Multiple dynamic representations in the motor cortex
... In contrast, expert mice protracted their whiskers through a large angle to search for the pole soon after it became available (within approximately 350 ms) (auditory cue, Fig. 1d, e)27. The repeatability of whisking across trials (Pearson’s correlation coefficient; r 5 0.57, P , 0.001) (Supplementa ...
... In contrast, expert mice protracted their whiskers through a large angle to search for the pole soon after it became available (within approximately 350 ms) (auditory cue, Fig. 1d, e)27. The repeatability of whisking across trials (Pearson’s correlation coefficient; r 5 0.57, P , 0.001) (Supplementa ...
Transformation from temporal to rate coding in a somatosensory
... frequency as changes in latency. Because the onset latencies increased and the offset latencies remained constant, the latency increments were translated into a rate code: increasing onset latencies led to lower spike counts. A thalamocortical loop that includes cortical oscillations and thalamic ga ...
... frequency as changes in latency. Because the onset latencies increased and the offset latencies remained constant, the latency increments were translated into a rate code: increasing onset latencies led to lower spike counts. A thalamocortical loop that includes cortical oscillations and thalamic ga ...
the brain`s concepts: the role of the sensory
... among others. In Fodor’s theory (see Fodor, 1975), the purported amodal nature of concepts draws a sharp dividing line between the modular input/ output brain structures and a generalised cognitive system (unanalysed at the level of the brain), whose functioning rules are totally independent from th ...
... among others. In Fodor’s theory (see Fodor, 1975), the purported amodal nature of concepts draws a sharp dividing line between the modular input/ output brain structures and a generalised cognitive system (unanalysed at the level of the brain), whose functioning rules are totally independent from th ...
Author`s personal copy
... [18,29,37]. Lesion studies using 6-OHDA on main dopaminergic brain structures, such as substantia nigra, significantly reduced SIP, whereas electrical stimulation of lateral hypothalamus increased SIP acquisition [30]. Stimulants such as amphetamines generally produce, at low to moderate doses, eithe ...
... [18,29,37]. Lesion studies using 6-OHDA on main dopaminergic brain structures, such as substantia nigra, significantly reduced SIP, whereas electrical stimulation of lateral hypothalamus increased SIP acquisition [30]. Stimulants such as amphetamines generally produce, at low to moderate doses, eithe ...
the brain`s concepts: the role of the sensory
... among others. In Fodor’s theory (see Fodor, 1975), the purported amodal nature of concepts draws a sharp dividing line between the modular input/ output brain structures and a generalised cognitive system (unanalysed at the level of the brain), whose functioning rules are totally independent from th ...
... among others. In Fodor’s theory (see Fodor, 1975), the purported amodal nature of concepts draws a sharp dividing line between the modular input/ output brain structures and a generalised cognitive system (unanalysed at the level of the brain), whose functioning rules are totally independent from th ...
Cerebellar Unit Activity and the Movement Disruption Induced by
... automatic electrical stimulation were recorded in the same way. Unit activity was picked up with a FET source follower probe mounted on the microdrive, amplified 1000 times with an IC instrumentation amplifier, displayed on the CRO and recorded in the other channel of the tape recorder. Off-line pro ...
... automatic electrical stimulation were recorded in the same way. Unit activity was picked up with a FET source follower probe mounted on the microdrive, amplified 1000 times with an IC instrumentation amplifier, displayed on the CRO and recorded in the other channel of the tape recorder. Off-line pro ...
Spatial and temporal correlation between neuron neuronopathic Gaucher disease
... To determine the time course of neuropathological changes in nGD, we used a mouse model in which GlcCerase deficiency is restricted to neurons and macroglia, with normal GlcCerase activity in microglia (the Gbaflox/flox; Nestin-Cre mouse, hereafter referred to as the 2/2 mouse) (8). These mice exhib ...
... To determine the time course of neuropathological changes in nGD, we used a mouse model in which GlcCerase deficiency is restricted to neurons and macroglia, with normal GlcCerase activity in microglia (the Gbaflox/flox; Nestin-Cre mouse, hereafter referred to as the 2/2 mouse) (8). These mice exhib ...
The Brain`s Response to Drugs Teacher`s Guide
... like PCP, block receptors and thereby prevent neuronal messages from getting through. Still others, like cocaine, interfere with the molecules that are responsible for transporting neurotransmitters back into the neurons that released them (Figure 7). Finally, some drugs, such as methamphetamine, ac ...
... like PCP, block receptors and thereby prevent neuronal messages from getting through. Still others, like cocaine, interfere with the molecules that are responsible for transporting neurotransmitters back into the neurons that released them (Figure 7). Finally, some drugs, such as methamphetamine, ac ...
fMRI - Rackcdn.com
... Activation patterns: activation about the lateral central sulcus in the expected somatotopic location for lower face sensorimotor cortex. Secondary somatosensory, premotor cortex, and SMA activation are also observed. Tongue movement will activate similar areas, but with primary sensori-motor cortex ...
... Activation patterns: activation about the lateral central sulcus in the expected somatotopic location for lower face sensorimotor cortex. Secondary somatosensory, premotor cortex, and SMA activation are also observed. Tongue movement will activate similar areas, but with primary sensori-motor cortex ...
rEvIEW - McLoon Lab
... insight Review higher. In agreement with this hypothesis, in the hippocampus of adult rats, large perforated synapses with higher probabilities of glutamate release were found to be more likely to be ensheathed by astrocytes22. It is equally possible, however, that synapses that are wrapped by an a ...
... insight Review higher. In agreement with this hypothesis, in the hippocampus of adult rats, large perforated synapses with higher probabilities of glutamate release were found to be more likely to be ensheathed by astrocytes22. It is equally possible, however, that synapses that are wrapped by an a ...
Neuron Production, Neuron Number, and Structure Size Are
... [3H] thymidine in October and were sacrificed 6 weeks later had more labeled neurons in the hippocampal formation (HF) than chickadees injected in any other month of the year. Although this process of neuronal recruitment was found to fluctuate seasonally, the total number of neurons in the hippocam ...
... [3H] thymidine in October and were sacrificed 6 weeks later had more labeled neurons in the hippocampal formation (HF) than chickadees injected in any other month of the year. Although this process of neuronal recruitment was found to fluctuate seasonally, the total number of neurons in the hippocam ...
Associative learning signals in the brain
... including rabbits, rats, and primates. This review will show that similar patterns of associative learning signals have been reported across species, though the most thorough description to date has been done in the non-human primate model systems. The second related question concerns the other brai ...
... including rabbits, rats, and primates. This review will show that similar patterns of associative learning signals have been reported across species, though the most thorough description to date has been done in the non-human primate model systems. The second related question concerns the other brai ...
“Epileptic Neurons” in Temporal Lobe Epilepsy
... In contrast to the multitude of well-documented changes in excitatory and inhibitory synaptic function, the possibility that persistent changes in intrinsic neuronal properties may also contribute to hippocampal epileptogenesis in TLE has received only minor attention (40, 53). This holds true despi ...
... In contrast to the multitude of well-documented changes in excitatory and inhibitory synaptic function, the possibility that persistent changes in intrinsic neuronal properties may also contribute to hippocampal epileptogenesis in TLE has received only minor attention (40, 53). This holds true despi ...
Cortical modulation of pain
... neurochemical (glutamate) stimulation have produced inconsistent results. In some cases stimulation produced analgesia [43–45], and in others the effect was pronociceptive and reduced pain thresholds [46]. However, all these studies are consistent in finding that the effects of stimulation of the VL ...
... neurochemical (glutamate) stimulation have produced inconsistent results. In some cases stimulation produced analgesia [43–45], and in others the effect was pronociceptive and reduced pain thresholds [46]. However, all these studies are consistent in finding that the effects of stimulation of the VL ...
THE BRAIN`S CONCEPTS: THE ROLE OF THE SENSORY
... system than we will be discussing, and much of it is relevant. For example, we will not be discussing the roles of basal ganglia, cerebellum, thalamus, and somato-sensory cortices. Though they would add to the argument, they would also add greatly to the length of this study, and we believe we can m ...
... system than we will be discussing, and much of it is relevant. For example, we will not be discussing the roles of basal ganglia, cerebellum, thalamus, and somato-sensory cortices. Though they would add to the argument, they would also add greatly to the length of this study, and we believe we can m ...
63 Cellular Mechanisms of Learning and the Biological
... has a repertory of defensive reflexes for withdrawing its gill and its siphon, a small fleshy spout above the gill used to expel seawater and waste (Figure 63-1A). These reflexes are similar to the leg withdrawal reflex studied by Spencer and Thompson. For example, a mild tactile stimulus delivered ...
... has a repertory of defensive reflexes for withdrawing its gill and its siphon, a small fleshy spout above the gill used to expel seawater and waste (Figure 63-1A). These reflexes are similar to the leg withdrawal reflex studied by Spencer and Thompson. For example, a mild tactile stimulus delivered ...
PDF
... population of neurons. How does the mechanism of synaptic semblance (Figure 1A) lead to the concurrent firing of specific neurons during memory retrieval? This may be explained as follows. Oscillating neuronal activities take place both in the hippocampus and in the cortex. Different memory tasks are ...
... population of neurons. How does the mechanism of synaptic semblance (Figure 1A) lead to the concurrent firing of specific neurons during memory retrieval? This may be explained as follows. Oscillating neuronal activities take place both in the hippocampus and in the cortex. Different memory tasks are ...
Mircea Steriade
... Revue de Neurologie (Paris) with those clinical-anatomical data, which were confirmed several years later by French neurologists at the Salp~tri~re hospital in Paris. That report was my first important study, and it marked my first foray into research on brain stem activating systems relayed by thal ...
... Revue de Neurologie (Paris) with those clinical-anatomical data, which were confirmed several years later by French neurologists at the Salp~tri~re hospital in Paris. That report was my first important study, and it marked my first foray into research on brain stem activating systems relayed by thal ...
Anatomical Changes in Human Motor Cortex and Motor Pathways
... These cerebellar changes are surprising given that unlike the primary motor and sensory cortices, which have direct connections with the injured region, that is, the spinal cord; the bulk of superior cerebellar cortex connections are with the brainstem and cerebral cortex. This indicates that second ...
... These cerebellar changes are surprising given that unlike the primary motor and sensory cortices, which have direct connections with the injured region, that is, the spinal cord; the bulk of superior cerebellar cortex connections are with the brainstem and cerebral cortex. This indicates that second ...
Brain and Behavior
... materials, crumpling a sheet of paper into a small ball will suffice. One-Minute Motivator 2.7: Child without a Brain A national news service reported the case of a child born without a brain, a condition known as anencephaly. Anencephaly occurs in approximately 1 out of 1,000 live births, but most ...
... materials, crumpling a sheet of paper into a small ball will suffice. One-Minute Motivator 2.7: Child without a Brain A national news service reported the case of a child born without a brain, a condition known as anencephaly. Anencephaly occurs in approximately 1 out of 1,000 live births, but most ...
Chapter Two: Brain and Behavior
... materials, crumpling a sheet of paper into a small ball will suffice. One-Minute Motivator 2.7: Child without a Brain A national news service reported the case of a child born without a brain, a condition known as anencephaly. Anencephaly occurs in approximately 1 out of 1,000 live births, but most ...
... materials, crumpling a sheet of paper into a small ball will suffice. One-Minute Motivator 2.7: Child without a Brain A national news service reported the case of a child born without a brain, a condition known as anencephaly. Anencephaly occurs in approximately 1 out of 1,000 live births, but most ...
Bipolar neurons in rat visual cortex: A combined
... The focus of our studies on connections between neurons has been area 17 of rat visual cortex. This cortex may lack the functional columns of neurons present in visual cortices such as those of the cat (for example, Hubel & Wiesel, 1963) and monkey (for example, Hubel & Wiesel, 1977), but like these ...
... The focus of our studies on connections between neurons has been area 17 of rat visual cortex. This cortex may lack the functional columns of neurons present in visual cortices such as those of the cat (for example, Hubel & Wiesel, 1963) and monkey (for example, Hubel & Wiesel, 1977), but like these ...
Features of Neuronal Synchrony in Mouse Visual Cortex
... modulation amplitude of the first satellite peak (MAS). Similarly, synchronization strength was evaluated using the modulation amplitude (MA) of the central peak in the correlograms (i.e., the ratio between the peak amplitude and offset of the fitted function). In addition, frequency of oscillation, ...
... modulation amplitude of the first satellite peak (MAS). Similarly, synchronization strength was evaluated using the modulation amplitude (MA) of the central peak in the correlograms (i.e., the ratio between the peak amplitude and offset of the fitted function). In addition, frequency of oscillation, ...
doc midterm 1 chapter notes
... o Galen discounted this, saying that if it were so, then nerve endings would go to the heart, not the mind. René Descartes, said that animals (including humans) are machines, and once set on this earth behave without any divine intervention. He defined the term reflex: An automatic, stereotyped move ...
... o Galen discounted this, saying that if it were so, then nerve endings would go to the heart, not the mind. René Descartes, said that animals (including humans) are machines, and once set on this earth behave without any divine intervention. He defined the term reflex: An automatic, stereotyped move ...
Modulation of attentional inhibition by norepinephrine and cortisol
... processing after stress than is NE. For example, one particularly reliable phenomenon is the fact that acute stress can enhance memory formation while chronic stress can attenuate it ŽMcEwen and Sapolsky, 1995.. It has been demonstrated that this effect is conditional upon CORT release and the diffe ...
... processing after stress than is NE. For example, one particularly reliable phenomenon is the fact that acute stress can enhance memory formation while chronic stress can attenuate it ŽMcEwen and Sapolsky, 1995.. It has been demonstrated that this effect is conditional upon CORT release and the diffe ...