that an individual’s genetic make-up plays in how well a medicine works, as we ...
Slides
Slides

... Genetic Analysis Permits • More rapid determination of stable therapeutic dose. • Better prediction of dose than clinical methods alone. • Applicable to the 70-75% of patients not in controled anticoagulation centers. • Reduced between 4,500 and 22,000 serious bleeding events annually. • Genetic te ...
Lecture: Pharmacogenomics
Lecture: Pharmacogenomics

... More info on the approved treatment ...
Principles of Pharmacolgy
Principles of Pharmacolgy

... Study of actions of the drug & changes that drugs undergo from absorption to excretion Receptor, Agonist, Antagonist propranolol (Inderal) beta adrenergic antagonist ...
An_Analysis_on impact of_Drugs_based on_Genetics_Elsa_Jose
An_Analysis_on impact of_Drugs_based on_Genetics_Elsa_Jose

... Drugs & Genetics: Why Do Some People Respond to Drugs Differently than Others? Abstract In a survey conducted from 2007 to 2010, the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention reported that about 49% of people in the United States had taken at least one prescription drug during the past month, ...
CYP2D6 - PGXL Laboratories
CYP2D6 - PGXL Laboratories

... CYP2C19 Poor Metabolizer (PM): This patient’s genotype is consistent with significantly reduced CYP2C19 enzymatic activity. PMs are at increased risk of drug-induced side effects due to diminished drug elimination of active drugs. Patients with no CYP2C19 function (PMs) taking clopidogrel lack adequ ...
Document
Document

... - relationship between chemical structure and biologic activity - site of effect localisation - mechanism of action - fate of drug in organism - evaluation of relationship between dose and biologic effect ...
No Slide Title
No Slide Title

... slow ...
Pharmacogenetics - UCSD Cognitive Science
Pharmacogenetics - UCSD Cognitive Science

... person has a disease than to know what sort of disease a person has.” -Hippocrates (460 BC – 370 BC) ...
Pharmacogenetics
Pharmacogenetics

... pharmacologic pathways in statin therapy (previous slide) have an SNP (single nucleotide polymorphism) this will effect the way the drug affect’s the body, thus effecting the RESPONSE of statin in lowering LDL and preventing CVD O A choice of a different statin or another ...
toxicogenomics and the workplace - University of Virginia School of
toxicogenomics and the workplace - University of Virginia School of

... billion per year. It must be assumed that there would be DTC advertising of pharmacogenomicallybased products. ...
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Pharmacogenomics

Pharmacogenomics (a portmanteau of pharmacology and genomics) is the study of the role of genetics in drug response. It deals with the influence of acquired and inherited genetic variation on drug response in patients by correlating gene expression or single-nucleotide polymorphisms with drug absorption, distribution, metabolism and elimination, as well as drug receptor target effects. The term pharmacogenomics is often used interchangeably with pharmacogenetics. Although both terms relate to drug response based on genetic influences, pharmacogenetics focuses on single drug-gene interactions, while pharmacogenomics encompasses a more genome-wide association approach, incorporating genomics and epigenetics while dealing with the effects of multiple genes on drug response.Pharmacogenomics aims to develop rational means to optimize drug therapy, with respect to the patients' genotype, to ensure maximum efficacy with minimal adverse effects. Through the utilization of pharmacogenomics, it is hoped that drug treatments can deviate from what is dubbed as the “one-dose-fits-all” approach. It attempts to eliminate the trial-and-error method of prescribing, allowing physicians to take into consideration their patient’s genes, the functionality of these genes, and how this may affect the efficacy of the patient’s current and/or future treatments (and where applicable, provide an explanation for the failure of past treatments). Such approaches promise the advent of ""personalized medicine""; in which drugs and drug combinations are optimized for each individual's unique genetic makeup. Whether used to explain a patient’s response or lack thereof to a treatment, or act as a predictive tool, it hopes to achieve better treatment outcomes, greater efficacy, minimization of the occurrence of drug toxicities and adverse drug reactions (ADRs). For patients who have lack of therapeutic response to a treatment, alternative therapies can be prescribed that would best suit their requirements. In order to provide pharmacogenomic-based recommendations for a given drug, two possible types of input can be used: genotyping or exome or whole genome sequencing. Sequencing provides many more data points, including detection of mutations that prematurely terminate the synthesized protein (early stop codon).
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