Two Phylogenetic Specializations in the Human Brain
... error-correcting information to other parts of the brain. The spindle cells are located in layer 5, which typically relays the output of cortical processing to other cortical areas and subcortical structures. The axons of the spindle cells are known to project into the underlying white matter (Nimch ...
... error-correcting information to other parts of the brain. The spindle cells are located in layer 5, which typically relays the output of cortical processing to other cortical areas and subcortical structures. The axons of the spindle cells are known to project into the underlying white matter (Nimch ...
Intermediate
... More recent results have amplified this. For instance, Favorov and Diamond (1990) found discrete jumps in receptive field location between neighboring columns in cat primary somatosensory cortex, with no significant receptive field shifts within a column. However, the most striking example of column ...
... More recent results have amplified this. For instance, Favorov and Diamond (1990) found discrete jumps in receptive field location between neighboring columns in cat primary somatosensory cortex, with no significant receptive field shifts within a column. However, the most striking example of column ...
Fast and slow neurons in the nucleus of the
... peak ERs, forward cells are slow cells in the LM. Upward, downward, and backward cells are slow cells in the nBOR. Fast cells code all directions in both nuclei. The fact that the LM contains more neurons responsive to fast stimuli than does the nBOR, and the fact that the fast LM ERs prefer faster ...
... peak ERs, forward cells are slow cells in the LM. Upward, downward, and backward cells are slow cells in the nBOR. Fast cells code all directions in both nuclei. The fact that the LM contains more neurons responsive to fast stimuli than does the nBOR, and the fact that the fast LM ERs prefer faster ...
166 - UCSF Physiology - University of California, San Francisco
... functions of 1-class integrins in excitatory neurons, we used another cre line whose expression is driven by the emx1 gene promoter by virtue of an internal ribosome entry site element engineered into the emx1 locus (Gorski et al., 2002). In contrast to the nestin promoter-regulated cre, the expres ...
... functions of 1-class integrins in excitatory neurons, we used another cre line whose expression is driven by the emx1 gene promoter by virtue of an internal ribosome entry site element engineered into the emx1 locus (Gorski et al., 2002). In contrast to the nestin promoter-regulated cre, the expres ...
Projections From the Ventral Cochlear Nucleus to the Dorsal
... primary dendrites of varying lengths and branching frequency. Each dendritic branch ends in a distinctive claw-like structure, but the claw can vary in form from a relatively simple three-pronged spur to a complex arborization. These cells are distributed in the granule cell domain throughout the ro ...
... primary dendrites of varying lengths and branching frequency. Each dendritic branch ends in a distinctive claw-like structure, but the claw can vary in form from a relatively simple three-pronged spur to a complex arborization. These cells are distributed in the granule cell domain throughout the ro ...
Spike-timing dependent plasticity and the cognitive map
... all synaptic connections in the network are initialized with a weight of wij = 0.3 unless specified otherwise. In further simulations, theta-coded neural dynamics are dictated by a phenomenological phase precession model (O’Keefe and Recce, 1993; O’Keefe, 2007; Huxter et al., 2008). A variable θ, wh ...
... all synaptic connections in the network are initialized with a weight of wij = 0.3 unless specified otherwise. In further simulations, theta-coded neural dynamics are dictated by a phenomenological phase precession model (O’Keefe and Recce, 1993; O’Keefe, 2007; Huxter et al., 2008). A variable θ, wh ...
Neuromodulation and cortical function: BEHAVIOURAL BRAIN
... brainstem and basal forebrain providing extensive innervation of cortical regions (see [49] for review). The axons from these subcortical nuclei run considerable distances through cortical structures, with regular axonal varicosities characterized by synaptic vesicles [ 851. While some of these axon ...
... brainstem and basal forebrain providing extensive innervation of cortical regions (see [49] for review). The axons from these subcortical nuclei run considerable distances through cortical structures, with regular axonal varicosities characterized by synaptic vesicles [ 851. While some of these axon ...
Emx1/2 and neocorticogenesis - Development
... subplate appears to have increased in thickness while the marginal zone has become relatively thinner. These early growing subplate axons have been suggested to control, in turn, neocortical development, area specification and lamination (Rakic et al., 1991; Nothias et al., 1998; Mackarehtschian et ...
... subplate appears to have increased in thickness while the marginal zone has become relatively thinner. These early growing subplate axons have been suggested to control, in turn, neocortical development, area specification and lamination (Rakic et al., 1991; Nothias et al., 1998; Mackarehtschian et ...
An EM Study of the Dorsal Nucleus of the Lateral Lemniscus
... may represent different cell types. Examples of both cell types were observed to project to the contralateral side and received labeled synaptic endings. The major finding of this study is that the crossed connections between DNLL exhibit the morphology associated with inhibitory function. Since neu ...
... may represent different cell types. Examples of both cell types were observed to project to the contralateral side and received labeled synaptic endings. The major finding of this study is that the crossed connections between DNLL exhibit the morphology associated with inhibitory function. Since neu ...
Peripheric nervous system. Vegetative nervous system
... by a glial cells and basement membranes and covered by external connective tissue layer. The intramural (parasympathetic) ganglia. They form plexus in the inner organs. The intramural ganglia consist of three types of neurons (Dogel’s cells): 1) the first type – efferent cells are large in size, co ...
... by a glial cells and basement membranes and covered by external connective tissue layer. The intramural (parasympathetic) ganglia. They form plexus in the inner organs. The intramural ganglia consist of three types of neurons (Dogel’s cells): 1) the first type – efferent cells are large in size, co ...
Preferential Origin and Layer Destination of GAD65
... expressing GAD65-GFP, 37 embryos from embryonic day (E) 14 (n = 9), E15 (n = 9), E16 (n = 10) and E18 (n = 9), and 7 animals at P6 (n = 3) and P21 (n = 4) were used for immunohistochemical analysis. Fetuses at each developmental stage were collected by caesarean section after cervical dislocation of ...
... expressing GAD65-GFP, 37 embryos from embryonic day (E) 14 (n = 9), E15 (n = 9), E16 (n = 10) and E18 (n = 9), and 7 animals at P6 (n = 3) and P21 (n = 4) were used for immunohistochemical analysis. Fetuses at each developmental stage were collected by caesarean section after cervical dislocation of ...
The structure and connexions of neurons
... goes to very distant motor neurons having made a detour in passing an intermediary or associated nerve corpuscle on the way, that is to say, via the direct or commissural funicular neurons, the axons of which, from our observations, divide very often in the white matter giving an ascending and desce ...
... goes to very distant motor neurons having made a detour in passing an intermediary or associated nerve corpuscle on the way, that is to say, via the direct or commissural funicular neurons, the axons of which, from our observations, divide very often in the white matter giving an ascending and desce ...
Axonal conduction properties of antidromically identified neurons in
... of neurons outside of layer IV, particularly those in layers V and VI. One such approach for distinguishing among different local circuits in these layers may be to identify the projection target of neurons whose axon collaterals contribute to the local network. In vivo, this can be accomplished usi ...
... of neurons outside of layer IV, particularly those in layers V and VI. One such approach for distinguishing among different local circuits in these layers may be to identify the projection target of neurons whose axon collaterals contribute to the local network. In vivo, this can be accomplished usi ...
Assessing similarity to primary tissue and cortical layer identity in
... (bottom) following neural induction in AH017-7. Error bars show the standard deviation from technical triplicates. Immunofluorescence microscopy for: (B) TUJ1 (green) and Synaptophysin (red), scale bar = 10 μm; (C) TUJ1 (green) and TBR1 (red), scale bar = 50 μm; (D) TUJ1 (green) and CUX1 (red), scale ...
... (bottom) following neural induction in AH017-7. Error bars show the standard deviation from technical triplicates. Immunofluorescence microscopy for: (B) TUJ1 (green) and Synaptophysin (red), scale bar = 10 μm; (C) TUJ1 (green) and TBR1 (red), scale bar = 50 μm; (D) TUJ1 (green) and CUX1 (red), scale ...
The Relationship Between Synchronization Among Neuronal
... found in the appendix (model 2). In addition, synaptic channels provided fast excitation and inhibition. These synaptic inuences were modeled using exponential functions, with the time constants and reversal potentials for AMPA (excitation) and GABAa (inhibition) receptor channels specied as in th ...
... found in the appendix (model 2). In addition, synaptic channels provided fast excitation and inhibition. These synaptic inuences were modeled using exponential functions, with the time constants and reversal potentials for AMPA (excitation) and GABAa (inhibition) receptor channels specied as in th ...
May 11, 04copy.doc
... Inhibition through the GABAA receptor, a chloride channel itself, is relatively fast. These receptors, when activated, increase the chloride conductance of the membrane, affecting transmitter release in the presynaptic neuron, and producing hyperpolarization or shunting inhibition of the postsynapti ...
... Inhibition through the GABAA receptor, a chloride channel itself, is relatively fast. These receptors, when activated, increase the chloride conductance of the membrane, affecting transmitter release in the presynaptic neuron, and producing hyperpolarization or shunting inhibition of the postsynapti ...
Chapter 12 *Lecture PowerPoint Nervous Tissue
... – Describe three functional properties found in all neurons. – Define the three most basic functional categories of neurons. – Identify the parts of a neuron. – Explain how neurons transport materials between the cell body and tips of the axon. ...
... – Describe three functional properties found in all neurons. – Define the three most basic functional categories of neurons. – Identify the parts of a neuron. – Explain how neurons transport materials between the cell body and tips of the axon. ...
How the prefrontal executive got its stripes
... Systematic structural variation of the cortex and relationship to connections Systematic structural variation refers to the gradual changes seen in laminar structure in all cortical systems, whether they are sensory, motor/premotor or prefrontal. Each cortical system, regardless of its placement on ...
... Systematic structural variation of the cortex and relationship to connections Systematic structural variation refers to the gradual changes seen in laminar structure in all cortical systems, whether they are sensory, motor/premotor or prefrontal. Each cortical system, regardless of its placement on ...
Hindawi Publishing Corporation Neural Plasticity Volume 2008, Article ID 658323, pages
... cortex can maintain spiking at different graded frequencies for many minutes [8] as shown in Figure 2(a). The persistent spiking appears to due to muscarinic or metabotropic glutamate activation of a calcium-sensitive nonspecific cation current [7, 9, 10]. This graded persistent firing could allow th ...
... cortex can maintain spiking at different graded frequencies for many minutes [8] as shown in Figure 2(a). The persistent spiking appears to due to muscarinic or metabotropic glutamate activation of a calcium-sensitive nonspecific cation current [7, 9, 10]. This graded persistent firing could allow th ...
Memory formation: from network structure to neural dynamics
... directly observe how known structural changes induce differences in functional relationships between neurons. While the knowledge gained from this modelling does not give direct evidence linking the experimentally observed changes in functional behaviour with underlying structural changes, it can pr ...
... directly observe how known structural changes induce differences in functional relationships between neurons. While the knowledge gained from this modelling does not give direct evidence linking the experimentally observed changes in functional behaviour with underlying structural changes, it can pr ...
Extended Liquid Computing in Networks of Spiking Neurons
... The H&H model being of an extreme accuracy from a biological point of view, but extremely demanding from a numerical point of view, numerous simplified models have been thereafter introduced in order to allow computations to be performed on large populations of interacting neurons. The Izhikevich mo ...
... The H&H model being of an extreme accuracy from a biological point of view, but extremely demanding from a numerical point of view, numerous simplified models have been thereafter introduced in order to allow computations to be performed on large populations of interacting neurons. The Izhikevich mo ...
Molecular heterogeneity of central synapses: afferent and target
... There are many instances of cell-type-specific expression of postsynaptic components, resulting in differential signaling from a single axon to individual targets expressing a different complement of receptors or synaptic signaling molecules. Selective gene expression in pyramidal neurons versus int ...
... There are many instances of cell-type-specific expression of postsynaptic components, resulting in differential signaling from a single axon to individual targets expressing a different complement of receptors or synaptic signaling molecules. Selective gene expression in pyramidal neurons versus int ...
Harris KD. Neural signatures of cell assembly organization. Nat Rev
... The cell assembly hypothesis and associated Hebbian plasticity rule have inspired several computational network models. One of the most prominent of these is the auto-associative or ‘Hopfield’ network92–95. In learning mode, these networks store externally presented patterns through the modification ...
... The cell assembly hypothesis and associated Hebbian plasticity rule have inspired several computational network models. One of the most prominent of these is the auto-associative or ‘Hopfield’ network92–95. In learning mode, these networks store externally presented patterns through the modification ...