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Appropriate Drug Prescribing in Older Adults
Appropriate Drug Prescribing in Older Adults

...  Can result in higher free levels, particulary if displaced by another protein bound drug (warfarin and aspirin)  Measured total serum level may be low but free level is still therapeutic  Probably affected more by drug interactions or disease than age per se ...
Atenolol to bisoprolol conversion
Atenolol to bisoprolol conversion

... Bisoprolol Fumarate 2.5 mg, 5 mg & 10 mg Tablets - Patient Information Leaflet (PIL) by Actavis UK Ltd Bisoprolol official prescribing information for healthcare professionals. Includes: indications, dosage, adverse reactions, pharmacology and more. The recommendation for first-line therapy for hype ...
Chapter 15
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... – Less potential for abuse; accepted medical use • Antianxiety drugs ...
Personalized Medicine Background and Challenges Geoffrey S
Personalized Medicine Background and Challenges Geoffrey S

... Response to Clopidogrel ...
Pharmacogenomics: the end-ALL of Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia?
Pharmacogenomics: the end-ALL of Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia?

... Pharmacogenomics is motivated by the fact that essentially all of the major human drugmetabolizing enzymes exhibit genetic polymorphisms which influence drug metabolism and disposition (PMID: 12571261). Major genes/encoded proteins that play a role in these drug metabolic pathways include cytochrome ...
PATIENT BENEFIT OF A MEDICINES USE REVIEW SERVICE
PATIENT BENEFIT OF A MEDICINES USE REVIEW SERVICE

... Since drug information was the most notable intervention, patient education needs to be enforced and done periodically. The decrease in the number of interventions indicates that the advice given was positively taken up by both the patient and health care professionals. The developed framework was s ...
86a-CO-Pharmacology
86a-CO-Pharmacology

... be covered today ( •Some say average person in the U.S. is on 10 medications (over and under counter). •This can be a godsend or a misfortune. •In any case, we generally are seeing clients on some form or forms of medication. •This is important info to include in your intake. Main reasons to be pham ...
Innovation Track: Pharmacogenomics
Innovation Track: Pharmacogenomics

... Amitriptyline ( CYP2D6) Abilify® - Aripirazole (CYP2D6) Strattera® - Atomoxetine (CYP2D6) Soma® - Carisoprodol (CYP2C19) Coreg® - Carvedilol (CYP2D6) Celebrex® - Celecoxib (CYP2C9) Evoxac® - Cevimeline (CYP2D6) Celexa® - Citalopram (CYP2C19/2D6) Onfi® - Clobazam – (CYP2C19) Anafranil® - Clomipramine ...
Dr. Arlene Bierman
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... elimination of drugs excreted by the kidney. Even in the absence of kidney disease renal clearance may be reduced 35-50%. Reduced renal clearance of active metabolites may enhance therapeutic effect or increase risk of toxicity. Need to reduce dose and/or increase dosing intervals. However, Baltimor ...
Slide 1
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... biotransformation and (OATP mediated drug uptake) Increase blood levels of calcium blockers, beta blockers, statins (他汀藥, muscle pain), tranquilizers, cyclosporine (環孢靈), warfarin (抗凝血制) ...
Sibutramine can arcalion 200 mg be fatal. Therefore, even though
Sibutramine can arcalion 200 mg be fatal. Therefore, even though

... Sibutramine can arcalion 200 mg be fatal. Therefore, even though you are 65 years of age or older. I know I can do, it's been extremely difficult to lose weight. But Valium, from the 22,400 people who slept more than 24,000 prescription drugs, over-thecounter medications, vitamins, and 000059FC herb ...
Polypharmacy
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...  Side effects: considered minor enough to allow continuation of therapy  Adverse Drug Reactions (ADRs): May necessitate discontinuation of drug and require treatment of adverse event  Due to : drug-drug interactions, drug-dz interactions, drug-herbal interactions, drugfood interactions, rxn to ph ...
Placebos
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understanding the role of pharmacotherapy and health disparities
understanding the role of pharmacotherapy and health disparities

... • Superficial physical characteristics commonly associated with racial groups: skin color, hair type and color, facial features, etc. • These characteristics have little or no relevance to drug response • Genetically determined differences in response to drugs exist among individuals and populations ...
Use lowest possible doses – monitor for side effects
Use lowest possible doses – monitor for side effects

... quetiapine (Seroquel) 25mg - 300mg*** ...
Glossary (34,35)
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... The existence of two or more variants of a gene, with the less common variant occurring with at least 1% frequency in the population (cf mutation); types include single nucleotide polymorphism (most common type), insertion, deletion, and tandem repeat ...
GNRS4Pharmacotherapy
GNRS4Pharmacotherapy

...  Not validated in adults ≥70 years old or in racial or ethnic groups other than white and black Americans ...
February 2007 Toxtidbits
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... is the most illicitly replicated pharmaceutical drug in the the DEA’s history. Virtually all of the samples analyzed by the DEA since the 1990’s have contained varying amounts of diazepam, in quantities as high as 300 mg. Counterfeit drugs are also encountered when purchasing “brand name” drugs over ...
6.2 notes
6.2 notes

... – Drug is needed to continue emotional or psychological well-being – Powerful factor in continued drug use – Any drug can become a focus of psychological dependence – No physical withdrawal ...
The War on Drugs
The War on Drugs

... Pharmacodynamics are the mechanism by which drugs work Pharmacokinetics is how the body effects the drug Both need to be understood in order to use drugs appropriately and effectively ...
Ph.D. (fulltime) VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The
Ph.D. (fulltime) VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The

... treatment strategies but also the lack of proper assessment of novel treatment approaches during preclinical and clinical drug development by the pharmaceutical industry. Diagnostic accuracy and prediction of treatment-outcome is limited by subjective phenotypic assessments and would strongly benefi ...
pharmacology/ medication - Street Warrior Education
pharmacology/ medication - Street Warrior Education

... OTC MEDICATIONS • Guidelines for administration: – Written order by physician that includes name of drug, route of administration, indication, dose and time of initial and repeat dosing – Drug must be supplied by the sending facility – Drug must have been used previously by patient without adverse ...
Intravascular Dosing, Clearance, and Volume of Distribution
Intravascular Dosing, Clearance, and Volume of Distribution

...  Acidic drugs bind to ___________, while basic drugs bind to _________________  True or False: A drug that has a high Volume of distribution (Vd) means that it is very hydrophilic. ...
Pharmacokinetic Principles
Pharmacokinetic Principles

... Tozer and Rowland, 2006 ...
Variability in Drug Response 2
Variability in Drug Response 2

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Pharmacogenomics

Pharmacogenomics (a portmanteau of pharmacology and genomics) is the study of the role of genetics in drug response. It deals with the influence of acquired and inherited genetic variation on drug response in patients by correlating gene expression or single-nucleotide polymorphisms with drug absorption, distribution, metabolism and elimination, as well as drug receptor target effects. The term pharmacogenomics is often used interchangeably with pharmacogenetics. Although both terms relate to drug response based on genetic influences, pharmacogenetics focuses on single drug-gene interactions, while pharmacogenomics encompasses a more genome-wide association approach, incorporating genomics and epigenetics while dealing with the effects of multiple genes on drug response.Pharmacogenomics aims to develop rational means to optimize drug therapy, with respect to the patients' genotype, to ensure maximum efficacy with minimal adverse effects. Through the utilization of pharmacogenomics, it is hoped that drug treatments can deviate from what is dubbed as the “one-dose-fits-all” approach. It attempts to eliminate the trial-and-error method of prescribing, allowing physicians to take into consideration their patient’s genes, the functionality of these genes, and how this may affect the efficacy of the patient’s current and/or future treatments (and where applicable, provide an explanation for the failure of past treatments). Such approaches promise the advent of ""personalized medicine""; in which drugs and drug combinations are optimized for each individual's unique genetic makeup. Whether used to explain a patient’s response or lack thereof to a treatment, or act as a predictive tool, it hopes to achieve better treatment outcomes, greater efficacy, minimization of the occurrence of drug toxicities and adverse drug reactions (ADRs). For patients who have lack of therapeutic response to a treatment, alternative therapies can be prescribed that would best suit their requirements. In order to provide pharmacogenomic-based recommendations for a given drug, two possible types of input can be used: genotyping or exome or whole genome sequencing. Sequencing provides many more data points, including detection of mutations that prematurely terminate the synthesized protein (early stop codon).
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