No Slide Title
... much more effective if CS precedes US (e.g., first the white rat, then the noise) Inter-Stimulus Interval (ISI): about 1/2 second to a few seconds is best Numer of CS - US pairings: usually many are needed (except in conditioned taste aversion!) ...
... much more effective if CS precedes US (e.g., first the white rat, then the noise) Inter-Stimulus Interval (ISI): about 1/2 second to a few seconds is best Numer of CS - US pairings: usually many are needed (except in conditioned taste aversion!) ...
Neuron highlight
... of spatial and temporal structure of odorant representations (Friedrich, 2006; Spors and Grinvald, 2002). In zebrafish these patterns evolve into more specific representations by about 400 ms and can persist for up to 1.5 s, but the question has arisen that if an animal can do the discrimination in ...
... of spatial and temporal structure of odorant representations (Friedrich, 2006; Spors and Grinvald, 2002). In zebrafish these patterns evolve into more specific representations by about 400 ms and can persist for up to 1.5 s, but the question has arisen that if an animal can do the discrimination in ...
Chapter 4 –Operant Conditioning
... ◦ Equipotentiality. ◦ Learning should be studied objectively (S-R). ◦ Internal processes are excluded from study (SOR). ◦ Learning involves a ________ change. ◦ Organisms are ______ slates (tabula rasa). ◦ Learning/ conditioning is the result of _____________ events. ◦ The most useful theories are _ ...
... ◦ Equipotentiality. ◦ Learning should be studied objectively (S-R). ◦ Internal processes are excluded from study (SOR). ◦ Learning involves a ________ change. ◦ Organisms are ______ slates (tabula rasa). ◦ Learning/ conditioning is the result of _____________ events. ◦ The most useful theories are _ ...
C8003 Psychobiology sample paper 2016-17
... GABA depolarises the postsynaptic cell as a consequence of chloride movement into that cell GABA-A receptors have a single binding site at which GABA and alcohol interact GABA is taken up into the presynaptic cell after it acts at the receptor GABA-A receptors require second messenger systems to hav ...
... GABA depolarises the postsynaptic cell as a consequence of chloride movement into that cell GABA-A receptors have a single binding site at which GABA and alcohol interact GABA is taken up into the presynaptic cell after it acts at the receptor GABA-A receptors require second messenger systems to hav ...
10-21-09
... Macaque. It is more challenging to select options when their rewards are more similar than when they’re more difference. It’s even more difficult when there are multiple options. mOFC damage influences how much the third option influences the choice in options. Four monkeys were lesioned in the mOFC ...
... Macaque. It is more challenging to select options when their rewards are more similar than when they’re more difference. It’s even more difficult when there are multiple options. mOFC damage influences how much the third option influences the choice in options. Four monkeys were lesioned in the mOFC ...
Primary motor cortex
... The PET scan on the left shows two areas of the brain (red and yellow) that become particularly active when volunteers read words on a video screen: the primary visual cortex and an additional part of the visual system, both in the back of the left hemisphere. Other brain regions become especially a ...
... The PET scan on the left shows two areas of the brain (red and yellow) that become particularly active when volunteers read words on a video screen: the primary visual cortex and an additional part of the visual system, both in the back of the left hemisphere. Other brain regions become especially a ...
CLASSICAL CONDITIONING Learning: Some Key Terms Learning
... Reinforcement given after a desired response occurs Fig. 8.9 The Skinner box. This simple device, invented by B. F. Skinner, allows careful study of operant conditioning. When the rat presses the bar, a pellet of food or a drop of water is automatically released. (A photograph of a Skinner box appea ...
... Reinforcement given after a desired response occurs Fig. 8.9 The Skinner box. This simple device, invented by B. F. Skinner, allows careful study of operant conditioning. When the rat presses the bar, a pellet of food or a drop of water is automatically released. (A photograph of a Skinner box appea ...
brain movement and disorder
... Without this supraspinal innervation, such as after acute stroke, there is not enough background excitation of alpha motor neurons to sustain a reflex. Ultimately the 1A fibers sprout more synaptic knobs so alpha motor neurons are excited by stretch alone ...
... Without this supraspinal innervation, such as after acute stroke, there is not enough background excitation of alpha motor neurons to sustain a reflex. Ultimately the 1A fibers sprout more synaptic knobs so alpha motor neurons are excited by stretch alone ...
chapter 5 learning lecture notes
... Organisms acquire conditioned responses when one event reliably signals the appearance of another. Such learned associations help organisms develop mental representations of the relationships between events in their environment. 2. Timing. Classical conditioning works best when the CS precedes (pred ...
... Organisms acquire conditioned responses when one event reliably signals the appearance of another. Such learned associations help organisms develop mental representations of the relationships between events in their environment. 2. Timing. Classical conditioning works best when the CS precedes (pred ...
PowerPoint Presentation - Chapter 3 Two Early Connectionist
... Extinction means that after acquisition, the more successive times the conditioned stimulus is then presented without the unconditioned stimulus, the weaker the tendency to make the conditioned response will become. As with acquisition, this law is really two laws, one stating that the more times in ...
... Extinction means that after acquisition, the more successive times the conditioned stimulus is then presented without the unconditioned stimulus, the weaker the tendency to make the conditioned response will become. As with acquisition, this law is really two laws, one stating that the more times in ...
Brain Anatomy
... Very complex mental functions DO NOT reside in any one place Memory, language, attention result from synchronized activity among distinct brain areas ...
... Very complex mental functions DO NOT reside in any one place Memory, language, attention result from synchronized activity among distinct brain areas ...
Morphological Basis of Learning and Memory: Vertebrates
... environment. In a second phase, astrocytes divide, increasing their numbers, and shrink, on average, toward their preexposure size. These stages are qualitatively comparable with those of gliosis, the glial reaction to injury, yet protracted. Moreover, Anderson et al. (1994) have shown an increase i ...
... environment. In a second phase, astrocytes divide, increasing their numbers, and shrink, on average, toward their preexposure size. These stages are qualitatively comparable with those of gliosis, the glial reaction to injury, yet protracted. Moreover, Anderson et al. (1994) have shown an increase i ...
Classical v. Operant Conditioning
... Classical Conditioning • The classical conditioning process is particularly important in understanding how we learn emotional behavior. – When we develop a new fear, for example, we learn to fear a stimulus that has been combined with some other frightening stimulus. – Studies of classical conditio ...
... Classical Conditioning • The classical conditioning process is particularly important in understanding how we learn emotional behavior. – When we develop a new fear, for example, we learn to fear a stimulus that has been combined with some other frightening stimulus. – Studies of classical conditio ...
Case Study 55
... neuronal cortical dysplasia within the glioneuronal neoplastic element as well as numerous scattered neurons in the subcortical white matter. This is further confirmed by the reduced synaptophysin staining in the affected regions. Furthermore, the GFAP staining highlights the glial component of the ...
... neuronal cortical dysplasia within the glioneuronal neoplastic element as well as numerous scattered neurons in the subcortical white matter. This is further confirmed by the reduced synaptophysin staining in the affected regions. Furthermore, the GFAP staining highlights the glial component of the ...
AP Module 18 19 20 Exam 11 12 test bank
... (A) Conditioned taste preference for the substance (B) Generalized taste preference for similar substances (C) Conditioned taste aversion for the substance (D) Conditioned taste aversion for any novel substance (E) Conditioned taste preference for any novel substance 61. Research indicates that many ...
... (A) Conditioned taste preference for the substance (B) Generalized taste preference for similar substances (C) Conditioned taste aversion for the substance (D) Conditioned taste aversion for any novel substance (E) Conditioned taste preference for any novel substance 61. Research indicates that many ...
Clinical and Neuropathological Features of
... neurons of frontal cortex and caudate, and seldom apparently free-lying bodies in the cerebellum and putamen (data not shown). Mutations in STUB1 have been recently described in Gordon Holmes syndrome and in additional autosomal recessive forms of ataxia [3–7]. The phenotype of our patients is simil ...
... neurons of frontal cortex and caudate, and seldom apparently free-lying bodies in the cerebellum and putamen (data not shown). Mutations in STUB1 have been recently described in Gordon Holmes syndrome and in additional autosomal recessive forms of ataxia [3–7]. The phenotype of our patients is simil ...
Classical Conditioning
... that spreads from one situation to a similar one. (A baby will call Daddy “Dada.” When the baby sees any man, the baby calls out “Dada.”) Discrimination is the reverse of generalization. Some stimuli have pleasant consequences and some do not. (A baby gradually learns that only one person responds w ...
... that spreads from one situation to a similar one. (A baby will call Daddy “Dada.” When the baby sees any man, the baby calls out “Dada.”) Discrimination is the reverse of generalization. Some stimuli have pleasant consequences and some do not. (A baby gradually learns that only one person responds w ...
Amsterdam Brn Adapt View P3
... groups both had more than the AC or IC groups, which did not differ; this suggests that the formation of new capillaries was driven by neural activity. By contrast, when the number of synapses per neuron was measured, shown in Fig. XB, the learning group, AC, exceeded the other 3 groups, which did n ...
... groups both had more than the AC or IC groups, which did not differ; this suggests that the formation of new capillaries was driven by neural activity. By contrast, when the number of synapses per neuron was measured, shown in Fig. XB, the learning group, AC, exceeded the other 3 groups, which did n ...
Learning Theories - Dr. Howard Fine, Clinical Psychologist London UK
... Thorndike proposed that a given behaviour is likely to be repeated if it produces a pleasant effect. ⇒ Law of effect Being released from the box was a pleasant outcome for the animal and so was reaching the food – positive ...
... Thorndike proposed that a given behaviour is likely to be repeated if it produces a pleasant effect. ⇒ Law of effect Being released from the box was a pleasant outcome for the animal and so was reaching the food – positive ...
Module 9 Presentation
... – Usefulness of certain abilities or traits that have evolved in animals and humans that increases their chance of survival – Examples include finding food, acquiring mates, and avoiding pain ...
... – Usefulness of certain abilities or traits that have evolved in animals and humans that increases their chance of survival – Examples include finding food, acquiring mates, and avoiding pain ...
The Visual System
... A monkey which had had one eye masked was injected with 3H-labeled 2-deoxy D glucose. This glucose analogue is taken up by cells as if it were glucose, but can’t be metabolized. After a few minutes the animal was sacrificed and the visual cortex sliced for autoradiographs. The stimulated cortical co ...
... A monkey which had had one eye masked was injected with 3H-labeled 2-deoxy D glucose. This glucose analogue is taken up by cells as if it were glucose, but can’t be metabolized. After a few minutes the animal was sacrificed and the visual cortex sliced for autoradiographs. The stimulated cortical co ...
MicroRNA ablation affects Bergmann glial morphology and disrupts
... MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play important roles during development of the central nervous system (CNS). Several reports indicate that tissue development and cellular differentiation in the developing forebrains are disrupted in the absence of miRNAs. However, miRNA functions during cerebellar development ha ...
... MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play important roles during development of the central nervous system (CNS). Several reports indicate that tissue development and cellular differentiation in the developing forebrains are disrupted in the absence of miRNAs. However, miRNA functions during cerebellar development ha ...
View PDF - OMICS International
... Accumulation of neurofilament-rich inclusions in neurons has been reported in age-related neurodegenerative diseases such as Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease and Parkinson’s disease [26–31]. However, Purkinje cell soma was not stained with anti-SMI-31 in either group of mice in the present study, suggestin ...
... Accumulation of neurofilament-rich inclusions in neurons has been reported in age-related neurodegenerative diseases such as Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease and Parkinson’s disease [26–31]. However, Purkinje cell soma was not stained with anti-SMI-31 in either group of mice in the present study, suggestin ...