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Coombes_ADR_ PM4144 handouts
Coombes_ADR_ PM4144 handouts

... 1964 Reports of ADRS requested in Australia 1964 Committee on Safety of Drugs - UK 1967 International system to monitor ADRs –WHO 1970 Adverse Drug Reactions Advisory Committee ...
What is a Clinical Pharmacist?
What is a Clinical Pharmacist?

... • The discipline of pharmacy embraces the knowledge on synthesis, chemistry and preparation of drugs • Clinical pharmacy is more oriented to the analysis of population needs with regards to medicines, ways of administration, patterns of use and drugs effects on the patients. • The focus of attention ...
Chapter 7
Chapter 7

... preferred for invasive procedures. Drugs that create sedation and hypnosis include benzodiazepines, barbiturates, opioid agonists, and nonbarbiturate hypnotics. Stimulants excite the central nervous system, while depressants slow brain activity. Drugs that affect the cardiac system may affect heart ...
Goals of pharmacogenomics
Goals of pharmacogenomics

... Among the over- and underexpressed genes, 28 were found to have different expression levels between patients who responded to chemotherapy and those who did not respond. (!)  40 of 44 patients with a certain expression pattern underwent remission.  Compared 3of 20 patients in the other group.  Si ...
BROMHEXINE Elixir Dear patient, Please read the
BROMHEXINE Elixir Dear patient, Please read the

... Please inform your doctor if other medicines are being taken or have been taken recently. No clinically relevant unfavorable interactions with other medications have been reported. Adverse reactions This drug is usually well tolerated when used as directed. The most reported adverse reactions were m ...
Safe Prescribing Working Group (MSC)
Safe Prescribing Working Group (MSC)

... Select medicines with regard to costs and needs of other patients (health-care resources are finite) Be able to identify, access, and use reliable and validated sources of information (e.g. British National Formulary), and evaluate potentially less reliable information critically 7. Write unambiguou ...
Regulatory Authority Mission
Regulatory Authority Mission

... same dose of the same active ingredient, delivered in  the same way, and manufactured according to the  same standards of quality.  • FDA encourages manufacturing using QbD principles,  with emphasis on maintaining Quality and data  integrity.     ...
Drug Safety in the Elderly
Drug Safety in the Elderly

... • Team work – use all competencies ...
DRUGS AFFECTING CLOT FORMATION
DRUGS AFFECTING CLOT FORMATION

... about 3 days; its effects last for 4 to 5 days. Because of the time delay, warfarin is not the drug of choice in an acute situation, but it is convenient and useful for prolonged effects. ...
Patient-Centered Urine Drug Testing
Patient-Centered Urine Drug Testing

... • When truly negative, look for bingeing (ie running out) ...
1301 Pharmacology Drug List
1301 Pharmacology Drug List

... (competitive antagonism); drug has no pharmacologic activity of its own. Major Contraindications/Cautions: 1. Contraindicated in patients hypersensitive to drug. 2. Use cautiously in patients with cardiac irritability or opioid addiction. Abrupt reversal of opioid-induced CNS depression may result i ...
Pharmacology 14b – Adverse Drug Reactions
Pharmacology 14b – Adverse Drug Reactions

... 1. To appreciate the clinical significance of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) 2. To understand the ways in which ADRs can be categorised and why this is of practical relevance in prescribing 3. To understand nature of drug interactions, especially if these lead to important ADRs Adverse drug reactions ...
Gene linkage ppt
Gene linkage ppt

... Allele pairs separate independently during the formation of gametes. ...
Overview of the Regulations and Recommendations
Overview of the Regulations and Recommendations

Cytochrome system and drug metabolism
Cytochrome system and drug metabolism

... This isoenzyme has the most frequent polymorphisms in all CYT P450 When polymorphism occurs   metabolizing capacity of CYP2D6 i.e those who exhibit the polymorphism become poor metabolizers: 1. Metabolism of some drugs neuroleptics, tricyclic antidepressants, antianginals agent ( perihexiline), an ...
L6-2nd year CYTstudents2014-08-23 11:021.1 MB
L6-2nd year CYTstudents2014-08-23 11:021.1 MB

... This isoenzyme has the most frequent polymorphisms in all CYT P450 When polymorphism occurs   metabolizing capacity of CYP2D6 i.e those who exhibit the polymorphism become poor metabolizers: 1. Metabolism of some drugs neuroleptics, tricyclic antidepressants, antianginals agent ( perihexiline), an ...
Principles of Geriatric Drug Therapy
Principles of Geriatric Drug Therapy

... • Compatible safety and side effect profile • Low risk of drug/nutrient interactions ...
Negligible therapeutic effects of enalapril in a 65- year
Negligible therapeutic effects of enalapril in a 65- year

... developed dangerously high blood pressure with the systolic pressure above 200 mmHg. The patient was rescued with sublingual nifedipine and later maintained on monotherapy with another calcium channel blocker. This report has demonstrated that when physicians acquire adequate knowledge and skills in ...
Drug purchase data for 2009
Drug purchase data for 2009

... split between hospital supply (to include VAT) and homecare (to exclude VAT) - which time period? • Identify numbers and percentage of ART patients on homecare • Calculate average costs for homecare service charges (dispensing and delivery) • Calculate patient costs using SOPHID 2009 data or • Consi ...
From Probability to Certainty: How Genetic and Genomic Testing Is
From Probability to Certainty: How Genetic and Genomic Testing Is

... 100 drug labels approved by the FDA now include information about variability in patient response secondary to genetic variability. See http://www.fda.gov/Drugs/ScienceResearch/ResearchAreas/Pharmacogenetics/ ucm083378.htm. The goal is that with continuous cataloging of genomic information through a ...
Internal Medicine Morning Report
Internal Medicine Morning Report

... • Elderly have unique pharmacokinetics predisposing them to drug toxicity • High risk medications include ...
Cultural, Legal, and Ethical Considerations
Cultural, Legal, and Ethical Considerations

... Must be kept locked and signed out only by registered personal. On the wards need key or code to gain access to medications – narcotics for pain relief. ...
Analysis of Germline Cancer Pharmacogenetic Variants and Solid
Analysis of Germline Cancer Pharmacogenetic Variants and Solid

... sources of information will enable oncologists and other care providers to select and optimize the course of therapy guided by knowledge of both the somatic (tumor) and the patient’s (germline) unique genetic signatures. ...
2.exilam details
2.exilam details

... The long term effects of using Etizolam include memory loss, disturbing nighttime dreams, hostile behaviour and addiction.. Higher doses can lead to hypnotic effects. There is, at present, very little direct evidence of actual abuse of Etizolam. There are currently no reports of illicit trafficking, ...
An Introduction to Dominion Diagnostics, LLC
An Introduction to Dominion Diagnostics, LLC

... clients currently receive, provides quantitative information on commonly prescribed pain medications and illicit substances as well as information on potential sources of drugs detected but not prescribed. ...
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Pharmacogenomics

Pharmacogenomics (a portmanteau of pharmacology and genomics) is the study of the role of genetics in drug response. It deals with the influence of acquired and inherited genetic variation on drug response in patients by correlating gene expression or single-nucleotide polymorphisms with drug absorption, distribution, metabolism and elimination, as well as drug receptor target effects. The term pharmacogenomics is often used interchangeably with pharmacogenetics. Although both terms relate to drug response based on genetic influences, pharmacogenetics focuses on single drug-gene interactions, while pharmacogenomics encompasses a more genome-wide association approach, incorporating genomics and epigenetics while dealing with the effects of multiple genes on drug response.Pharmacogenomics aims to develop rational means to optimize drug therapy, with respect to the patients' genotype, to ensure maximum efficacy with minimal adverse effects. Through the utilization of pharmacogenomics, it is hoped that drug treatments can deviate from what is dubbed as the “one-dose-fits-all” approach. It attempts to eliminate the trial-and-error method of prescribing, allowing physicians to take into consideration their patient’s genes, the functionality of these genes, and how this may affect the efficacy of the patient’s current and/or future treatments (and where applicable, provide an explanation for the failure of past treatments). Such approaches promise the advent of ""personalized medicine""; in which drugs and drug combinations are optimized for each individual's unique genetic makeup. Whether used to explain a patient’s response or lack thereof to a treatment, or act as a predictive tool, it hopes to achieve better treatment outcomes, greater efficacy, minimization of the occurrence of drug toxicities and adverse drug reactions (ADRs). For patients who have lack of therapeutic response to a treatment, alternative therapies can be prescribed that would best suit their requirements. In order to provide pharmacogenomic-based recommendations for a given drug, two possible types of input can be used: genotyping or exome or whole genome sequencing. Sequencing provides many more data points, including detection of mutations that prematurely terminate the synthesized protein (early stop codon).
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