Sequential Development of Electrical and Chemical Synaptic
... Neuronal circuits form during embryonic life, even before synapses are completely mature. Developmental changes can be quantitative (e.g., connections become stronger and more reliable) or qualitative (e.g., synapses form, are lost, or switch from electrical to chemical or from excitatory to inhibit ...
... Neuronal circuits form during embryonic life, even before synapses are completely mature. Developmental changes can be quantitative (e.g., connections become stronger and more reliable) or qualitative (e.g., synapses form, are lost, or switch from electrical to chemical or from excitatory to inhibit ...
Fast Propagation of Firing Rates through Layered Networks of Noisy
... are in the same state when the stimulus arrives and because all neurons receive identical input, each layer behaves like a single I&F neuron. The synchronization is advantageous for coding schemes that require preservation of precise spike timing. On the other hand, weaker responses in the input lay ...
... are in the same state when the stimulus arrives and because all neurons receive identical input, each layer behaves like a single I&F neuron. The synchronization is advantageous for coding schemes that require preservation of precise spike timing. On the other hand, weaker responses in the input lay ...
Divided by Cytochrome Oxidase: A Map of the Projections from V1 to
... release of BDNF from presynaptic terminals in cortical neurons (37). A recent report (38) provides evidence for activity-dependent postsynaptic release of BDNF from cultured hippocampal neurons. However, because this BDNF release has not yet been directly correlated with LTP recordings, more work is ...
... release of BDNF from presynaptic terminals in cortical neurons (37). A recent report (38) provides evidence for activity-dependent postsynaptic release of BDNF from cultured hippocampal neurons. However, because this BDNF release has not yet been directly correlated with LTP recordings, more work is ...
Dopamine
... DA has been found to exert actions on the neurons it innervates both directly and via G-protein–coupled receptors. Moreover, this transmitter can modulate afferent input within these target regions, as well as alter intercellular communication via its actions on gap junctions. Finally, DA can potent ...
... DA has been found to exert actions on the neurons it innervates both directly and via G-protein–coupled receptors. Moreover, this transmitter can modulate afferent input within these target regions, as well as alter intercellular communication via its actions on gap junctions. Finally, DA can potent ...
Neurotransmitter and Neuromodulator Activity in
... input resistance, but in 10% of the neurons, NMDA caused an increase in input resistance. The reversal potential for NMDA was —8.2 ± 1 . 5 mV. This value was almost the same as the AMPA reversal potential indicating that similar ionic mechanisms were involved. ...
... input resistance, but in 10% of the neurons, NMDA caused an increase in input resistance. The reversal potential for NMDA was —8.2 ± 1 . 5 mV. This value was almost the same as the AMPA reversal potential indicating that similar ionic mechanisms were involved. ...
Horizontal Interactions in Cat Striate Cortex: 1. Anatomical Substrate
... FB was dissolved at a concentration of 5 % in distilled water, DY at a concentration of 2% in distilled water and FG was dissolved at a concentration of 3 % in 0.2 M phosphate buffer (PB) and injected in amounts of 500 nl. RBs were applied via Hamilton syringe in amounts of 100 nl. In most cases the ...
... FB was dissolved at a concentration of 5 % in distilled water, DY at a concentration of 2% in distilled water and FG was dissolved at a concentration of 3 % in 0.2 M phosphate buffer (PB) and injected in amounts of 500 nl. RBs were applied via Hamilton syringe in amounts of 100 nl. In most cases the ...
Use of an Amino-Cupric-Silver Technique for the Detection of Early
... stored in fixative for 2-3 days. Good results, however, have been obtained in sections that have been postfixed for only 25 h or at the other extreme for 2-3 months in a refrigerator (4°C). The postfixation eventually suppresses normal fiber staining; at 24 h some normal fibers will be stained, whil ...
... stored in fixative for 2-3 days. Good results, however, have been obtained in sections that have been postfixed for only 25 h or at the other extreme for 2-3 months in a refrigerator (4°C). The postfixation eventually suppresses normal fiber staining; at 24 h some normal fibers will be stained, whil ...
Signaling by truncated Dab1 protein - Development
... et al., 1997). However, this model does not provide a simple explanation for the accumulation of late-born CP neurons below early neurons in the Reln mutant cortex (outside-in layering). The late born neurons are thus accumulating in a region where reelin is not normally expressed. It has been propo ...
... et al., 1997). However, this model does not provide a simple explanation for the accumulation of late-born CP neurons below early neurons in the Reln mutant cortex (outside-in layering). The late born neurons are thus accumulating in a region where reelin is not normally expressed. It has been propo ...
Modeling stability in neuron and network function: the role of activity
... that suggests that synaptic strength is also homeostatically controlled.(10) Conventional models of neurons show a variety of intrinsic membrane properties Biological neurons express a large number of different voltageand time-dependent currents. An individual neuron may have anywhere from four or f ...
... that suggests that synaptic strength is also homeostatically controlled.(10) Conventional models of neurons show a variety of intrinsic membrane properties Biological neurons express a large number of different voltageand time-dependent currents. An individual neuron may have anywhere from four or f ...
Medial Prefrontal Cortex Cells Show Dynamic Modulation With the
... The role of the hippocampus during behavior has been thoroughly researched and great progress has been made into unraveling how the hippocampus plays its central role in memory tasks (Eichenbaum, 2004). The prefrontal cortex has been shown to be involved in a range of complex tasks in primates and r ...
... The role of the hippocampus during behavior has been thoroughly researched and great progress has been made into unraveling how the hippocampus plays its central role in memory tasks (Eichenbaum, 2004). The prefrontal cortex has been shown to be involved in a range of complex tasks in primates and r ...
Signal Propagation and Logic Gating in Networks of Integrate
... rather than reporting the values of ⌬gex and ⌬ginh, which are the synaptic strengths, we report the resulting EPSP and IPSP sizes. These are obtained within the active network from spike-triggered average membrane potentials of postsynaptic neurons after spikes evoked within individual network neuro ...
... rather than reporting the values of ⌬gex and ⌬ginh, which are the synaptic strengths, we report the resulting EPSP and IPSP sizes. These are obtained within the active network from spike-triggered average membrane potentials of postsynaptic neurons after spikes evoked within individual network neuro ...
Thalamic Circuit Diversity: Modulation of the Driver/Modulator
... Powell, 1969; Eris, ir et al., 1997b). In vitro studies of responses elicited by activation of retinogeniculate or corticothalamic terminals in brain slices revealed that RL and RS profiles evoke very distinct types of postsynaptic responses. RL terminals exhibit a high probability of neurotransmitt ...
... Powell, 1969; Eris, ir et al., 1997b). In vitro studies of responses elicited by activation of retinogeniculate or corticothalamic terminals in brain slices revealed that RL and RS profiles evoke very distinct types of postsynaptic responses. RL terminals exhibit a high probability of neurotransmitt ...
Modulation of Inhibitory Synaptic Potentials in the Piriform Cortex
... fibers in layer Ia and association/intrinsic fibers in layer Ib. A simple model of piriform cortex as an associative memory was used to analyze how suppression of inhibitory synaptic transmission influenced performance of the network. Levels of suppression of excitatory synaptic transmission were se ...
... fibers in layer Ia and association/intrinsic fibers in layer Ib. A simple model of piriform cortex as an associative memory was used to analyze how suppression of inhibitory synaptic transmission influenced performance of the network. Levels of suppression of excitatory synaptic transmission were se ...
Neurons and Nervous Tissue
... cannot open. Na+ channels have two gates: • an activation gate is closed at rest but opens quickly at threshold; • an inactivation gate is open at rest and closes at threshold but responds more slowly, the gate reopens 1–2 milliseconds later than the activation gate closes. ...
... cannot open. Na+ channels have two gates: • an activation gate is closed at rest but opens quickly at threshold; • an inactivation gate is open at rest and closes at threshold but responds more slowly, the gate reopens 1–2 milliseconds later than the activation gate closes. ...
A framework for the first-person internal sensation of visual
... potential, neuronal firing is non-specific with regards to its inputs. For example, in a pyramidal neuron with thousands of inputs, the arrival of nearly any set of 40 excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs) at the axonal hillock can lead to its firing (Palmer et al. 2014). (2) Secondly, dependin ...
... potential, neuronal firing is non-specific with regards to its inputs. For example, in a pyramidal neuron with thousands of inputs, the arrival of nearly any set of 40 excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs) at the axonal hillock can lead to its firing (Palmer et al. 2014). (2) Secondly, dependin ...
Nothing can be coincidence: synaptic inhibition and plasticity in the
... differ, in both cases the rebound spikes ride on a ‘rebound depolarization’ [8] that directly or indirectly elicits an increase in intracellular Ca2+. This Ca2+ rise has been implicated in plasticity of both intrinsic excitability and IPSCs [30,31]. A likely candidate for a voltage-gated Ca2+ source ...
... differ, in both cases the rebound spikes ride on a ‘rebound depolarization’ [8] that directly or indirectly elicits an increase in intracellular Ca2+. This Ca2+ rise has been implicated in plasticity of both intrinsic excitability and IPSCs [30,31]. A likely candidate for a voltage-gated Ca2+ source ...
Corticostriatal neurons in auditory cortex drive decisions during
... structures of the basal ganglia, the striatum influences the activity in the motor thalamus8 as well as superior colliculus9, a structure that has been implicated in driving behavioural choices in two-alternative choice tasks10. Plasticity of corticostriatal connections may enable them to encode the ...
... structures of the basal ganglia, the striatum influences the activity in the motor thalamus8 as well as superior colliculus9, a structure that has been implicated in driving behavioural choices in two-alternative choice tasks10. Plasticity of corticostriatal connections may enable them to encode the ...
The Superior Olivary Nucleus and Its Influence on Nucleus
... E xperiments were performed using both in vivo (10- to 12-d-old postnatal chicken) and in vitro preparations (E18- to E20-d-old). In vivo studies were aimed at f urther characterizing the projection pattern of the SON into NA, NM, and N L. In vitro studies investigated the physiology and morphology ...
... E xperiments were performed using both in vivo (10- to 12-d-old postnatal chicken) and in vitro preparations (E18- to E20-d-old). In vivo studies were aimed at f urther characterizing the projection pattern of the SON into NA, NM, and N L. In vitro studies investigated the physiology and morphology ...
Olfactory System Anatomy
... The olfactory bulb lies inferior to the basal frontal lobe. The olfactory bulb is a highly organized structure composed of several distinct layers and synaptic specializations. The layers (from outside toward the center of the bulb) are differentiated as follows: Glomerular layer External plexiform ...
... The olfactory bulb lies inferior to the basal frontal lobe. The olfactory bulb is a highly organized structure composed of several distinct layers and synaptic specializations. The layers (from outside toward the center of the bulb) are differentiated as follows: Glomerular layer External plexiform ...
cortical input to the basal forebrain
... GABA, or with immunolabeling for choline acetyltransferase or parvalbumin. Tracer injections into medial and ventral prefrontal areas gave rise to dense terminal arborizations in extended basal forebrain areas, particularly in the horizontal limb of the diagonal band and the region ventral to it. Te ...
... GABA, or with immunolabeling for choline acetyltransferase or parvalbumin. Tracer injections into medial and ventral prefrontal areas gave rise to dense terminal arborizations in extended basal forebrain areas, particularly in the horizontal limb of the diagonal band and the region ventral to it. Te ...
A Double-labeling Investigation of the Afferent Connectivity to
... allowed a more precise comparison between the afferents to two cortical areas. In particular, it has been shown in the cat that areas 17, 18, and 19 receive a vast amount of common input from subcortical and cortical structures and that there is no subdivision according to cortical target in these s ...
... allowed a more precise comparison between the afferents to two cortical areas. In particular, it has been shown in the cat that areas 17, 18, and 19 receive a vast amount of common input from subcortical and cortical structures and that there is no subdivision according to cortical target in these s ...
Optophysiological analysis of associational circuits in the olfactory
... areas associated with the amygdala (Luskin and Price, 1983b; Haberly, 1998). Sensory information from the OB reaches the primary olfactory cortical areas through the lateral olfactory tract (LOT), made up of mitral/tufted cell axons. In addition to direct sensory input, olfactory cortical neurons al ...
... areas associated with the amygdala (Luskin and Price, 1983b; Haberly, 1998). Sensory information from the OB reaches the primary olfactory cortical areas through the lateral olfactory tract (LOT), made up of mitral/tufted cell axons. In addition to direct sensory input, olfactory cortical neurons al ...
ARTICULOS PUBLICADOS EN REVISTAS ELECTRÓNICAS: TRABAJO 1:
... 5-HT can also activate excitatory receptors (5HT2A and 5-HT3) in GABA interneurons (Morales and Bloom, 1997; Jakab and Goldman-Rakic, 2000) to increase a synaptic GABA input onto pyramidal neurons (Tanaka and North, 1993; Zhou and Hablitz, 1999; Férézou et al., 2002) However, despite the wealth of i ...
... 5-HT can also activate excitatory receptors (5HT2A and 5-HT3) in GABA interneurons (Morales and Bloom, 1997; Jakab and Goldman-Rakic, 2000) to increase a synaptic GABA input onto pyramidal neurons (Tanaka and North, 1993; Zhou and Hablitz, 1999; Férézou et al., 2002) However, despite the wealth of i ...
Lemniscal recurrent and transcortical influences on
... generated in primary afferent terminals by presynaptic depolarization.5., 30. and 50. Thus, electrical volleys applied to the ML should induce a double discharge in the DCN, the first being produced through recurrent collaterals of activated lemniscal axons and the second by the activation of the th ...
... generated in primary afferent terminals by presynaptic depolarization.5., 30. and 50. Thus, electrical volleys applied to the ML should induce a double discharge in the DCN, the first being produced through recurrent collaterals of activated lemniscal axons and the second by the activation of the th ...
reciprocal inhibition in the motor nervous system of the nematode
... neurons. The DE21 neuron synapses onto the next three posterior VI neurons. A weak response of the VI:,, neuron was revealed by signal averaging techniques in two of five experiments. No interaction with the VI& was observed. The diagram on the left shows the array of commissures in the first three ...
... neurons. The DE21 neuron synapses onto the next three posterior VI neurons. A weak response of the VI:,, neuron was revealed by signal averaging techniques in two of five experiments. No interaction with the VI& was observed. The diagram on the left shows the array of commissures in the first three ...