Avoidance of Four-way Junctions and
... class did not persist. In this paper, we report that MTs radiating from the nucleus during premitosis are not fragmentary, but form a continuous network. The realignment of the radial MTs into the transverse phragmosomal baffle, during the premitotic period, is described. Another, better-known predi ...
... class did not persist. In this paper, we report that MTs radiating from the nucleus during premitosis are not fragmentary, but form a continuous network. The realignment of the radial MTs into the transverse phragmosomal baffle, during the premitotic period, is described. Another, better-known predi ...
Part 3 (Archaea - Updates Book)
... c) Korarcheota are only known from their DNA sequences—nothing more is known about them (they have only recently been discovered). b. Archaea differ in their chemical make-up from other lifeforms. 1) While archaea have many features that look similar to those found on other cells, these features are ...
... c) Korarcheota are only known from their DNA sequences—nothing more is known about them (they have only recently been discovered). b. Archaea differ in their chemical make-up from other lifeforms. 1) While archaea have many features that look similar to those found on other cells, these features are ...
Sexual reproduction haploid gametogenesis in flowers
... Seed germination Germination is a two step process • Imbibition is purely physical: seed swells as it absorbs water until testa pops. Even dead seeds do it. • Next embryo must start metabolism and cell elongation • This part is sensitive to the environment, esp T & pO2 • Once radicle has emerged, v ...
... Seed germination Germination is a two step process • Imbibition is purely physical: seed swells as it absorbs water until testa pops. Even dead seeds do it. • Next embryo must start metabolism and cell elongation • This part is sensitive to the environment, esp T & pO2 • Once radicle has emerged, v ...
invited review: in vitro morphogenesis in plants – recent
... Many of the same culture factors described above for somatic embryogenesis are also manipulated to induce and optimize organogenesis, but often these factors are manipulated in different ways (Joy and Thorpe, 1999). For example, a high auxin signal (often specifically using 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic ...
... Many of the same culture factors described above for somatic embryogenesis are also manipulated to induce and optimize organogenesis, but often these factors are manipulated in different ways (Joy and Thorpe, 1999). For example, a high auxin signal (often specifically using 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic ...
1: Early development of Capsella
... emerge), the torpedo stage (differentiation of the vascular tissues begin), and finally the mature embryo. The endosperm of most developing seeds is at first non-cellular or liquid. In both corn and coconuts, a portion of the endosperm remains liquid after the outer part of the endosperm has become ...
... emerge), the torpedo stage (differentiation of the vascular tissues begin), and finally the mature embryo. The endosperm of most developing seeds is at first non-cellular or liquid. In both corn and coconuts, a portion of the endosperm remains liquid after the outer part of the endosperm has become ...
Asymmetries in Cell Division, Cell Size, and Furrowing in the
... reasons. Indeed, misregulation of asymmetric cell divisions is believed to have dramatic consequences potentially leading to pathogenesis such as cancers. In diverse model organisms, asymmetric cell divisions result in two daughter cells, which differ not only by their fate but also in size. This is ...
... reasons. Indeed, misregulation of asymmetric cell divisions is believed to have dramatic consequences potentially leading to pathogenesis such as cancers. In diverse model organisms, asymmetric cell divisions result in two daughter cells, which differ not only by their fate but also in size. This is ...
Division II: Eumycota Subdivision: Mastigomycotina, class
... the same mycelium. Mycelium is hyaline, coenocytic (von-septate), branched, inter and intra cellular giving the appearance of a white fluffy cellular mass, does not have haustoria. Cell wall of this fungus contains cellulose. Sporangium is lobed or irregular; it forms vesicle. Sporangiophores are un ...
... the same mycelium. Mycelium is hyaline, coenocytic (von-septate), branched, inter and intra cellular giving the appearance of a white fluffy cellular mass, does not have haustoria. Cell wall of this fungus contains cellulose. Sporangium is lobed or irregular; it forms vesicle. Sporangiophores are un ...
The more and smaller cells mutants of Arabidopsis
... reduction in cell size in leaves on higher nodes (Ashby, 1948); whether this phenomenon is physiological or genetically controlled remains to be answered. Recent molecular genetic studies indicate that miRNAs and transacting siRNAs regulate heteroblasty. miR172 in maize promotes the juvenile-to-adul ...
... reduction in cell size in leaves on higher nodes (Ashby, 1948); whether this phenomenon is physiological or genetically controlled remains to be answered. Recent molecular genetic studies indicate that miRNAs and transacting siRNAs regulate heteroblasty. miR172 in maize promotes the juvenile-to-adul ...
The Role of Cytoskeletal Elements in Shaping Bacterial Cells
... with a few additional factors [2, 88]. Thus, understanding the mechanisms of rod-shape maintenance is expected to provide insight into cell-shape determination for a variety of bacteria with differing cell morphology. The rod shape is maintained by two distinct modes of PG synthesis; namely, sidewal ...
... with a few additional factors [2, 88]. Thus, understanding the mechanisms of rod-shape maintenance is expected to provide insight into cell-shape determination for a variety of bacteria with differing cell morphology. The rod shape is maintained by two distinct modes of PG synthesis; namely, sidewal ...
Archaea - cloudfront.net
... For many years, archaea were classified as bacteria. Like the bacteria, archaea lacked a nucleus and membranebound organelles and, therefore, were prokaryotic cells. However, when scientists compared the DNA of the two prokaryotes, they found that there were distinct differences. They concluded that ...
... For many years, archaea were classified as bacteria. Like the bacteria, archaea lacked a nucleus and membranebound organelles and, therefore, were prokaryotic cells. However, when scientists compared the DNA of the two prokaryotes, they found that there were distinct differences. They concluded that ...
spatial control of cell expansion by the plant cytoskeleton
... factors bind to existing microfibrils and newly synthesized microfibrils, facilitating local order. The model also posits the existence of integral membrane components linking the scaffold factors to the cortical microtubules. The persistence of a membrane-based scaffold following cortical microtubule ...
... factors bind to existing microfibrils and newly synthesized microfibrils, facilitating local order. The model also posits the existence of integral membrane components linking the scaffold factors to the cortical microtubules. The persistence of a membrane-based scaffold following cortical microtubule ...
A Shift toward Smaller Cell Size via Manipulation of Cell Cycle Gene
... that local promotion of cell division at an early stage of development led to the nonintuitive outcome of an eventual decrease in lamina growth in that area (Wyrzykowska et al., 2002). However, the technical difficulty of dissecting tobacco leaf primordia and the lack of a system to reliably quantif ...
... that local promotion of cell division at an early stage of development led to the nonintuitive outcome of an eventual decrease in lamina growth in that area (Wyrzykowska et al., 2002). However, the technical difficulty of dissecting tobacco leaf primordia and the lack of a system to reliably quantif ...
Cyclin synthesis and degradation and the embryonic cell cycle
... experiments in which tissue culture cells in different stages of the cell cycle were fused to each other (Rao and Johnson, 1970). The dependent cycle can be viewed either as a traditional biochemical pathway where the product of each step acts as a substrate for the next, or as a series of essential ...
... experiments in which tissue culture cells in different stages of the cell cycle were fused to each other (Rao and Johnson, 1970). The dependent cycle can be viewed either as a traditional biochemical pathway where the product of each step acts as a substrate for the next, or as a series of essential ...
Advances in Environmental Biology Lepidium sativum
... The genus Lepidum belongs to tribe Lepidieae and section Monoploca [20] of Brassicaceae family [11,1,2] and consists of approximately 175 species [15] is the largest genus in the Brassicaceae [11]. It is distributed world wide, primarily in temperate and subtropical regions; the genus is poorly repr ...
... The genus Lepidum belongs to tribe Lepidieae and section Monoploca [20] of Brassicaceae family [11,1,2] and consists of approximately 175 species [15] is the largest genus in the Brassicaceae [11]. It is distributed world wide, primarily in temperate and subtropical regions; the genus is poorly repr ...
IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences (IOSR-JDMS)
... Non keratinocytes which include Langerhans cells, melanocytes and merkels cell, during histological processing cytoplasm shrinks around the nucleus to produce a clear halo. 4 The intracellular oedema becomes more pronounced as the cells migrate into the stratum spinosum.eg leukoedema Intracellular o ...
... Non keratinocytes which include Langerhans cells, melanocytes and merkels cell, during histological processing cytoplasm shrinks around the nucleus to produce a clear halo. 4 The intracellular oedema becomes more pronounced as the cells migrate into the stratum spinosum.eg leukoedema Intracellular o ...
Who wants to be a Millionaire?
... Name the stain that you used when examining an animal cell under the microscope. ...
... Name the stain that you used when examining an animal cell under the microscope. ...
Hormonal control of cell division and elongation
... et al., 2007). Altering the PLT2 gradient affects root meristem size, supporting the idea that PLTs maintain not only stem cell identity but also cell proliferation in the PM as a graded outputter of auxin distribution. Expression of PLT1 and PLT2 is regulated at the transcriptional level by auxin a ...
... et al., 2007). Altering the PLT2 gradient affects root meristem size, supporting the idea that PLTs maintain not only stem cell identity but also cell proliferation in the PM as a graded outputter of auxin distribution. Expression of PLT1 and PLT2 is regulated at the transcriptional level by auxin a ...
Bacterial Filament Systems: Toward Understanding Their Emergent
... FIGURE 1. Summary of three-component plasmid segregation systems. A common theme among the ParM, AlfA, and TubZ spindles is the spatial regulation of polymer stability. a, the polymers have differing degrees of inherent instability (stable in blue, unstable in red). ParM is dynamically unstable, Tub ...
... FIGURE 1. Summary of three-component plasmid segregation systems. A common theme among the ParM, AlfA, and TubZ spindles is the spatial regulation of polymer stability. a, the polymers have differing degrees of inherent instability (stable in blue, unstable in red). ParM is dynamically unstable, Tub ...
Classification of Plant Kingdom
... Viruses are self reproducing and obligate parasite in living cells : They Viroids remain inactive and behave as non-living things. When they enter inside of the living cells, they are active and behave as living organisms Because of this they are intermediate between living and non-living things. Th ...
... Viruses are self reproducing and obligate parasite in living cells : They Viroids remain inactive and behave as non-living things. When they enter inside of the living cells, they are active and behave as living organisms Because of this they are intermediate between living and non-living things. Th ...
Asymmetric Cell Division as a Route to Reduction in Cell Length
... more detailed description of the highly asymmetric cell division cycle that starts with a trypomastigote and produces one long and one short epimastigote daughter cell. Analyses of the expression of the sister chromatid cohesin component SCC1, as a marker for S- and G2 phases of the cell cycle, and ...
... more detailed description of the highly asymmetric cell division cycle that starts with a trypomastigote and produces one long and one short epimastigote daughter cell. Analyses of the expression of the sister chromatid cohesin component SCC1, as a marker for S- and G2 phases of the cell cycle, and ...
Studies on polar cell wall growth and antibiotic susceptibility of
... Corynebacterium glutamicum is a Gram positive soil bacterium with high industrial importance in ton scale production of amino acids. Apart from that, it becomes more and more important for medical studies, where it serves as model organism due to its close relation to bacteria causing several pathog ...
... Corynebacterium glutamicum is a Gram positive soil bacterium with high industrial importance in ton scale production of amino acids. Apart from that, it becomes more and more important for medical studies, where it serves as model organism due to its close relation to bacteria causing several pathog ...
Molecular genetic approaches to plant development
... specification in these organs. However, in situ hybridization experiments on wild-type plants indicate that AG expression late in development is restricted to a small number of specific cell types. Expression is detected In the endothelium and nectaries of the stamens and in the endothelium (the cel ...
... specification in these organs. However, in situ hybridization experiments on wild-type plants indicate that AG expression late in development is restricted to a small number of specific cell types. Expression is detected In the endothelium and nectaries of the stamens and in the endothelium (the cel ...
3. Taxonomy and classification of Algae
... Most biologists divide the living world into five "Kingdoms". These Kingdoms are: 1. Kingdom Monera 2. Kingdom Protista 3. Kingdom Fungi 4. Kingdom Plantae 5. Kingdom Animalia Principles of algal classification Although quite simple in form, the algae are an extremely diverse group. They vary in siz ...
... Most biologists divide the living world into five "Kingdoms". These Kingdoms are: 1. Kingdom Monera 2. Kingdom Protista 3. Kingdom Fungi 4. Kingdom Plantae 5. Kingdom Animalia Principles of algal classification Although quite simple in form, the algae are an extremely diverse group. They vary in siz ...
Epidermal Cell Fate and Patterning in Leaves
... Two genes, GL7 and TTG, are required for the initiation of trichome development on most epidermal surfaces of Arabidopsis. Plants homozygous for strong recessive alleles of either gene are virtually devoid of trichomes. gll mutants are defective only in trichome development, whereas ttg plants also ...
... Two genes, GL7 and TTG, are required for the initiation of trichome development on most epidermal surfaces of Arabidopsis. Plants homozygous for strong recessive alleles of either gene are virtually devoid of trichomes. gll mutants are defective only in trichome development, whereas ttg plants also ...
Cell wall
The cell wall is a tough, flexible and sometimes rigid layer that surrounds some types of cells. It surrounds the cell membrane and provides these cells with structural support and protection. In addition, the cell wall acts as a filtering mechanism. A major function of the cell wall is to act as a pressure vessel, preventing over-expansion when water enters the cell. Cell walls are found in plants, fungi and prokaryotic cells but not in mycoplasmas.The composition of the cell wall varies between species and may depend on cell type and developmental stage. The primary cell wall of land plants is composed of the polysaccharides cellulose, hemicellulose and pectin. In bacteria, peptidoglycan forms the cell wall. Archaean cell walls have various compositions, and may be formed of glycoprotein S-layers, pseudopeptidoglycan, or polysaccharides. Fungi possess cell walls made of the glucosamine polymer chitin, and algae typically possess walls made of glycoproteins and polysaccharides. Unusually, diatoms have a cell wall composed of biogenic silica. Often, other accessory molecules are found anchored to the cell wall.