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Slide ()

... separate layers of the lateral geniculate nucleus. The axons of neurons in the lateral geniculate nucleus project to neurons in layer IVC of the primary visual cortex. Neurons in layer IVC are organized in alternating sets of ocular dominance columns; each column receives input from only one eye. Th ...
Motor System I: The Pyramidal Tract
Motor System I: The Pyramidal Tract

... Contraction of specific muscles always related to site of stimulation on area 4. From this, the concept of a “motor homunculus” has emerged. Stimulation of area 4 causes flick-like flexions or extensions involving few muscles. Stimulation of area 6 or other areas may result in patterned movements in ...
Nervous System Lecture- Part II
Nervous System Lecture- Part II

... Do not divide – fetal neurons lose their ability to undergo mitosis; neural stem cells are an exception High metabolic rate – require abundant oxygen and glucose, neurons die after 5 minutes without oxygen ...
the ilaeand the flowering of basic research in the early post–war years
the ilaeand the flowering of basic research in the early post–war years

... the monkey (the latter by Pope, Morris, Jasper, Elliott and Penfield). The 1949 Paris congress included a presentation, in French, on the role of the diencephalo–hypophyso–cortical system in the pathogenesis of epilepsy by Stubbe Teglbjaerg. The 1953 congress in Lisbon was devoted to temporal lobe e ...
Anterograde amnesia
Anterograde amnesia

... – The most important input to the hippocampal formation is the entorhinal cortex, which receives inputs from the limbic cortex either directly or via the perirhinal cortex or the parahippocampal cortex – How does the hippocampus form new declarative memories? • Hippocampus receives info about what i ...
Chapter 14
Chapter 14

... – The most important input to the hippocampal formation is the entorhinal cortex, which receives inputs from the limbic cortex either directly or via the perirhinal cortex or the parahippocampal cortex – How does the hippocampus form new declarative memories?  Hippocampus receives info about what i ...
3. Classical Conditioning
3. Classical Conditioning

... During acquisition the CS and UCS occur close together in time and always in the same sequence. ...
Print this Page Presentation Abstract Program#/Poster#: 532.07/GG10
Print this Page Presentation Abstract Program#/Poster#: 532.07/GG10

... Surround suppression in the cortex can be explained by normalization models in which the output is modulated by the summed local activity. In these models, the region of the sensory space that is pooled to produce suppression to a neuron is larger than that for summation. The neural implementation o ...
The Central Nervous System
The Central Nervous System

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CH 14 brain cranial nerves A and P 2017
CH 14 brain cranial nerves A and P 2017

... sulcus = shallow groove or furrow on the surface of a structure gyrus = thick folds of tissue of the cerebrum and cerebellum precentral gyrus = gyrus anterior to central sulcus (primary motor) postcentral gyrus = gyrus posterior to central sulcus (primary sensory) central sulcus = separates primary ...
Gluck_OutlinePPT_Ch12
Gluck_OutlinePPT_Ch12

... Classical conditioning and skill learning decline with aging. (A) Plotted from data in Solomon et al., 1989, Table 1. (B) From Kausler, D. (1994). Learning and Memory in Normal Aging. New York: Academic Press, p. 38 fig 2.4 (top), which cites adapted from Ruch, 1934. ...
Nervous System Lecture- Part II
Nervous System Lecture- Part II

... Do not divide – fetal neurons lose their ability to undergo mitosis; neural stem cells are an exception High metabolic rate – require abundant oxygen and glucose, neurons die after 5 minutes without oxygen ...
LEARNING AND INFORMATION PROCESSING
LEARNING AND INFORMATION PROCESSING

... • 2) secondary/conditioned reinforcer - a previously neutral stimulus that acquires the ability to strengthen responses because the stimulus has been paired with a primary reinforcer. For example, an organism may become conditioned to the sound of food dispenser, which occurs after the operant respo ...
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NeuroD2 Is Necessary for Development and Survival of Central

... littermates (black arrows). An “X” is shown for each time the animal exhibited the behavior. Observations were made by an investigator that was blinded to mouse genotype. To avoid multiple recordings of the same seizure, each behavior was recorded only once per 5-min period. Also, staring was record ...
think about it
think about it

... Pavlov demonstrated that dogs could be conditioned to salivate to a variety of stimuli never before associated with food, as shown in FIGURE 2 (above). During the conditioning process, the researcher would present a neutral stimulus such as a musical tone shortly before placing food powder in the do ...
Chapter 9 Touch, Pain, Taste and Smell
Chapter 9 Touch, Pain, Taste and Smell

... (somatosensory), spiciness (pain) and vision, which results in the perception of flavour. Cells here receive a multimodal input and can respond, for example, to the smell, sight, or taste of a banana. Patients with lesions of the orbitofrontal cortex are unable to discriminate ...
Learning in the oculomotor system: from molecules to behavior
Learning in the oculomotor system: from molecules to behavior

... afferent and efferent projections of the flocculus and ventral paraflocculus, which raise the possibility that the two structures may make somewhat different contributions to the VOR [27,28•,29•]. To understand VOR adaptation, it will be important to specify more precisely which synapses in the vest ...
The Cutaneous Senses
The Cutaneous Senses

... •  The threshold at which nociceptors respond should be ‘just right’. Too low would cause normal activity to result in pain; too high would take away from the early warning aspect of pain (the skin would already be damaged before we sensed pain). ...
Chp 6 Weiten - Napa Valley College
Chp 6 Weiten - Napa Valley College

... After seven pairings of rat & gong, the rat was established as a CS eliciting a fear response. 5 days later, exposed youngster to other stimuli resembling the rat in being white and furry. Results = Albert’s fear response generalized to variety of stimuli, including rabbit, dog, fur coat, Santa Clau ...
The Somatosensory System
The Somatosensory System

... • 1st order neuron synapse in the grey matter of the dorsal horn marginal zone (lamina1) and deeper in the dorsal horn (lamina 5) • Some axon collaterals ascend or descend for a few segments in lissauer tract before entering the central gray • 2nd order neuron cross over in the spinal cord anterior ...
1) Propagated electrical signals - UW Canvas
1) Propagated electrical signals - UW Canvas

... 1) Propagated electrical signals electrical to electrical to electrical ...
Notes on Learning to Compute and Computing to Learn
Notes on Learning to Compute and Computing to Learn

... sites where multimodal integration actually takes place [10] – these studies were inspired, in part, by the earlier work on cats [21, 22]. Two experiments, one dealing with subjects’ mouth movements whilst looking at a videotape of the lower half of a face silently mouthing ...
Learning
Learning

... The response is followed by removal, delay, or decrease in intensity of, an unpleasant stimulus. ©2002 Prentice Hall ...
Central Nervous System (CNS)
Central Nervous System (CNS)

... – Coordinates sensory input with emotions – Emotional responses to pain – Basic, inborn behavioral patterns related to survival and perpetuation of the species – Regulates aggressive behavior Hippocampus - sends memories out to the appropriate part of the cerebral hemisphere for long-term storage an ...
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Eyeblink conditioning

Eyeblink conditioning (EBC) is a form of classical conditioning that has been used extensively to study neural structures and mechanisms that underlie learning and memory. The procedure is relatively simple and usually consists of pairing an auditory or visual stimulus (the conditioned stimulus (CS)) with an eyeblink-eliciting unconditioned stimulus (US) (e.g. a mild puff of air to the cornea or a mild shock). Naïve organisms initially produce a reflexive, unconditioned response (UR) (e.g. blink or extension of nictitating membrane) that follows US onset. After many CS-US pairings, an association is formed such that a learned blink, or conditioned response (CR), occurs and precedes US onset. The magnitude of learning is generally gauged by the percentage of all paired CS-US trials that result in a CR. Under optimal conditions, well-trained animals produce a high percentage of CRs (> 90%). The conditions necessary for, and the physiological mechanisms that govern, eyeblink CR learning have been studied across many mammalian species, including mice, rats, guinea pigs, rabbits, ferrets, cats, and humans. Historically, rabbits have been the most popular research subjects.
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