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Three Step Approach for FDA Reform
Three Step Approach for FDA Reform

... Life-Threatening Diseases with Unmet Needs Overall Concept: Create a new Food and Drug Administration (“the FDA”) authority to grant early conditional approval (“ECA”) of promising drugs, biologics and devices (“drugs”) intended to treat life-threatening diseases with unmet needs. Basis for the Idea ...
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... exist; drug acceptable to the patient; likelihood of adverse effect is minimal and less than the expected benefit. Correct dispensing with appropriate information/instruction to the patient. Adequate monitoring of patient's adherence to medication, as well as of anticipated beneficial and untoward e ...
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Introduction to Genetics and Pharmacogenomics

... 2007: The Taiwan and US FDA relabeled the drug info of CBZ and recommended a genetic screening of HLA-B∗15:02 prior to starting CBZ in patients with Asian ancestry, particularly for those of Southeast Asian ...
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Pharmacogenomics

Pharmacogenomics (a portmanteau of pharmacology and genomics) is the study of the role of genetics in drug response. It deals with the influence of acquired and inherited genetic variation on drug response in patients by correlating gene expression or single-nucleotide polymorphisms with drug absorption, distribution, metabolism and elimination, as well as drug receptor target effects. The term pharmacogenomics is often used interchangeably with pharmacogenetics. Although both terms relate to drug response based on genetic influences, pharmacogenetics focuses on single drug-gene interactions, while pharmacogenomics encompasses a more genome-wide association approach, incorporating genomics and epigenetics while dealing with the effects of multiple genes on drug response.Pharmacogenomics aims to develop rational means to optimize drug therapy, with respect to the patients' genotype, to ensure maximum efficacy with minimal adverse effects. Through the utilization of pharmacogenomics, it is hoped that drug treatments can deviate from what is dubbed as the “one-dose-fits-all” approach. It attempts to eliminate the trial-and-error method of prescribing, allowing physicians to take into consideration their patient’s genes, the functionality of these genes, and how this may affect the efficacy of the patient’s current and/or future treatments (and where applicable, provide an explanation for the failure of past treatments). Such approaches promise the advent of ""personalized medicine""; in which drugs and drug combinations are optimized for each individual's unique genetic makeup. Whether used to explain a patient’s response or lack thereof to a treatment, or act as a predictive tool, it hopes to achieve better treatment outcomes, greater efficacy, minimization of the occurrence of drug toxicities and adverse drug reactions (ADRs). For patients who have lack of therapeutic response to a treatment, alternative therapies can be prescribed that would best suit their requirements. In order to provide pharmacogenomic-based recommendations for a given drug, two possible types of input can be used: genotyping or exome or whole genome sequencing. Sequencing provides many more data points, including detection of mutations that prematurely terminate the synthesized protein (early stop codon).
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