research Nerve Cells, Axons, Dendrites, and Synapses: The
... A synapse is a contact point of one neuron to the next neuron. The electrical impulse from one neuron travels down its axon and when it reaches the end, it activates a chemical transmitter that carries the impulse across a small gap to the next nerve cell. The component containing the gap is the syn ...
... A synapse is a contact point of one neuron to the next neuron. The electrical impulse from one neuron travels down its axon and when it reaches the end, it activates a chemical transmitter that carries the impulse across a small gap to the next nerve cell. The component containing the gap is the syn ...
Ch. 2 the LGN and Striate Cortex
... • Neurons that fire to specific features of a stimulus • Pathway away from retina shows neurons that fire to more complex stimuli • Cells that are feature detectors: – Simple cortical cell – Complex cortical cell – End-stopped cortical cell ch 4 ...
... • Neurons that fire to specific features of a stimulus • Pathway away from retina shows neurons that fire to more complex stimuli • Cells that are feature detectors: – Simple cortical cell – Complex cortical cell – End-stopped cortical cell ch 4 ...
Learning - ISA
... stimulus. In other words, the CS no longer elicits the CR. ◦ To acquire a CR, we repeatedly pair a neutral stimulus with the UCS. But, if we want to reverse this learning, we must weaken the strength of the connection between the two stimuli. For example, once the dogs have been conditioned to saliv ...
... stimulus. In other words, the CS no longer elicits the CR. ◦ To acquire a CR, we repeatedly pair a neutral stimulus with the UCS. But, if we want to reverse this learning, we must weaken the strength of the connection between the two stimuli. For example, once the dogs have been conditioned to saliv ...
NERVE SYSTEM The nervous system is divided anatomically into
... brainstem through the cerebellar peduncles to the deep cerebellar nuclei and cerebellar cortex. Each climbing fiber enters the molecular layer and makes up to several hundred synaptic contacts on dendrites of a single Purkinje cell. The mossy fibers branch profusely and, through synapses, exert exci ...
... brainstem through the cerebellar peduncles to the deep cerebellar nuclei and cerebellar cortex. Each climbing fiber enters the molecular layer and makes up to several hundred synaptic contacts on dendrites of a single Purkinje cell. The mossy fibers branch profusely and, through synapses, exert exci ...
development brain section anatomy gross anatomy
... medial surface - cingulate gyrus and sulcus parahippocampal gyrus calacrine sulcus corpus callosum ventricles ...
... medial surface - cingulate gyrus and sulcus parahippocampal gyrus calacrine sulcus corpus callosum ventricles ...
Unit 5
... stimulus by being paired closely together. Cognitive perspective - modern theory in which classical conditioning is seen to occur because the conditioned stimulus provides information or an expectancy about the coming of the unconditioned stimulus. ...
... stimulus by being paired closely together. Cognitive perspective - modern theory in which classical conditioning is seen to occur because the conditioned stimulus provides information or an expectancy about the coming of the unconditioned stimulus. ...
Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology HST.131: Introduction to Neuroscience
... ganglion cell synapse, can release GABA or glycine once stimulated by the bipolar neuron. Thus, with a temporal lag, the response of the ganglion cell will be reduced. d. Once exposed to light, rhodopsin is photobleached and needs to be recycled before it can be used again in the photoreceptor. Thus ...
... ganglion cell synapse, can release GABA or glycine once stimulated by the bipolar neuron. Thus, with a temporal lag, the response of the ganglion cell will be reduced. d. Once exposed to light, rhodopsin is photobleached and needs to be recycled before it can be used again in the photoreceptor. Thus ...
Neurophysiology
... Superior Olivary Complex Lateral Lemniscus Inferior Colliculus Medial Geniculate Body Primary Auditory Cortex ...
... Superior Olivary Complex Lateral Lemniscus Inferior Colliculus Medial Geniculate Body Primary Auditory Cortex ...
The Cerebral Cortex
... – loss of ability to transfer most types of learning from short term to long term memory (exception is reflexive learning; i.e. motor skills) – not well oriented in space & time – forgetting incidents of daily life immediately ...
... – loss of ability to transfer most types of learning from short term to long term memory (exception is reflexive learning; i.e. motor skills) – not well oriented in space & time – forgetting incidents of daily life immediately ...
Visual development.
... • Retinal cells were responsive in all groups • Cortical activity was reduced in parts of the brain that process information from the deprived eye ...
... • Retinal cells were responsive in all groups • Cortical activity was reduced in parts of the brain that process information from the deprived eye ...
Visual development.
... • Retinal cells were responsive in all groups • Cortical activity was reduced in parts of the brain that process information from the deprived eye ...
... • Retinal cells were responsive in all groups • Cortical activity was reduced in parts of the brain that process information from the deprived eye ...
PNS and CNS Nervous System Organization Peripheral Nervous
... carry information between spinal nerves and brain • Ascending tracts – carry sensory information up to the brain ...
... carry information between spinal nerves and brain • Ascending tracts – carry sensory information up to the brain ...
48 0007-4888/05/14010048 © 2005 Springer Science+Business
... increased inhibition (for example, enhanced release of the transmitter [11] or enhanced regulation of postsynaptic GABAergic receptors [6]). The data on the direction of changes in the GABAergic system of patients with epilepsy of the parietal lobe also attest to decreased, retained, or increased GA ...
... increased inhibition (for example, enhanced release of the transmitter [11] or enhanced regulation of postsynaptic GABAergic receptors [6]). The data on the direction of changes in the GABAergic system of patients with epilepsy of the parietal lobe also attest to decreased, retained, or increased GA ...
P215 - Basic Human Physiology
... • Motor (Efferent) – convey impulses away from CNS to periphery – Efferent (motor) neurons ...
... • Motor (Efferent) – convey impulses away from CNS to periphery – Efferent (motor) neurons ...
sample - McLoon Lab
... A. membrane dopamine transporter proteins / inhibitory GABAergic neurons B. postsynaptic dopamine receptors / inhibitory GABAergic neurons C. membrane dopamine transporter proteins / dopamine neuron cell bodies D. dopamine neuron cell bodies / inhibitory GABAergic neurons Lecture 37 learning & memor ...
... A. membrane dopamine transporter proteins / inhibitory GABAergic neurons B. postsynaptic dopamine receptors / inhibitory GABAergic neurons C. membrane dopamine transporter proteins / dopamine neuron cell bodies D. dopamine neuron cell bodies / inhibitory GABAergic neurons Lecture 37 learning & memor ...
Chapter 7 – Learning
... Extinction – Undoing of a previously learned response so that the response is no longer produced Even with much time-delay, extinction probably won’t occur because classically conditioned responses are not forgotten quickly If an organism is conditioned, unconditioned, and then reconditioned, the ra ...
... Extinction – Undoing of a previously learned response so that the response is no longer produced Even with much time-delay, extinction probably won’t occur because classically conditioned responses are not forgotten quickly If an organism is conditioned, unconditioned, and then reconditioned, the ra ...
Learning and Behaviorism
... • If a conditioned stimulus is repeatedly presented without the unconditioned stimulus, then the conditioned response will disappear. This is known as extinction. If a dog learns to associate the sound of a bell with food and then the bell is rung repeatedly, but no food is presented, the dog will s ...
... • If a conditioned stimulus is repeatedly presented without the unconditioned stimulus, then the conditioned response will disappear. This is known as extinction. If a dog learns to associate the sound of a bell with food and then the bell is rung repeatedly, but no food is presented, the dog will s ...
Functional areas of cerebral cortex and its associated lesions
... Broca’s area, 44 & 45, production of speech Primary Motor Cortex Located in the precentral gyrus (Area 4) Composed of pyramidal cells Large neurons whose axons make up the corticospinal tracts Allows conscious control of precise, skilled, voluntary movements i.e., controls skeletal muscl ...
... Broca’s area, 44 & 45, production of speech Primary Motor Cortex Located in the precentral gyrus (Area 4) Composed of pyramidal cells Large neurons whose axons make up the corticospinal tracts Allows conscious control of precise, skilled, voluntary movements i.e., controls skeletal muscl ...
Neural Basis of the Ventriloquist
... Contralateral activation same for illusion trials as for when sound actually came from the illusory location Response found in Planum Temporale What is the Planum Temporale? ...
... Contralateral activation same for illusion trials as for when sound actually came from the illusory location Response found in Planum Temporale What is the Planum Temporale? ...
Week 3 - Stephen P. van Vlack
... In Pavlovian conditioning the association of a CS to a CR is made possible by US. The organism will have transferred the natural or unconditioned response to the unconditioned stimulus to what is now seen as a conditioned stimulus even though prior to the experimental trials using temporally control ...
... In Pavlovian conditioning the association of a CS to a CR is made possible by US. The organism will have transferred the natural or unconditioned response to the unconditioned stimulus to what is now seen as a conditioned stimulus even though prior to the experimental trials using temporally control ...
doc Chapter 8
... excitatory to the GPi which results in the same circuit described for the GPi but the overall effect on the motor cortex is INHIBITORY. The GP also sends axons to various motor nuclei in the brain stem that contributes to the ventromedial system. ...
... excitatory to the GPi which results in the same circuit described for the GPi but the overall effect on the motor cortex is INHIBITORY. The GP also sends axons to various motor nuclei in the brain stem that contributes to the ventromedial system. ...
Ch 4 V Cortexb - Texas A&M University
... • Neurons that fire to specific features of a stimulus • Pathway away from retina shows neurons that fire to more complex stimuli • Cells that are feature detectors: – Simple cortical cell – Complex cortical cell – End-stopped cortical cell ch 4 ...
... • Neurons that fire to specific features of a stimulus • Pathway away from retina shows neurons that fire to more complex stimuli • Cells that are feature detectors: – Simple cortical cell – Complex cortical cell – End-stopped cortical cell ch 4 ...
Motor Cortex
... Motor cortex ---> spinal cord uninterrupted axon 2/3 of axons from motor cortex 1/3 from somatosensory cortex Decussates at medullary pyramids Contralateral control movement ~ ...
... Motor cortex ---> spinal cord uninterrupted axon 2/3 of axons from motor cortex 1/3 from somatosensory cortex Decussates at medullary pyramids Contralateral control movement ~ ...
THE CEREBRUM (sah REB brum) LOCATION The cerebrum is the
... movement within joints, muscle tone, position of the body, and the tightness of ligaments and tendons. This information reaches the cerebellum directly from sensory receptors including the inner ear, the eye, and the proprioceptors of the skeletal muscle. The "outgoing" axons carry nerve messages ...
... movement within joints, muscle tone, position of the body, and the tightness of ligaments and tendons. This information reaches the cerebellum directly from sensory receptors including the inner ear, the eye, and the proprioceptors of the skeletal muscle. The "outgoing" axons carry nerve messages ...