Characterization of Dependencies Between Growth and
... on average. As such, we tested whether combined S/G2 /M duration is roughly constant and shared across mother and daughter cells [9]. To assess differences in the observed mother and daughter S/G2 /M duration, we performed two-sided nonparametric Wilcoxon rank sum tests in the three datasets (Figure ...
... on average. As such, we tested whether combined S/G2 /M duration is roughly constant and shared across mother and daughter cells [9]. To assess differences in the observed mother and daughter S/G2 /M duration, we performed two-sided nonparametric Wilcoxon rank sum tests in the three datasets (Figure ...
Exine dehiscing induces rape microspore polarity
... broken but still partially covered the microspore. Such EDMs could develop into embryos with well-developed suspensors (Tian and Sun, 2003; Tang et al., 2006). Further studies indicated that the first division of the EDMs, unlike that in intact microspores, could be asymmetric. It was also reported ...
... broken but still partially covered the microspore. Such EDMs could develop into embryos with well-developed suspensors (Tian and Sun, 2003; Tang et al., 2006). Further studies indicated that the first division of the EDMs, unlike that in intact microspores, could be asymmetric. It was also reported ...
Interplay between cell growth and cell cycle in
... increased nuclear volume associated with DNA replication, whereas in more differentiated tissues the increased volume can result mostly from water uptake and vacuole enlargement. Controlled cell-wall relaxation is made possible by the structure of cell walls, which contain cellulose and hemicellulos ...
... increased nuclear volume associated with DNA replication, whereas in more differentiated tissues the increased volume can result mostly from water uptake and vacuole enlargement. Controlled cell-wall relaxation is made possible by the structure of cell walls, which contain cellulose and hemicellulos ...
The Pore Size of Non-Graminaceous Plant Cell
... acetyl esters. The suspensions were adjusted to pH 5.0 with glacial acetic acid and then treated for 16 h at room temperature with a mixture containing homogeneous preparations of endo-polygalacturonase I (2 units, 1 unit releases 1 mmol of reducing sugar min21 from a 1% [w/v] solution of polygalact ...
... acetyl esters. The suspensions were adjusted to pH 5.0 with glacial acetic acid and then treated for 16 h at room temperature with a mixture containing homogeneous preparations of endo-polygalacturonase I (2 units, 1 unit releases 1 mmol of reducing sugar min21 from a 1% [w/v] solution of polygalact ...
1. (a) cells if more than one box is ticked, award no mark 1 (b) tail 1
... vacuole on the diagram or next to label X ...
... vacuole on the diagram or next to label X ...
Distributed Processing of Sensory Information
... Comparisons were made between successive A and B trials. Intertrial intervals were 10-30 sec. Every 5-10 trials, the intemeuron was depolarized to determine whether it was still able to fire cell 3. Each necessity test lasted until the intemeuron could no longer fire cell 3 (usually less than 20 tri ...
... Comparisons were made between successive A and B trials. Intertrial intervals were 10-30 sec. Every 5-10 trials, the intemeuron was depolarized to determine whether it was still able to fire cell 3. Each necessity test lasted until the intemeuron could no longer fire cell 3 (usually less than 20 tri ...
Effects of Organic Cations on the Gram-negative Cell
... When Gram-negative cell walls were damaged by lysozyme and ethylenediaminetetra-acetic acid (EDTA) in tris buffer, tris played an active role through its action as an organic cation. Other organic cations such as aliphatic amines and quaternary ammonium compounds were more effective than tris in mod ...
... When Gram-negative cell walls were damaged by lysozyme and ethylenediaminetetra-acetic acid (EDTA) in tris buffer, tris played an active role through its action as an organic cation. Other organic cations such as aliphatic amines and quaternary ammonium compounds were more effective than tris in mod ...
Molecular organization of the cell wall of Candida albicans and its
... of GlcNAc residues from the universal substrate UDP-Nacetylglucosamine to the growing chain of the polysaccharide. The reaction (catalyzed by ill-known enzymes called chitin synthases, Chsps) requires a divalent metal, generally Mg21, but does not involve a lipid or a high-energy intermediate (Ruiz- ...
... of GlcNAc residues from the universal substrate UDP-Nacetylglucosamine to the growing chain of the polysaccharide. The reaction (catalyzed by ill-known enzymes called chitin synthases, Chsps) requires a divalent metal, generally Mg21, but does not involve a lipid or a high-energy intermediate (Ruiz- ...
POM-POM2/CELLULOSE SYNTHASE
... (Kimura et al., 1999; reviewed in Guerriero et al., 2010). The cellulose microfibrils have been observed to align with underlying cortical microtubules (Green, 1962; Ledbetter and Porter, 1963). Consistent with these observations, in vivo studies using fluorescently labeled CESAs and microtubules re ...
... (Kimura et al., 1999; reviewed in Guerriero et al., 2010). The cellulose microfibrils have been observed to align with underlying cortical microtubules (Green, 1962; Ledbetter and Porter, 1963). Consistent with these observations, in vivo studies using fluorescently labeled CESAs and microtubules re ...
Journal of Bacteriology
... synthesized when the particulate enzyme of B. stearothermophilus was incubated with the murein precursors UDP-N-acetyl-glucosamine (UDP-GIcNAc) and UDPMurNAc-pentapeptide. The newly formed polymer was less accessible for lysozyme and more strongly bound to the acceptor than the same product from the ...
... synthesized when the particulate enzyme of B. stearothermophilus was incubated with the murein precursors UDP-N-acetyl-glucosamine (UDP-GIcNAc) and UDPMurNAc-pentapeptide. The newly formed polymer was less accessible for lysozyme and more strongly bound to the acceptor than the same product from the ...
Morphology and LPS content for the estimation of marine
... SUMMARY: The abundance, morphotypes and biomass of the bacterial assemblages were investigated in the Ionian Sea by using two different methods: the epifluorescent microscopy technique for enumerating and sizing bacterial cells, and the determination of bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPS). Five bact ...
... SUMMARY: The abundance, morphotypes and biomass of the bacterial assemblages were investigated in the Ionian Sea by using two different methods: the epifluorescent microscopy technique for enumerating and sizing bacterial cells, and the determination of bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPS). Five bact ...
Two-dimensional numerical study of flow
... et al., 2013). For instance, dynamic alterations of cell tethers were revealed to stabilize leukocyte rolling (Ramachandran et al., 2004), which widely happens during lymphocyte homing. Cell tethers can also regulate cell adhesion strength, which may lead to flowenhanced cell adhesion (Yago et al., 2 ...
... et al., 2013). For instance, dynamic alterations of cell tethers were revealed to stabilize leukocyte rolling (Ramachandran et al., 2004), which widely happens during lymphocyte homing. Cell tethers can also regulate cell adhesion strength, which may lead to flowenhanced cell adhesion (Yago et al., 2 ...
Helical growth in plant organs: mechanisms and
... plasma membrane be linked with the helical growth of a cell? Classical observations of helical cells in the filamentous green alga Nitella revealed that they grow by relatively uniform extension of all parts of the lateral cell wall (Green, 1954). Transverse bands or hoops of cellulose microfibrils ...
... plasma membrane be linked with the helical growth of a cell? Classical observations of helical cells in the filamentous green alga Nitella revealed that they grow by relatively uniform extension of all parts of the lateral cell wall (Green, 1954). Transverse bands or hoops of cellulose microfibrils ...
Challenges to our current view on chloroplasts
... already pointed out that both processes are accompanied by filamentous structures emanating from the chloroplast envelope, at least in the moss Funaria hygrometrica. As these filaments did not contain the green color, he misinterpreted them as filaments of the cytoplasm but already describes their t ...
... already pointed out that both processes are accompanied by filamentous structures emanating from the chloroplast envelope, at least in the moss Funaria hygrometrica. As these filaments did not contain the green color, he misinterpreted them as filaments of the cytoplasm but already describes their t ...
pdf - John Innes Centre
... anatomy, and comparative physiology can point to some intriguing correlations that may help to frame questions for future experimental analysis. How did the root nodule symbiosis arise some 60 million years ago (Soltis et al., 1995), and what were the most probable antecedents? Legumes belong to the ...
... anatomy, and comparative physiology can point to some intriguing correlations that may help to frame questions for future experimental analysis. How did the root nodule symbiosis arise some 60 million years ago (Soltis et al., 1995), and what were the most probable antecedents? Legumes belong to the ...
Cell cycle control of cell morphogenesis in Caulobacter Jennifer C
... cytokinesis, the establishment of asymmetry and the biogenesis of polar structures, are precisely regulated during the cell cycle by internal cues, such as cell division and the initiation of DNA replication. Recent studies have revealed that the converse is also true. That is, differentiation event ...
... cytokinesis, the establishment of asymmetry and the biogenesis of polar structures, are precisely regulated during the cell cycle by internal cues, such as cell division and the initiation of DNA replication. Recent studies have revealed that the converse is also true. That is, differentiation event ...
Control of final organ size by Mediator complex subunit 25 in
... material). RT-PCR analysis revealed that med25-2 and med25-3 mutants had no detectable full-length transcripts of At1g25540 (Fig. 2F,G), suggesting that they are null mutant alleles. Like eod81, the pft1, med25-2 and med25-3 mutants exhibited larger flowers than their parental lines (Fig. 2H,J,K, se ...
... material). RT-PCR analysis revealed that med25-2 and med25-3 mutants had no detectable full-length transcripts of At1g25540 (Fig. 2F,G), suggesting that they are null mutant alleles. Like eod81, the pft1, med25-2 and med25-3 mutants exhibited larger flowers than their parental lines (Fig. 2H,J,K, se ...
Control of final organ size by Mediator complex
... material). RT-PCR analysis revealed that med25-2 and med25-3 mutants had no detectable full-length transcripts of At1g25540 (Fig. 2F,G), suggesting that they are null mutant alleles. Like eod81, the pft1, med25-2 and med25-3 mutants exhibited larger flowers than their parental lines (Fig. 2H,J,K, se ...
... material). RT-PCR analysis revealed that med25-2 and med25-3 mutants had no detectable full-length transcripts of At1g25540 (Fig. 2F,G), suggesting that they are null mutant alleles. Like eod81, the pft1, med25-2 and med25-3 mutants exhibited larger flowers than their parental lines (Fig. 2H,J,K, se ...
2) A dynamic cell adhesion surface regulates tissue architecture in
... proliferative chondrocytes display planar alignment of cell bodies at both cytokinesis and following rotation, observations that validate previous results (Fig. 2K,L) (Li and Dudley, 2009). Although many of the key features of chondrocyte behavior were observed previously in tissue sections, live im ...
... proliferative chondrocytes display planar alignment of cell bodies at both cytokinesis and following rotation, observations that validate previous results (Fig. 2K,L) (Li and Dudley, 2009). Although many of the key features of chondrocyte behavior were observed previously in tissue sections, live im ...
Article - Research | www.stowers.org
... cell shape and a substantial loss of apico-basal polarity, including a strong decrease in the SJ marker Dlg (Figure 3J). We next assayed a role for ADF/cofilin and, as previously reported (Lee and Treisman, 2004), we noted a strong statistically significant (p < 0.05) increase in cortical F-actin in ...
... cell shape and a substantial loss of apico-basal polarity, including a strong decrease in the SJ marker Dlg (Figure 3J). We next assayed a role for ADF/cofilin and, as previously reported (Lee and Treisman, 2004), we noted a strong statistically significant (p < 0.05) increase in cortical F-actin in ...
F-Actin-Dependent Endocytosis of Cell Wall
... Brefeldin A (BFA) inhibits exocytosis but allows endocytosis, making it a valuable agent to identify molecules that recycle at cell peripheries. In plants, formation of large intracellular compartments in response to BFA treatment is a unique feature of some, but not all, cells. Here, we have analyz ...
... Brefeldin A (BFA) inhibits exocytosis but allows endocytosis, making it a valuable agent to identify molecules that recycle at cell peripheries. In plants, formation of large intracellular compartments in response to BFA treatment is a unique feature of some, but not all, cells. Here, we have analyz ...
Hierarchies of plant stiffness
... effect of these forces is particularly strong in large, long-lived plants such as trees, and the ability of plants to withstand these stresses is dependent on properties of the stem (Section 2.2. below) as well as the distribution of weight and formation of overall leaf canopy shape by the pattern o ...
... effect of these forces is particularly strong in large, long-lived plants such as trees, and the ability of plants to withstand these stresses is dependent on properties of the stem (Section 2.2. below) as well as the distribution of weight and formation of overall leaf canopy shape by the pattern o ...
Characterization of a Regular Array in the Wall of
... indicate that the subunit of L. buchneri binds to a neutral polysaccharide receptor site embedded within the wall of L. casei subsp. casei. ...
... indicate that the subunit of L. buchneri binds to a neutral polysaccharide receptor site embedded within the wall of L. casei subsp. casei. ...
Control of the Plant Cell Cycle by Developmental
... D-type CYCs (CYCDs), while most yeast and animal genomes encode only one or two of each type of CYC. Both CYCAs and CYCBs can be subdivided into three groups, CYCA1–CYCA3 and CYCB1–CYCB3, while CYCDs are comprised of seven groups, CYCD1–CYCD7. Plants also possess several classes of CDKs and, among t ...
... D-type CYCs (CYCDs), while most yeast and animal genomes encode only one or two of each type of CYC. Both CYCAs and CYCBs can be subdivided into three groups, CYCA1–CYCA3 and CYCB1–CYCB3, while CYCDs are comprised of seven groups, CYCD1–CYCD7. Plants also possess several classes of CDKs and, among t ...
Cell wall
The cell wall is a tough, flexible and sometimes rigid layer that surrounds some types of cells. It surrounds the cell membrane and provides these cells with structural support and protection. In addition, the cell wall acts as a filtering mechanism. A major function of the cell wall is to act as a pressure vessel, preventing over-expansion when water enters the cell. Cell walls are found in plants, fungi and prokaryotic cells but not in mycoplasmas.The composition of the cell wall varies between species and may depend on cell type and developmental stage. The primary cell wall of land plants is composed of the polysaccharides cellulose, hemicellulose and pectin. In bacteria, peptidoglycan forms the cell wall. Archaean cell walls have various compositions, and may be formed of glycoprotein S-layers, pseudopeptidoglycan, or polysaccharides. Fungi possess cell walls made of the glucosamine polymer chitin, and algae typically possess walls made of glycoproteins and polysaccharides. Unusually, diatoms have a cell wall composed of biogenic silica. Often, other accessory molecules are found anchored to the cell wall.