Divergent Roles for Maize PAN1 and PAN2 Receptor
... (Figure 1, arrowhead 1 in A and arrowhead in B), becoming more enriched at the cell plate later in areas where the phragmoplast has already disassembled and as the cell plate is attaching to the mother cell wall (Fig. 1A, arrowheads 2 and 3). Shortly after completion of the new subsidiary cell wall, ...
... (Figure 1, arrowhead 1 in A and arrowhead in B), becoming more enriched at the cell plate later in areas where the phragmoplast has already disassembled and as the cell plate is attaching to the mother cell wall (Fig. 1A, arrowheads 2 and 3). Shortly after completion of the new subsidiary cell wall, ...
in pdf format
... has large economic impacts in the horse industry (1, 2). In general, there are two groups of mares: those that are capable of clearing bacteria that contaminate the uterus following parturition or intrauterine manipulation; and those that are prone to infection, usually older or barren mares with a ...
... has large economic impacts in the horse industry (1, 2). In general, there are two groups of mares: those that are capable of clearing bacteria that contaminate the uterus following parturition or intrauterine manipulation; and those that are prone to infection, usually older or barren mares with a ...
The connection of cytoskeletal network with plasma membrane and
... spatially and temporarily regulating the transportation and deposition of cell wall components. This tight control is achieved by the dynamic behavior of the cytoskeletons, but also through the tethering of these structures to the plasma membrane. This tethering may also extend beyond the plasma mem ...
... spatially and temporarily regulating the transportation and deposition of cell wall components. This tight control is achieved by the dynamic behavior of the cytoskeletons, but also through the tethering of these structures to the plasma membrane. This tethering may also extend beyond the plasma mem ...
Morphogenesis of complex plant cell shapes: the mechanical role of
... changes in cell shape. To generate a shape other than a sphere, precisely controlled, local expansion and stretching of the cell wall is required, since the driving force--turgor pressure--is non-vectorial. The requirement for local differences in cell wall mechanical properties becomes particularly ...
... changes in cell shape. To generate a shape other than a sphere, precisely controlled, local expansion and stretching of the cell wall is required, since the driving force--turgor pressure--is non-vectorial. The requirement for local differences in cell wall mechanical properties becomes particularly ...
public exam_photosynthesis
... (a) Under bright light condition, the rate of photosynthesis of the plant becomes greater than the rate of respiration. Thus there is a net production of oxygen by the plant. Meanwhile, the carbon dioxide level inside the syringe remains constant. This results in an increase in air pressure inside t ...
... (a) Under bright light condition, the rate of photosynthesis of the plant becomes greater than the rate of respiration. Thus there is a net production of oxygen by the plant. Meanwhile, the carbon dioxide level inside the syringe remains constant. This results in an increase in air pressure inside t ...
shrimathi indira gandhi college - Shrimati Indira Gandhi College
... called yeast like fungi. Eg: Candida albicans MOLDS Multidellular fungi composed of filamentous or tubular structures called hyphae. The length of single hyphae is about 5-50micrometre. Some hyphae have the cross walls called Septa. Hyphae are branched and form a mat like structure is called as Myce ...
... called yeast like fungi. Eg: Candida albicans MOLDS Multidellular fungi composed of filamentous or tubular structures called hyphae. The length of single hyphae is about 5-50micrometre. Some hyphae have the cross walls called Septa. Hyphae are branched and form a mat like structure is called as Myce ...
Emerging roles for lipids in non-apoptotic cell death
... membrane requires the lipids sphingosine-1-phosphate and hexadecenal as specific cofactors.19 Furthermore, downstream of BAX and BAK insertion into the mitochondrial outer membrane, oxidization of PUFA-rich mitochondrial cardiolipins (a class of glycerophospholipids synthesized in the mitochondrion) ...
... membrane requires the lipids sphingosine-1-phosphate and hexadecenal as specific cofactors.19 Furthermore, downstream of BAX and BAK insertion into the mitochondrial outer membrane, oxidization of PUFA-rich mitochondrial cardiolipins (a class of glycerophospholipids synthesized in the mitochondrion) ...
Two tomato GDP-D-mannose epimerase isoforms involve in
... perform in muro cross-linking (Voxeur et al., 2011). The restoration of both the wild-type (WT) growth phenotype as well as an efficient in muro boron-mediated cross-linking of RG-II by supplementation of these GME-silenced lines with boric acid and not with L-galactose or AsA strongly suggested tha ...
... perform in muro cross-linking (Voxeur et al., 2011). The restoration of both the wild-type (WT) growth phenotype as well as an efficient in muro boron-mediated cross-linking of RG-II by supplementation of these GME-silenced lines with boric acid and not with L-galactose or AsA strongly suggested tha ...
TRANSPARENT LEAF AREA1 Encodes a Secreted
... 2004). In maize, the embryo sac lacks symplastic connections with sporophytic tissues (Diboll and Larson, 1966). Therefore, communications between these two structures before or after fertilization, as well as attraction of the male gametophyte (pollen tube), prevention of polyspermy, and embryo/end ...
... 2004). In maize, the embryo sac lacks symplastic connections with sporophytic tissues (Diboll and Larson, 1966). Therefore, communications between these two structures before or after fertilization, as well as attraction of the male gametophyte (pollen tube), prevention of polyspermy, and embryo/end ...
Balance between cell division and differentiation during plant
... It has been shown that CDKB1 is required for stomatal development (Boudolf, et al., 2004a). CDKC (PITAIRE) is a CHED-related kinase with no known cell cycle function. CDKD and CDKF function as a CDK-activating kinase (CAK). Cyclins (CYC) are the CDK activator subunits. More than 40 different cyclins ...
... It has been shown that CDKB1 is required for stomatal development (Boudolf, et al., 2004a). CDKC (PITAIRE) is a CHED-related kinase with no known cell cycle function. CDKD and CDKF function as a CDK-activating kinase (CAK). Cyclins (CYC) are the CDK activator subunits. More than 40 different cyclins ...
mic.sgmjournals.org
... short peptides, is the major component of Gram-positive bacterial cell walls and ensures cell wall integrity and rigidity. Bacteria synthesize peptidoglycan hydrolases capable of hydrolysing their own peptidoglycan (Shockman & Höltje, 1994). Although threatening cell integrity, peptidoglycan hydrol ...
... short peptides, is the major component of Gram-positive bacterial cell walls and ensures cell wall integrity and rigidity. Bacteria synthesize peptidoglycan hydrolases capable of hydrolysing their own peptidoglycan (Shockman & Höltje, 1994). Although threatening cell integrity, peptidoglycan hydrol ...
AtLSG1-2 Regulates Leaf Growth by Affecting Cell Proliferation and
... Keywords: AtLSG1-2, leaf growth, cell division, endoreduplication, AtNMD3 ...
... Keywords: AtLSG1-2, leaf growth, cell division, endoreduplication, AtNMD3 ...
The Root Hair Specific SYP123 Regulates the Localization of Cell
... v-SNAREs (members of the R-SNARE family), and target membrane-associated SNAREs or t-SNAREs (members of the Q-SNARE family), that interact to form a tetrameric bundle of coiled helices that draws the membrane surfaces together, facilitating fusion (Uemura et al., 2004; Lipka et al., 2007). There are ...
... v-SNAREs (members of the R-SNARE family), and target membrane-associated SNAREs or t-SNAREs (members of the Q-SNARE family), that interact to form a tetrameric bundle of coiled helices that draws the membrane surfaces together, facilitating fusion (Uemura et al., 2004; Lipka et al., 2007). There are ...
The hypersensitive response and the induction of cell death in plants
... et al, 1994). Such rapid responses could make detection of intermediate steps almost impossible using fixed tissues. As yet there is no specific molecular or cytological marker in plants which would allow clear discrimination between necrosis and the HR. Therefore recent investigations have often ap ...
... et al, 1994). Such rapid responses could make detection of intermediate steps almost impossible using fixed tissues. As yet there is no specific molecular or cytological marker in plants which would allow clear discrimination between necrosis and the HR. Therefore recent investigations have often ap ...
Plant Growth Regulators
... GA has been used experimentally to increase yields of sugar cane and hops In seedless grapes: by increasing the size of the fruit and lengthening fruit internodes, which results in slightly wider spaces between grapes in the bunches. Better air circulation between grapes reduces their susceptibility ...
... GA has been used experimentally to increase yields of sugar cane and hops In seedless grapes: by increasing the size of the fruit and lengthening fruit internodes, which results in slightly wider spaces between grapes in the bunches. Better air circulation between grapes reduces their susceptibility ...
Geometrical constraints in the scaling relationships between
... of the fact that the recent advent of fast cytometric techniques has made possible collection of extensive data on many plant species [1,21]. This enabled us to assemble empirical datasets on some of these relationships for quite large numbers of species in order to examine to what degree they confo ...
... of the fact that the recent advent of fast cytometric techniques has made possible collection of extensive data on many plant species [1,21]. This enabled us to assemble empirical datasets on some of these relationships for quite large numbers of species in order to examine to what degree they confo ...
19-1 Bacteria
... archaebacterial genes? • They are more like those of eukaryotes than those of eubacteria. ...
... archaebacterial genes? • They are more like those of eukaryotes than those of eubacteria. ...
msc_botnay_pre_pap1_bl1 - Madhya Pradesh Bhoj Open
... rigid and protective layer around the plasma membrane which provides the mechanical support to the cell. The surfaces of plant and bacterial cells exhibit many of these same properties, but they also exhibit a few unique features that are not shared by the cells of animals. Plant cell walls provide ...
... rigid and protective layer around the plasma membrane which provides the mechanical support to the cell. The surfaces of plant and bacterial cells exhibit many of these same properties, but they also exhibit a few unique features that are not shared by the cells of animals. Plant cell walls provide ...
Enrichment of Electrochemically Active Bacteria Using a Three
... have been isolated and characterized based on their ability to catalyze the reduction of Fe(III) as their terminal electron acceptor [3, 8, 22, 23, 25, 26]. Since Fe(III) is essentially insoluble in water at neutral pH, physical and direct contact between the bacterial cell and Fe(III) minerals is r ...
... have been isolated and characterized based on their ability to catalyze the reduction of Fe(III) as their terminal electron acceptor [3, 8, 22, 23, 25, 26]. Since Fe(III) is essentially insoluble in water at neutral pH, physical and direct contact between the bacterial cell and Fe(III) minerals is r ...
SND1, a NAC Domain Transcription Factor, Is a Key Regulator of
... 2005). In addition, genomic analysis revealed a number of novel glycosyltransferases that might be involved in secondary wall synthesis (Aspeborg et al., 2005; Brown et al., 2005; Persson et al., 2005). Despite these advances in the study of secondary wall biosynthetic genes, little is known about t ...
... 2005). In addition, genomic analysis revealed a number of novel glycosyltransferases that might be involved in secondary wall synthesis (Aspeborg et al., 2005; Brown et al., 2005; Persson et al., 2005). Despite these advances in the study of secondary wall biosynthetic genes, little is known about t ...
Parasitic fungi on roses - Formatex Research Center
... serious pre- and postharvest diseases in more than 200 plant species, including agriculturally important crops and harvested commodities, such as grapes, tomatoes, strawberries, cucumbers, bulb flowers, cut flowers and ornamental plants [24]. The broad host range of B. cinerea results in great econo ...
... serious pre- and postharvest diseases in more than 200 plant species, including agriculturally important crops and harvested commodities, such as grapes, tomatoes, strawberries, cucumbers, bulb flowers, cut flowers and ornamental plants [24]. The broad host range of B. cinerea results in great econo ...
The impact of abiotic factors on cellulose synthesis
... stages (Popper et al., 2011). However, in dicot primary cell walls (i.e. the walls of growing cells that can respond to environmental factors), cellulose is the primary component by weight and the main load-bearing structure (Zablackis et al., 1995). Cellulose is synthesized at the plasma membrane– ...
... stages (Popper et al., 2011). However, in dicot primary cell walls (i.e. the walls of growing cells that can respond to environmental factors), cellulose is the primary component by weight and the main load-bearing structure (Zablackis et al., 1995). Cellulose is synthesized at the plasma membrane– ...
Vesicle Trafficking during Somatic Cytokinesis
... during early and/or late stages of cell plate formation. Genetic interference of the endocytic pathway during cytokinesis, using a dominant negative (GDP-locked) form of the Rab5 homolog ARA7, or overexpression of the C-terminal part of clathrin heavy chain inhibited FM4-64 internalization and cause ...
... during early and/or late stages of cell plate formation. Genetic interference of the endocytic pathway during cytokinesis, using a dominant negative (GDP-locked) form of the Rab5 homolog ARA7, or overexpression of the C-terminal part of clathrin heavy chain inhibited FM4-64 internalization and cause ...
Microtubule cortical array organization and plant cell morphogenesis
... somehow responsible for organizing the direction in which the major structural polymers in the cell wall were deposited, the orientation of these wall fibers being the basis of the material anisotropy responsible for the direction of cell wall expansion. A year later, Ledbetter and Porter [4] observ ...
... somehow responsible for organizing the direction in which the major structural polymers in the cell wall were deposited, the orientation of these wall fibers being the basis of the material anisotropy responsible for the direction of cell wall expansion. A year later, Ledbetter and Porter [4] observ ...
Characteristics of Bacteria Worksheet
... also have many ribosomes which make proteins for the bacteria. The bacteria also have one or more pili (singular = pilus) sticking through the cell membrane. Bacteria use the pilus to trade pieces of its DNA with other bacteria. Archaebacteria and Eubacteria probably split from each other several bi ...
... also have many ribosomes which make proteins for the bacteria. The bacteria also have one or more pili (singular = pilus) sticking through the cell membrane. Bacteria use the pilus to trade pieces of its DNA with other bacteria. Archaebacteria and Eubacteria probably split from each other several bi ...
Cell wall
The cell wall is a tough, flexible and sometimes rigid layer that surrounds some types of cells. It surrounds the cell membrane and provides these cells with structural support and protection. In addition, the cell wall acts as a filtering mechanism. A major function of the cell wall is to act as a pressure vessel, preventing over-expansion when water enters the cell. Cell walls are found in plants, fungi and prokaryotic cells but not in mycoplasmas.The composition of the cell wall varies between species and may depend on cell type and developmental stage. The primary cell wall of land plants is composed of the polysaccharides cellulose, hemicellulose and pectin. In bacteria, peptidoglycan forms the cell wall. Archaean cell walls have various compositions, and may be formed of glycoprotein S-layers, pseudopeptidoglycan, or polysaccharides. Fungi possess cell walls made of the glucosamine polymer chitin, and algae typically possess walls made of glycoproteins and polysaccharides. Unusually, diatoms have a cell wall composed of biogenic silica. Often, other accessory molecules are found anchored to the cell wall.