GCSE Revision Booklet Biology Unit B1 Influences of life
... survival – those with helpful characteristics are more likely to survive to breed useful characteristics – inherited by the offspring gradual change – of the species over a period of time as useful characteristics are passed to offspring. Darwin‟s theory of Natural Selection ...
... survival – those with helpful characteristics are more likely to survive to breed useful characteristics – inherited by the offspring gradual change – of the species over a period of time as useful characteristics are passed to offspring. Darwin‟s theory of Natural Selection ...
Biology Review
... 25. DNA can be cut at specific nucleotide sequences by _______________ enzymes. 26. DNA ____________________ can be used to identify unknown individuals. 27. _________ alleles refers to a single trait controlled by a single gene that has 3 or more alleles. A single trait that is determined by the in ...
... 25. DNA can be cut at specific nucleotide sequences by _______________ enzymes. 26. DNA ____________________ can be used to identify unknown individuals. 27. _________ alleles refers to a single trait controlled by a single gene that has 3 or more alleles. A single trait that is determined by the in ...
1. Water
... Unique combinations of genes are created and thus During meiosis, when homologous onto offspring pair come togetherpassed (one from mother and one from father), portions/genes are exchanged ...
... Unique combinations of genes are created and thus During meiosis, when homologous onto offspring pair come togetherpassed (one from mother and one from father), portions/genes are exchanged ...
Name
... 9. What do plant cells have that animal and bacteria cells don’t have? cell wall, chloroplast 10. What is the difference between bacteria cells and plant and animal cells? There is no nucleus in a bacteria cell. 11. What is the result of mitosis? 2 identical daughter cells 12. What is the result of ...
... 9. What do plant cells have that animal and bacteria cells don’t have? cell wall, chloroplast 10. What is the difference between bacteria cells and plant and animal cells? There is no nucleus in a bacteria cell. 11. What is the result of mitosis? 2 identical daughter cells 12. What is the result of ...
Test Review Sheet: Biology Final – 09 Know the steps of the
... 56. Know the characteristics of invertebrates (no backbone, sexual reproduction, etc). 57. Know the characteristics of arthropods. 58. What are the environmental impacts of insects? 59. What the characteristics of vertebrates? 60. Compare the circulatory, respiratory, reproduction, and other body sy ...
... 56. Know the characteristics of invertebrates (no backbone, sexual reproduction, etc). 57. Know the characteristics of arthropods. 58. What are the environmental impacts of insects? 59. What the characteristics of vertebrates? 60. Compare the circulatory, respiratory, reproduction, and other body sy ...
PASS study guide 2 - Cells_ Genetics_ Human Body
... Respiration – occurs in mitochondria; plants & animals breakdown (C6H12O6) & (O2) into (CO2) & (H2O) & release energy; use to build, repair & reproduce cells Waste elimination – get rid of harmful waste; waste moves from high concentration to low concentration Mitosis – occurs in nucleus; cell repro ...
... Respiration – occurs in mitochondria; plants & animals breakdown (C6H12O6) & (O2) into (CO2) & (H2O) & release energy; use to build, repair & reproduce cells Waste elimination – get rid of harmful waste; waste moves from high concentration to low concentration Mitosis – occurs in nucleus; cell repro ...
Lecture 19
... • In some creatures these are have similar size, shape and activity; in others they can be quite different. • Often large, non-motile eggs, and small, motile sperm ...
... • In some creatures these are have similar size, shape and activity; in others they can be quite different. • Often large, non-motile eggs, and small, motile sperm ...
big
... • In some creatures these are have similar size, shape and activity; in others they can be quite different. • Often large, non-motile eggs, and small, motile sperm ...
... • In some creatures these are have similar size, shape and activity; in others they can be quite different. • Often large, non-motile eggs, and small, motile sperm ...
biology 103 final exam review sheet
... 45. Define the terms aerobic and anaerobic 46. Chromosomes, chromosome number 47. Steps in the cell cycle 48. Phases and events in mitosis 49. Meiosis-phases and events, why is this called a reduction division? 50. What is synapsis? What is crossing over? 51. Historical studies on DNA 52. What is th ...
... 45. Define the terms aerobic and anaerobic 46. Chromosomes, chromosome number 47. Steps in the cell cycle 48. Phases and events in mitosis 49. Meiosis-phases and events, why is this called a reduction division? 50. What is synapsis? What is crossing over? 51. Historical studies on DNA 52. What is th ...
Chapter 1: What is Biology
... Ex: red cows + white cows= roan cows (red and white patches) Sex-linked (X-linked) disorders: found on _________ Hemophilia: _____________________________ G Red-green colorblindness: _________________ Why does this mostly affect males? __________ ________________________ ...
... Ex: red cows + white cows= roan cows (red and white patches) Sex-linked (X-linked) disorders: found on _________ Hemophilia: _____________________________ G Red-green colorblindness: _________________ Why does this mostly affect males? __________ ________________________ ...
Genetics
... copy of the gene from the father and one from the mother. For the coin toss activity, results for an individual "family of 4 children" often deviates substantially from the results predicted by the Punnett square (see next section on statistical information). Results for larger samples generally are ...
... copy of the gene from the father and one from the mother. For the coin toss activity, results for an individual "family of 4 children" often deviates substantially from the results predicted by the Punnett square (see next section on statistical information). Results for larger samples generally are ...
Computational (Structural) Biology
... “The affinities of all beings of the same class have sometimes been represented by a great tree… As buds give rise by growth to fresh buds, and these if vigorous, branch out and overtop on all sides many a feebler branch, so by generation I believe it has been with the great Tree of Life, which fill ...
... “The affinities of all beings of the same class have sometimes been represented by a great tree… As buds give rise by growth to fresh buds, and these if vigorous, branch out and overtop on all sides many a feebler branch, so by generation I believe it has been with the great Tree of Life, which fill ...
Biotechnology Notes - Mrs. Kievit Science
... o Human ears, livers and heart cells have been grown o Hoped to be used in organ ______________________ o Drug Development o process of bringing a new drug to the market once a lead compound has been identified. o One example is bioengineered bacteria used to treat _______________ Gene used to pro ...
... o Human ears, livers and heart cells have been grown o Hoped to be used in organ ______________________ o Drug Development o process of bringing a new drug to the market once a lead compound has been identified. o One example is bioengineered bacteria used to treat _______________ Gene used to pro ...
Asexual and Sexual Reproduction
... Happen when Mom releases two eggs and different sperm fertilize each egg. • They do not look any more alike than typical siblings. ...
... Happen when Mom releases two eggs and different sperm fertilize each egg. • They do not look any more alike than typical siblings. ...
bio eoc powerpoint study guide
... you don’t use a part you will lose it. – Inheritance of Acquired Traits- an organism obtains a trait during life (large muscles) so offspring are born with that trait – No longer accepted theory ...
... you don’t use a part you will lose it. – Inheritance of Acquired Traits- an organism obtains a trait during life (large muscles) so offspring are born with that trait – No longer accepted theory ...
Lab Techniques for Systems Biology
... • Systems Biology focuses on many aspects of an observation – Hypothesis example: – cell stimulus X Æ stress proteins are up-regulated ...
... • Systems Biology focuses on many aspects of an observation – Hypothesis example: – cell stimulus X Æ stress proteins are up-regulated ...
1. What is epigenesis?
... Epigenesis is the creation of structures that did not exist before. In embryology, it is more appropriately called “epigenetics”, which is the formation of structures based on the genetic plan encoded in the DNA. So, from a single fertilized egg that doesn’t have a nervous, circulatory, or digestive ...
... Epigenesis is the creation of structures that did not exist before. In embryology, it is more appropriately called “epigenetics”, which is the formation of structures based on the genetic plan encoded in the DNA. So, from a single fertilized egg that doesn’t have a nervous, circulatory, or digestive ...
GENETICS
... sequential series of reactions is called an operan mRNA is the “s copy” of DNA blueprint A single mRNA usually contains i for producing a number of related enzymes or may be for a single enzyme C by RNA p mRNA is u , degrades 2 min. after synthesis (conserves resources) Enzyme r and I occurs ...
... sequential series of reactions is called an operan mRNA is the “s copy” of DNA blueprint A single mRNA usually contains i for producing a number of related enzymes or may be for a single enzyme C by RNA p mRNA is u , degrades 2 min. after synthesis (conserves resources) Enzyme r and I occurs ...
Biology STAAR Review
... A with T, or C with G -Hydrogen bonds connect nitrogen bases together on the horizontal portions of DNA 2.) Ribonucleic acid (RNA) – made in the nucleolus of nucleus -single strand of nucleotides -consists of A, C, G, and Uracil (U) -Uracil (U) replaces Thymine (T) in RNA -3 types: 1.) mRNA (messeng ...
... A with T, or C with G -Hydrogen bonds connect nitrogen bases together on the horizontal portions of DNA 2.) Ribonucleic acid (RNA) – made in the nucleolus of nucleus -single strand of nucleotides -consists of A, C, G, and Uracil (U) -Uracil (U) replaces Thymine (T) in RNA -3 types: 1.) mRNA (messeng ...
biology final exam - bhsbiologycheever
... supports the evolutionary relationship of these animals? a. the animals have different ancestries but have adapted to similar environments b. the animals share a common ancestry but have adapted to different environments c. the animals at one time lived in different environments but how share an ...
... supports the evolutionary relationship of these animals? a. the animals have different ancestries but have adapted to similar environments b. the animals share a common ancestry but have adapted to different environments c. the animals at one time lived in different environments but how share an ...
Evolution`s Greatest Mistakes
... Our DNA is our most precious possession. So you would expect the polymerase enzymes that copy it when cells divide to be painstakingly accurate. Some are, but surprisingly, most are not. Of our 14 known DNA polymerases, just four are highly accurate, making about one error for every million bases of ...
... Our DNA is our most precious possession. So you would expect the polymerase enzymes that copy it when cells divide to be painstakingly accurate. Some are, but surprisingly, most are not. Of our 14 known DNA polymerases, just four are highly accurate, making about one error for every million bases of ...
Genetic engineering
... • Dogs breeds are kept pure this way. • Its how a Doberman remains a Doberman. • It keeps each breed unique from others. • Risk: since both have the same genes, the chance that a baby will get a recessive genetic disorder is high. ...
... • Dogs breeds are kept pure this way. • Its how a Doberman remains a Doberman. • It keeps each breed unique from others. • Risk: since both have the same genes, the chance that a baby will get a recessive genetic disorder is high. ...
biology vocabulary eoc review - GastonCountyScienceResources
... _______ 10. type of cell division where one body cell produces four gametes, each with half the number of chromosomes _______ 11. 23 pair of chromosomes _______ 12. type of inheritance where offspring that show both tan and brown fur (purebred father with brown fur and a purebred mother with tan fur ...
... _______ 10. type of cell division where one body cell produces four gametes, each with half the number of chromosomes _______ 11. 23 pair of chromosomes _______ 12. type of inheritance where offspring that show both tan and brown fur (purebred father with brown fur and a purebred mother with tan fur ...
Introduction to genetics
Genetics is the study of genes — what they are, what they do, and how they work. Genes are made up of molecules inside the nucleus of a cell that are strung together in such a way that the sequence carries information: that information determines how living organisms inherit phenotypic traits, (features) determined by the genes they received from their parents and thereby going back through the generations. For example, offspring produced by sexual reproduction usually look similar to each of their parents because they have inherited some of each of their parents' genes. Genetics identifies which features are inherited, and explains how these features pass from generation to generation. In addition to inheritance, genetics studies how genes are turned on and off to control what substances are made in a cell - gene expression; and how a cell divides - mitosis or meiosis.Some phenotypic traits can be seen, such as eye color while others can only be detected, such as blood type or intelligence. Traits determined by genes can be modified by the animal's surroundings (environment): for example, the general design of a tiger's stripes is inherited, but the specific stripe pattern is determined by the tiger's surroundings. Another example is a person's height: it is determined by both genetics and nutrition.Genes are made of DNA, which is divided into separate pieces called chromosomes. Humans have 46: 23 pairs, though this number varies between species, for example many primates have 24 pairs. Meiosis creates special cells, sperm in males and eggs in females, which only have 23 chromosomes. These two cells merge into one during the fertilization stage of sexual reproduction, creating a zygote in which a nucleic acid double helix divides, with each single helix occupying one of the daughter cells, resulting in half the normal number of genes. The zygote then divides into four daughter cells by which time genetic recombination has created a new embryo with 23 pairs of chromosomes, half from each parent. Mating and resultant mate choice result in sexual selection. In normal cell division (mitosis) is possible when the double helix separates, and a complement of each separated half is made, resulting in two identical double helices in one cell, with each occupying one of the two new daughter cells created when the cell divides.Chromosomes all contain four nucleotides, abbreviated C (cytosine), G (guanine), A (adenine), or T (thymine), which line up in a particular sequence and make a long string. There are two strings of nucleotides coiled around one another in each chromosome: a double helix. C on one string is always opposite from G on the other string; A is always opposite T. There are about 3.2 billion nucleotide pairs on all the human chromosomes: this is the human genome. The order of the nucleotides carries genetic information, whose rules are defined by the genetic code, similar to how the order of letters on a page of text carries information. Three nucleotides in a row - a triplet - carry one unit of information: a codon. The genetic code not only controls inheritance: it also controls gene expression, which occurs when a portion of the double helix is uncoiled, exposing a series of the nucleotides, which are within the interior of the DNA. This series of exposed triplets (codons) carries the information to allow machinery in the cell to ""read"" the codons on the exposed DNA, which results in the making of RNA molecules. RNA in turn makes either amino acids or microRNA, which are responsible for all of the structure and function of a living organism; i.e. they determine all the features of the cell and thus the entire individual. Closing the uncoiled segment turns off the gene. Heritability means the information in a given gene is not always exactly the same in every individual in that species, so the same gene in different individuals does not give exactly the same instructions. Each unique form of a single gene is called an allele; different forms are collectively called polymorphisms. As an example, one allele for the gene for hair color and skin cell pigmentation could instruct the body to produce black pigment, producing black hair and pigmented skin; while a different allele of the same gene in a different individual could give garbled instructions that would result in a failure to produce any pigment, giving white hair and no pigmented skin: albinism. Mutations are random changes in genes creating new alleles, which in turn produce new traits, which could help, harm, or have no new effect on the individual's likelihood of survival; thus, mutations are the basis for evolution.