Multiple signalling modalities mediated by dendritic exocytosis of
... relatively thick and varicose. Dendrites in MCNs are structurally dynamic, undergoing activity-dependent remodelling, including shrinkage/elongation, altered branching patterns and increased bundling [10,11]. Another salient feature is that in more than 60% of MCNs, axons arise from a dendrite rathe ...
... relatively thick and varicose. Dendrites in MCNs are structurally dynamic, undergoing activity-dependent remodelling, including shrinkage/elongation, altered branching patterns and increased bundling [10,11]. Another salient feature is that in more than 60% of MCNs, axons arise from a dendrite rathe ...
Review. Multiple signaling modalities mediated by dendritic
... relatively thick and varicose. Dendrites in MCNs are structurally dynamic, undergoing activity-dependent remodelling, including shrinkage/elongation, altered branching patterns and increased bundling [10,11]. Another salient feature is that in more than 60% of MCNs, axons arise from a dendrite rathe ...
... relatively thick and varicose. Dendrites in MCNs are structurally dynamic, undergoing activity-dependent remodelling, including shrinkage/elongation, altered branching patterns and increased bundling [10,11]. Another salient feature is that in more than 60% of MCNs, axons arise from a dendrite rathe ...
Multiplication and stimulus invariance in a looming
... (Fig. 4B, inset). It can be shown from Eq. (1) that such a linear relation is equivalent to the angular size subtended by the object being a fixed constant d ms prior to the peak, independent of the stimulation parameter l=jvj ([19, Appendix 1]). This angular threshold size can be computed from the s ...
... (Fig. 4B, inset). It can be shown from Eq. (1) that such a linear relation is equivalent to the angular size subtended by the object being a fixed constant d ms prior to the peak, independent of the stimulation parameter l=jvj ([19, Appendix 1]). This angular threshold size can be computed from the s ...
Mapping synaptic pathology within cerebral cortical circuits in
... without multi-unit activity in which there is net depolarization within superficial layer 3, net inhibition in deep layer 3, or their combination (Javitt et al., 1994). This spread of activation through the supragranular AI is dependent on the intrinsic axon collaterals and their post-synaptic pyram ...
... without multi-unit activity in which there is net depolarization within superficial layer 3, net inhibition in deep layer 3, or their combination (Javitt et al., 1994). This spread of activation through the supragranular AI is dependent on the intrinsic axon collaterals and their post-synaptic pyram ...
Text S1.
... axonal polarization along L1 at 3 DIV but, initially, any of the 4 growing neurites could have differentiated into an axon. The discrepancy between random choice at 1-2 DIV and axonal preference along L1 at 3 DIV corresponds to failures of polarization along curved lines. It is thus possible to calc ...
... axonal polarization along L1 at 3 DIV but, initially, any of the 4 growing neurites could have differentiated into an axon. The discrepancy between random choice at 1-2 DIV and axonal preference along L1 at 3 DIV corresponds to failures of polarization along curved lines. It is thus possible to calc ...
FISIOLOGI HIDUNG DAN SINUS PARANASAL
... to form complex globular synapses called olfactory glomeruli Olfactory bulbs also contain periglomerular cells which are inhibitory neurons connecting one glomerolus to another ...
... to form complex globular synapses called olfactory glomeruli Olfactory bulbs also contain periglomerular cells which are inhibitory neurons connecting one glomerolus to another ...
Dopamine: a potential substrate for synaptic plasticity and memory
... 2. Dopamine and synaptic plasticity Since the discovery of LTP in the hippocampus (Bliss and Lomo, 1973), synapses that undergo plastic changes have been described in various parts of the brain and particularly in brain regions that receive DA innervations. It is now well established that the streng ...
... 2. Dopamine and synaptic plasticity Since the discovery of LTP in the hippocampus (Bliss and Lomo, 1973), synapses that undergo plastic changes have been described in various parts of the brain and particularly in brain regions that receive DA innervations. It is now well established that the streng ...
Intelligent agents capable of developing memory of their environment
... having a minimum number of genes defining the properties of the network, instead of having a one to one relationship between genotype and phenotype. Specific groups of genes can influence several otherwise unrelated phenotypic traits, so that the dimension of the genotype can be quite independent of ...
... having a minimum number of genes defining the properties of the network, instead of having a one to one relationship between genotype and phenotype. Specific groups of genes can influence several otherwise unrelated phenotypic traits, so that the dimension of the genotype can be quite independent of ...
FISIOLOGI HIDUNG DAN SINUS PARANASAL
... and tufted cells to form complex globular synapses called olfactory glomeruli Olfactory bulbs also contain periglomerular cells which are inhibitory neurons connecting one glomerolus to another Granule cells have no axons and make reciprocal synapses with lateral dendrites of mitral and tufted cells ...
... and tufted cells to form complex globular synapses called olfactory glomeruli Olfactory bulbs also contain periglomerular cells which are inhibitory neurons connecting one glomerolus to another Granule cells have no axons and make reciprocal synapses with lateral dendrites of mitral and tufted cells ...
A dedicated circuit links direction-selective retinal
... examples of direction-tuned signals in dLGN axons located within superficial V1. The first example (Fig. 5h), responds only to gratings drifting at 45 degrees (polar plot Fig. 5k). The second example (Fig. 5i) is also direction-selective but is more broadly tuned (polar plot Fig. 5l). Interestingly, ...
... examples of direction-tuned signals in dLGN axons located within superficial V1. The first example (Fig. 5h), responds only to gratings drifting at 45 degrees (polar plot Fig. 5k). The second example (Fig. 5i) is also direction-selective but is more broadly tuned (polar plot Fig. 5l). Interestingly, ...
Spike Timing-Dependent Plasticity: From Synapse to Perception
... spatial inhomogeneity in the electrical properties and nonlinearity in dendritic integration are thought to endow individual pyramidal neurons with enhanced processing capacity (44, 94), the computational power can only be harvested if the inputs carrying different signals are segregated into distin ...
... spatial inhomogeneity in the electrical properties and nonlinearity in dendritic integration are thought to endow individual pyramidal neurons with enhanced processing capacity (44, 94), the computational power can only be harvested if the inputs carrying different signals are segregated into distin ...
May 21, 04.doc
... Inhibition through the GABAA receptor, a chloride channel itself, is relatively fast. These receptors, when activated, increase the chloride conductance of the membrane, affecting transmitter release in the presynaptic neuron, and producing hyperpolarization or shunting inhibition of the postsynapti ...
... Inhibition through the GABAA receptor, a chloride channel itself, is relatively fast. These receptors, when activated, increase the chloride conductance of the membrane, affecting transmitter release in the presynaptic neuron, and producing hyperpolarization or shunting inhibition of the postsynapti ...
Local functions for FMRP in axon growth cone motility and activity
... morphologic form during a critical period. FMRP may be regulated by neuronal activity, specifically glutamatergic signals known to affect dendritic spines and synaptic plasticity. Activation of metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluR) can stimulate the local synthesis of FMRP (Weiler et al., 1997) a ...
... morphologic form during a critical period. FMRP may be regulated by neuronal activity, specifically glutamatergic signals known to affect dendritic spines and synaptic plasticity. Activation of metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluR) can stimulate the local synthesis of FMRP (Weiler et al., 1997) a ...
Perception Spike Timing-Dependent Plasticity: From Synapse to
... depolarization, high-frequency presynaptic stimulation induces LTP and low-frequency stimulation induces LTD, but in STDP low-frequency stimulation can be used to induce both LTP and LTD. While in both types of protocols activation of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) subtype of glutamate receptors (NMDAR ...
... depolarization, high-frequency presynaptic stimulation induces LTP and low-frequency stimulation induces LTD, but in STDP low-frequency stimulation can be used to induce both LTP and LTD. While in both types of protocols activation of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) subtype of glutamate receptors (NMDAR ...
Depolarization stimulates lamellipodia formation and
... stained cells were quickly pelleted for 10 s in an eppendorf centrifuge and washed three times by resuspension in 1 ml GCM containing 0.2% bovine serum albumin ŽBSA. and centrifugation. After the last centrifugation step, the cells were resuspended in 1 ml GCM and counted. The stained cells were dil ...
... stained cells were quickly pelleted for 10 s in an eppendorf centrifuge and washed three times by resuspension in 1 ml GCM containing 0.2% bovine serum albumin ŽBSA. and centrifugation. After the last centrifugation step, the cells were resuspended in 1 ml GCM and counted. The stained cells were dil ...
A Neural Mass Model to Simulate Different Rhythms in a Cortical
... dynamics, and hence have been neglected. The output of the model is represented by the membrane potential of pyramidal cells. Compared with the model described in our previous work [8], the new model exhibits two changes (see Figure 1): (i) fast inhibitory interneurons may receive ...
... dynamics, and hence have been neglected. The output of the model is represented by the membrane potential of pyramidal cells. Compared with the model described in our previous work [8], the new model exhibits two changes (see Figure 1): (i) fast inhibitory interneurons may receive ...
Cell Type-Specific, Presynaptic LTP of Inhibitory Synapses on Fast
... GABAergic inhibitory interneurons. To our knowledge, there was no systematic study on long-term plasticity of this type of inhibitory synapses in the visual cortex. GABAergic interneurons are classified functionally into at least two subtypes, fast-spiking (FS) and non-FS neurons, which may correspo ...
... GABAergic inhibitory interneurons. To our knowledge, there was no systematic study on long-term plasticity of this type of inhibitory synapses in the visual cortex. GABAergic interneurons are classified functionally into at least two subtypes, fast-spiking (FS) and non-FS neurons, which may correspo ...
Neuroscience and Behavior
... What makes a Neuron “fire”? An action potential is an all-or-nothing event; the neuron fires completely or doesn’t fire at all and each time it fires, the impulse is of the same strength. This is known as the all-or-none principle. To help illustrate this point, think of a row of dominoes that are ...
... What makes a Neuron “fire”? An action potential is an all-or-nothing event; the neuron fires completely or doesn’t fire at all and each time it fires, the impulse is of the same strength. This is known as the all-or-none principle. To help illustrate this point, think of a row of dominoes that are ...
Physiological Subgroups of Nonpyramidal Cells with Specific
... These observations suggest that GABAergic nonpyramidal cells in neocortex can be divided into several functional groups on the basis of firing modes, axonal distributions, and chemical properties. The present study attempts to extend those previous results to the upper layers, where nonpyramidal cel ...
... These observations suggest that GABAergic nonpyramidal cells in neocortex can be divided into several functional groups on the basis of firing modes, axonal distributions, and chemical properties. The present study attempts to extend those previous results to the upper layers, where nonpyramidal cel ...
Radiologic-Pathologic Correlation Polymicrogyria
... also results from ischemic insults to the developing brain as seen in cases of schizencephaly. Polymicrogyria has been reported to occur at the periphery of porencephalies, presumably because of prenatal infarcts (3). Also, the location of a polymicrogyric cortex often corresponds to well-defined ar ...
... also results from ischemic insults to the developing brain as seen in cases of schizencephaly. Polymicrogyria has been reported to occur at the periphery of porencephalies, presumably because of prenatal infarcts (3). Also, the location of a polymicrogyric cortex often corresponds to well-defined ar ...
Optical Imaging of Neural Structure and Physiology: Confocal
... at the network, cellular, and subcellular levels. Given that neural organization is in a dynamic state, it is important not only to generate a functional map of the brain, but also to elucidate the principles and mechanisms governing the development and plasticity of neural organization. It is antic ...
... at the network, cellular, and subcellular levels. Given that neural organization is in a dynamic state, it is important not only to generate a functional map of the brain, but also to elucidate the principles and mechanisms governing the development and plasticity of neural organization. It is antic ...
Alan Peters
... mathematically oriented, and for them the emphasis was on mathematics, physics, chemistry, German, and Latin. The third group, the one to which I was assigned, was the "B form." We were considered not bright enough to understand advanced mathematics and physics, so our emphasis was on biology, chemi ...
... mathematically oriented, and for them the emphasis was on mathematics, physics, chemistry, German, and Latin. The third group, the one to which I was assigned, was the "B form." We were considered not bright enough to understand advanced mathematics and physics, so our emphasis was on biology, chemi ...
A visual processing task: Retina and V1
... The Hubel and Wiesel experiments saw a clear response of the simple cells to a bar. But is this all that the cell does? How well does a bigger bar work, how about a ’T’-shape instead of a bar? This raises the general question: how to measure the receptive field of a cell without biasing the result, ...
... The Hubel and Wiesel experiments saw a clear response of the simple cells to a bar. But is this all that the cell does? How well does a bigger bar work, how about a ’T’-shape instead of a bar? This raises the general question: how to measure the receptive field of a cell without biasing the result, ...
A Brain Adaptation View of Plasticity: Is Synaptic Plasticity An Overly
... The complex environment housing paradigm, pioneered by Hebb (1949) and his students (e.g., Hymovitch, 1952; [Forgays, 1952 #207] was first used as a tool for exploring brain plasticity by Bennett, Diamond, Krech, Rosenzweig, and colleagues (Bennett, et al., 1964), who reported some of the earliest e ...
... The complex environment housing paradigm, pioneered by Hebb (1949) and his students (e.g., Hymovitch, 1952; [Forgays, 1952 #207] was first used as a tool for exploring brain plasticity by Bennett, Diamond, Krech, Rosenzweig, and colleagues (Bennett, et al., 1964), who reported some of the earliest e ...
Developmental Changes Revealed by Immunohistochemical
... of these have been eliminated by cell death. The subplate becomes the mature white matter, which has few neurons, and the marginal zone becomes the molecular layer, which contains very few neurons and is known as cortical layer 1. Distribution of GAP-43 Immunoreactivity GAP-43 immunoreactivity is pr ...
... of these have been eliminated by cell death. The subplate becomes the mature white matter, which has few neurons, and the marginal zone becomes the molecular layer, which contains very few neurons and is known as cortical layer 1. Distribution of GAP-43 Immunoreactivity GAP-43 immunoreactivity is pr ...