166 - UCSF Physiology - University of California, San Francisco
... Defective cortical but normal hippocampal lamination in 1 integrin/emx1–cre mouse To obtain 1 integrin mutants, we made use of a null allele of 1 integrin gene (Stephens et al., 1995) and generated heterozygous animals with one null allele and one Figure 1. emx1–cre induces recombination in excit ...
... Defective cortical but normal hippocampal lamination in 1 integrin/emx1–cre mouse To obtain 1 integrin mutants, we made use of a null allele of 1 integrin gene (Stephens et al., 1995) and generated heterozygous animals with one null allele and one Figure 1. emx1–cre induces recombination in excit ...
Neuronal circuitries involved in thermoregulation
... red nucleus. The application of glutamate to this area facilitated cold-induced shivering and procaine suppressed it. These findings provide evidence that reticulospinal neurons send efferent signals that control shivering. However, it is still unknown whether the reticulospinal neurons receive syna ...
... red nucleus. The application of glutamate to this area facilitated cold-induced shivering and procaine suppressed it. These findings provide evidence that reticulospinal neurons send efferent signals that control shivering. However, it is still unknown whether the reticulospinal neurons receive syna ...
Anatomical Evidence of Multimodal Integration in Primate
... et al., 1993; Cusick, 1997). MT is located in the posterior bank of STS and characterized by strong immunolabeling of layers 2/3 neurons with C at301 (DeYoe et al., 1990) and parvalbumin reactivity in layer 3 and 4. We characterized the limit between areas located in the medial bank of STS (MST, FST ...
... et al., 1993; Cusick, 1997). MT is located in the posterior bank of STS and characterized by strong immunolabeling of layers 2/3 neurons with C at301 (DeYoe et al., 1990) and parvalbumin reactivity in layer 3 and 4. We characterized the limit between areas located in the medial bank of STS (MST, FST ...
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS)
... or by other (presently unknown) environmental factors and are then damaged by the neurotransmitter glutamate. ...
... or by other (presently unknown) environmental factors and are then damaged by the neurotransmitter glutamate. ...
APPSWE Microinjected Mouse Model
... APPSWE Microinjected Mice offer insight into intracellular regulatory pathways of plaque genesis. Many investigators are using APPSWE Microinjected Mice to investigate the complex array of intracellular chemicals that may influence plaque formation and maintenance. Activation and increased expressio ...
... APPSWE Microinjected Mice offer insight into intracellular regulatory pathways of plaque genesis. Many investigators are using APPSWE Microinjected Mice to investigate the complex array of intracellular chemicals that may influence plaque formation and maintenance. Activation and increased expressio ...
The human brain in numbers: a linearly scaled-up
... if one considers that although gorillas and orangutans overlap or exceed humans in body size, their brains amount to only about one-third of the size of the human brain. There are, however, several problems with the notion that the explanation for the superior cognitive abilities of the human specie ...
... if one considers that although gorillas and orangutans overlap or exceed humans in body size, their brains amount to only about one-third of the size of the human brain. There are, however, several problems with the notion that the explanation for the superior cognitive abilities of the human specie ...
Target-cell-specific concentration of a metabotropic glutamate
... terminals is regulated by presynaptic receptors responding to transmitters released fro m the same nerve terminal or from terminals of other neurons. The release of glutamate, the major excitatory neurotransmitter, is suppressed by presynaptic auto· receptors'-J. Here we show that a metabotropic glu ...
... terminals is regulated by presynaptic receptors responding to transmitters released fro m the same nerve terminal or from terminals of other neurons. The release of glutamate, the major excitatory neurotransmitter, is suppressed by presynaptic auto· receptors'-J. Here we show that a metabotropic glu ...
Involvement of the Caudal Medulla in Negative Feedback
... similar in all preparations, except for neurons recorded in group IV, which displayed a surprisingly low discharge rate. In sham-operated and in group I and II transected animals, increasing stimulus size from 4.8 to 18 cm2 resulted in a 35–40% reduction in the responses. In contrast, in groups III ...
... similar in all preparations, except for neurons recorded in group IV, which displayed a surprisingly low discharge rate. In sham-operated and in group I and II transected animals, increasing stimulus size from 4.8 to 18 cm2 resulted in a 35–40% reduction in the responses. In contrast, in groups III ...
The Different Neural Correlates of Action and Functional Knowledge
... a pair always differed in their manner of manipulation, and in the A blocks, they always differed in their context of use. The same set of photographs was used across the 2 tasks. Objects were paired so as that all the 48 stimuli were presented in each period. Therefore, none of the objects was pres ...
... a pair always differed in their manner of manipulation, and in the A blocks, they always differed in their context of use. The same set of photographs was used across the 2 tasks. Objects were paired so as that all the 48 stimuli were presented in each period. Therefore, none of the objects was pres ...
Natural reward-related learning in rats with neonatal ventral
... after the last COC/SAL injection. Beginning 7 days postinjections, animals underwent a single initial magazine training session for familiarization to the training apparatus and to facilitate awareness of intermittent water presentations in the recessed magazine. Under constant chamber house lightin ...
... after the last COC/SAL injection. Beginning 7 days postinjections, animals underwent a single initial magazine training session for familiarization to the training apparatus and to facilitate awareness of intermittent water presentations in the recessed magazine. Under constant chamber house lightin ...
High-Level Visual Processing: Cognitive Influences
... in a lateral view of the brain showing the major pathways involved in visual processing. (AIP, anterior intraparietal cortex; FEF, frontal eye fields; LIP, lateral intraparietal cortex; MIP, medial intraparietal cortex; MST, medial superior temporal cortex; MT, middle temporal cortex; PF, prefrontal ...
... in a lateral view of the brain showing the major pathways involved in visual processing. (AIP, anterior intraparietal cortex; FEF, frontal eye fields; LIP, lateral intraparietal cortex; MIP, medial intraparietal cortex; MST, medial superior temporal cortex; MT, middle temporal cortex; PF, prefrontal ...
TOPIC: progesterone exert neuroprotective and myelinating effects
... cholesterol to pregnenolone, is expressed in the nervous system. Pregnenolone is converted to PROG by 3betahydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3beta-HSD). In situ hybridization studies have shown that this enzyme is expressed throughout the rat brain, spinal cord and dorsal root ganglia (DRG) mainly by ne ...
... cholesterol to pregnenolone, is expressed in the nervous system. Pregnenolone is converted to PROG by 3betahydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3beta-HSD). In situ hybridization studies have shown that this enzyme is expressed throughout the rat brain, spinal cord and dorsal root ganglia (DRG) mainly by ne ...
Visual Experience Is Necessary for Maintenance But Not
... 2002). Consistent with the diffuse terminal arbors, dark rearing throughout postnatal development can also result in enlarged cortical RFs, as defined electrophysiologically (Fagiolini et al. 1994). An alternative explanation for these results, however, is that the enlarged RFs in deprived animals r ...
... 2002). Consistent with the diffuse terminal arbors, dark rearing throughout postnatal development can also result in enlarged cortical RFs, as defined electrophysiologically (Fagiolini et al. 1994). An alternative explanation for these results, however, is that the enlarged RFs in deprived animals r ...
Aerobic Glycolysis in the Frontal Cortex Correlates with Memory
... generate lactate as a metabolic intermediate, which is subsequently used as a primary fuel source for neurons (for review, see Magistretti and Allaman, 2015). Aerobic glycolysis can be described as the reliance on glycolysis, even when oxygen is not rate-limiting, with the concomitant production of ...
... generate lactate as a metabolic intermediate, which is subsequently used as a primary fuel source for neurons (for review, see Magistretti and Allaman, 2015). Aerobic glycolysis can be described as the reliance on glycolysis, even when oxygen is not rate-limiting, with the concomitant production of ...
Reinforcement, and Punishment Striatal Mechanisms Underlying
... specific sites in their brains, indicating that intracranial self-stimulation was reinforcing (141). The stimulation site that supported the highest level of responding in this study was the septum, followed by regions of frontal cortex, thalamus, and midbrain. One animal in this study was stimulate ...
... specific sites in their brains, indicating that intracranial self-stimulation was reinforcing (141). The stimulation site that supported the highest level of responding in this study was the septum, followed by regions of frontal cortex, thalamus, and midbrain. One animal in this study was stimulate ...
The limbic system. A maze on the essentials: memory, learning and
... The limbic system is a set of nuclear structures located in medial regions both cerebral hemispheres and with numerous connections between them and other areas of the central nervous system and the rest of the body. In 1878, Paul Broca described, for the first time, a ring-shaped area that connected ...
... The limbic system is a set of nuclear structures located in medial regions both cerebral hemispheres and with numerous connections between them and other areas of the central nervous system and the rest of the body. In 1878, Paul Broca described, for the first time, a ring-shaped area that connected ...
The columnar organization of the neocortex
... neocortex. Columnar defining factors in homotypical areas are generated, in part, within the cortex itself. The set of all modules composing such an entity may be fractionated into different modular subsets by different extrinsic connections. Linkages between them and subsets in other large entities ...
... neocortex. Columnar defining factors in homotypical areas are generated, in part, within the cortex itself. The set of all modules composing such an entity may be fractionated into different modular subsets by different extrinsic connections. Linkages between them and subsets in other large entities ...
Dynamic functional reorganization of the motor execution network
... Materials and Methods Participants Ten right-handed patients (9 males and 1 female; mean age, 48.3 year; range, 41 - 55 years) with left motor pathway subcortical stroke were enrolled from the inpatient services at the Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University (Beijing, China). All participants ...
... Materials and Methods Participants Ten right-handed patients (9 males and 1 female; mean age, 48.3 year; range, 41 - 55 years) with left motor pathway subcortical stroke were enrolled from the inpatient services at the Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University (Beijing, China). All participants ...
& MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY IN NORTHERN CANADA CHAPTER 4
... of Fisheries and Oceans (DFO) the mandate to lead and facilitate in the development of a national oceans strategy. Canada’s Oceans Strategy (DFO 2002a) provides the overall strategic framework for Canada’s oceans-related programs and policies. The strategy is based on the principles of sustainable d ...
... of Fisheries and Oceans (DFO) the mandate to lead and facilitate in the development of a national oceans strategy. Canada’s Oceans Strategy (DFO 2002a) provides the overall strategic framework for Canada’s oceans-related programs and policies. The strategy is based on the principles of sustainable d ...
Direct Inhibition Evoked by Whisker Stimulation in Somatic Sensory
... whisker. A neuron whose response was suppressed by whisker stimulation could even generate an excitatory discharge to the same whisker when it was stimulated at a higher stimulus frequency. A number of previous studies of the rat vibrissal cortex have described inhibition that follows excitation (Br ...
... whisker. A neuron whose response was suppressed by whisker stimulation could even generate an excitatory discharge to the same whisker when it was stimulated at a higher stimulus frequency. A number of previous studies of the rat vibrissal cortex have described inhibition that follows excitation (Br ...
Memory Extinction, Learning Anew, and Learning the New
... Anew, and Learning the New: Dissociations in the Molecular Machinery of Learning in Cortex Diego E. Berman and Yadin Dudai* The rat insular cortex (IC) subserves the memory of conditioned taste aversion (CTA), in which a taste is associated with malaise. When the conditioned taste is unfamiliar, for ...
... Anew, and Learning the New: Dissociations in the Molecular Machinery of Learning in Cortex Diego E. Berman and Yadin Dudai* The rat insular cortex (IC) subserves the memory of conditioned taste aversion (CTA), in which a taste is associated with malaise. When the conditioned taste is unfamiliar, for ...
Effects of lithium and valproate on amphetamine
... open-field task. We measured thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and protein carbonyl formation, as parameters of oxidative stress, and superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT), the major antioxidant enzymes, in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus. Results: Lithium and valproate r ...
... open-field task. We measured thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and protein carbonyl formation, as parameters of oxidative stress, and superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT), the major antioxidant enzymes, in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus. Results: Lithium and valproate r ...
Multiple dynamic representations in the motor cortex
... In contrast, expert mice protracted their whiskers through a large angle to search for the pole soon after it became available (within approximately 350 ms) (auditory cue, Fig. 1d, e)27. The repeatability of whisking across trials (Pearson’s correlation coefficient; r 5 0.57, P , 0.001) (Supplementa ...
... In contrast, expert mice protracted their whiskers through a large angle to search for the pole soon after it became available (within approximately 350 ms) (auditory cue, Fig. 1d, e)27. The repeatability of whisking across trials (Pearson’s correlation coefficient; r 5 0.57, P , 0.001) (Supplementa ...