Saliency, switching, attention and control
... on animal models; yet, it is worth noting that the majority of the human insula likely has no equivalent in the rat or monkey (Craig 2009). Much of the recent critical thinking of insula function in humans has focused on its key role in the experience of emotion derived from information about bodily ...
... on animal models; yet, it is worth noting that the majority of the human insula likely has no equivalent in the rat or monkey (Craig 2009). Much of the recent critical thinking of insula function in humans has focused on its key role in the experience of emotion derived from information about bodily ...
PDF - Center for Neural Science
... behaviors. That a cortical area exhibits a new type of behavior does not necessarily mean that the circuit must possess unique biological machineries completely different from those of other areas. Hence, persistent activity may be generated in the PFC when the strength of recurrent excitation (medi ...
... behaviors. That a cortical area exhibits a new type of behavior does not necessarily mean that the circuit must possess unique biological machineries completely different from those of other areas. Hence, persistent activity may be generated in the PFC when the strength of recurrent excitation (medi ...
Document
... property called LTP (long term potentiation). This short term memory is neuron functional state that activates signaling genes, e.g. c-fos. These early genes trigger phenotypic genes related to protein production during the second state. • The second state occurs during sleep as the memory-consolida ...
... property called LTP (long term potentiation). This short term memory is neuron functional state that activates signaling genes, e.g. c-fos. These early genes trigger phenotypic genes related to protein production during the second state. • The second state occurs during sleep as the memory-consolida ...
The Information Processing Mechanism of the Brain
... There is reason to recap the central properties of a neural network. A neural network can be modelled in a simple physical mechanism, which can be studied in computer simulations. This model captures the essential properties of a biological network, and the simplified mechanism shows the fundamental ...
... There is reason to recap the central properties of a neural network. A neural network can be modelled in a simple physical mechanism, which can be studied in computer simulations. This model captures the essential properties of a biological network, and the simplified mechanism shows the fundamental ...
The Basal Ganglia and Chunking of Action Repertoires
... that dendrites and their synaptic inputs mature postnatally). CORTICOSTRIATAL REMAPPING AND S–R LEARNING Why should this form of remapping promote an S–R learning function for the striatum (basal ganglia) rather than an S–S or context learning function (thought to be the specialty of the hippocampal ...
... that dendrites and their synaptic inputs mature postnatally). CORTICOSTRIATAL REMAPPING AND S–R LEARNING Why should this form of remapping promote an S–R learning function for the striatum (basal ganglia) rather than an S–S or context learning function (thought to be the specialty of the hippocampal ...
The cerebrocerebellar system: anatomic substrates of the cerebellar
... architecture that is essentially uniform. This has theoretical and clinical ramifications. It is the anatomical basis for the dysmetria of thought hypothesis that postulates a universal cerebellar transform, in which the cerebellum performs its unique computation in a topographically precise manner ...
... architecture that is essentially uniform. This has theoretical and clinical ramifications. It is the anatomical basis for the dysmetria of thought hypothesis that postulates a universal cerebellar transform, in which the cerebellum performs its unique computation in a topographically precise manner ...
Computational modeling of responses in human visual
... others showed that the position of the wound corresponded to the location of the visual field loss. They correctly concluded that there is at least one topographic map of the contralateral visual hemifield in each hemisphere. In the 1940s, electrophysiology in animal brains revealed that there are m ...
... others showed that the position of the wound corresponded to the location of the visual field loss. They correctly concluded that there is at least one topographic map of the contralateral visual hemifield in each hemisphere. In the 1940s, electrophysiology in animal brains revealed that there are m ...
Revised_BJP_MS_
... evidence from in vitro studies indicates that 2-AG induces suppressive effects on immune function by reducing inflammatory cytokines such as IL-6, IL-2 and TNF-α and mediators such as nitric oxide and prostaglandins (Chang et al., 2001; Facchinetti et al., 2003; Gallily et al., 2000; Raman et al., 2 ...
... evidence from in vitro studies indicates that 2-AG induces suppressive effects on immune function by reducing inflammatory cytokines such as IL-6, IL-2 and TNF-α and mediators such as nitric oxide and prostaglandins (Chang et al., 2001; Facchinetti et al., 2003; Gallily et al., 2000; Raman et al., 2 ...
A cellular mechanism for cortical associations: an organizing
... cognition [21–25] and conscious perception [26–29]. This has led to the suggestion that the cortex operates via an interaction between feed-forward and feedback information [30–32]. In this scenario, feedback provides context or predictive information for modulating neural activity in a given area [ ...
... cognition [21–25] and conscious perception [26–29]. This has led to the suggestion that the cortex operates via an interaction between feed-forward and feedback information [30–32]. In this scenario, feedback provides context or predictive information for modulating neural activity in a given area [ ...
Topographic maps in human frontal and parietal cortex
... from electrophysiological studies in macaque monkey [23,24] have recently been probed in topographic areas of human PPC (Table 1). These include responses related to eye movements [21], reaching movements [25,26], stimulus motion [21], visual objects [27], and spatial attention [19,28,29]. Possible ...
... from electrophysiological studies in macaque monkey [23,24] have recently been probed in topographic areas of human PPC (Table 1). These include responses related to eye movements [21], reaching movements [25,26], stimulus motion [21], visual objects [27], and spatial attention [19,28,29]. Possible ...
III./2.2.: The pathology and etiology of headaches III./2.2.1.: Anatomy
... both major types of migraine (migraine with and without aura); CGRP concentrations were correlated with the severity of attacks. After successful treatment of the attacks, the concentration of CGRP was normalized. These changes in CGRP concentrations during migraine attack are considered as an evide ...
... both major types of migraine (migraine with and without aura); CGRP concentrations were correlated with the severity of attacks. After successful treatment of the attacks, the concentration of CGRP was normalized. These changes in CGRP concentrations during migraine attack are considered as an evide ...
Rule-Selection and Action-Selection have a Shared
... Subjects were scanned during performance of a rule-based response selection task (see Fig. 1). Apart from null trials, each trial lasting 4.25 s followed a similar format: a rule cue for 1 s (width ~2"), blank screen interval for 1 s, response cue for 1 s (width ~4") during which a response may be m ...
... Subjects were scanned during performance of a rule-based response selection task (see Fig. 1). Apart from null trials, each trial lasting 4.25 s followed a similar format: a rule cue for 1 s (width ~2"), blank screen interval for 1 s, response cue for 1 s (width ~4") during which a response may be m ...
Horizontal Interactions in Cat Striate Cortex: 1. Anatomical Substrate
... intermediate in infragranular and shortest in granular layers. In BD and DR cats older than 10 weeks, the length of intracortical tangential fibres becomes reduced to the same extent as in NR animals, but individual clusters are less numerous. The authors conclude that the lattice-like structure of ...
... intermediate in infragranular and shortest in granular layers. In BD and DR cats older than 10 weeks, the length of intracortical tangential fibres becomes reduced to the same extent as in NR animals, but individual clusters are less numerous. The authors conclude that the lattice-like structure of ...
PPT - 서울대 Biointelligence lab
... brain as an input-output system can have only limited success. Many studies in neuronal procedure and functional mechanism lacks “comprehensive understanding of the embedding of these many partial functions into ongoing processes or, into a “brain’s life” that all prior experience and memories may i ...
... brain as an input-output system can have only limited success. Many studies in neuronal procedure and functional mechanism lacks “comprehensive understanding of the embedding of these many partial functions into ongoing processes or, into a “brain’s life” that all prior experience and memories may i ...
Challenges for Brain Emulation
... algorithmic approaches are bio-inspired, but their biological basis is, for the most part, simplified from the more-detailed models used by neuroscientists. Autonomous vehicles and other robotic applications are likely targets for such brain-like systems. 3. For the most part, computers still use th ...
... algorithmic approaches are bio-inspired, but their biological basis is, for the most part, simplified from the more-detailed models used by neuroscientists. Autonomous vehicles and other robotic applications are likely targets for such brain-like systems. 3. For the most part, computers still use th ...
(addl. 3)
... algorithmic approaches are bio-inspired, but their biological basis is, for the most part, simplified from the more-detailed models used by neuroscientists. Autonomous vehicles and other robotic applications are likely targets for such brain-like systems. 3. For the most part, computers still use th ...
... algorithmic approaches are bio-inspired, but their biological basis is, for the most part, simplified from the more-detailed models used by neuroscientists. Autonomous vehicles and other robotic applications are likely targets for such brain-like systems. 3. For the most part, computers still use th ...
PDF
... critical cues and outcomes available in an environment and transition functions that contain knowledge about which actions lead from state to state. To make decisions, the system can use this model to mentally simulate sequences of candidate actions and their consequences and thereby derive the expe ...
... critical cues and outcomes available in an environment and transition functions that contain knowledge about which actions lead from state to state. To make decisions, the system can use this model to mentally simulate sequences of candidate actions and their consequences and thereby derive the expe ...
Guzowski et al - Psychology and Neuroscience
... This uncertainty stems from the methodologies used in most IEG studies, which have made it difficult to distinguish gene induction that is specifically linked to information processing from activity that may be due to stress, novelty, motor activity or other processes that accompany the behavioral r ...
... This uncertainty stems from the methodologies used in most IEG studies, which have made it difficult to distinguish gene induction that is specifically linked to information processing from activity that may be due to stress, novelty, motor activity or other processes that accompany the behavioral r ...
Voltage-Sensitive Dye Imaging: Technique review and Models
... (VSDI). This optical imaging technique offers the possibility to visualize, in real time, the cortical activity of large neuronal populations with high spatial resolution (down to 20-50 µm) and high temporal resolution (down to the millisecond). With such resolutions, VSDI appears to be the best tec ...
... (VSDI). This optical imaging technique offers the possibility to visualize, in real time, the cortical activity of large neuronal populations with high spatial resolution (down to 20-50 µm) and high temporal resolution (down to the millisecond). With such resolutions, VSDI appears to be the best tec ...
ROLE OF EARLY ACOUSTIC EXPERIENCE IN DEVELOPMENT OF THE RAT by
... cases, chronic sensory deprivation, such as that caused by congenital blindness or deafness, can result in the adoption of the deprived cortex by other sensory modalities through a phenomenon known as cross-modal plasticity (Finney, Fine, & Dobkins, 2001; Sadato et al., 1996). Interestingly, numerou ...
... cases, chronic sensory deprivation, such as that caused by congenital blindness or deafness, can result in the adoption of the deprived cortex by other sensory modalities through a phenomenon known as cross-modal plasticity (Finney, Fine, & Dobkins, 2001; Sadato et al., 1996). Interestingly, numerou ...
Disproportion of cerebral surface areas and volumes in
... This surrogate measure is only valid under certain circumstances. The method is model-based and therefore not unbiased (Mayhew, 1992): orientation of the brain in the scanner could alter the final voxel count obtained. In practice, however, because of the complexity of the SM surface, which is highl ...
... This surrogate measure is only valid under certain circumstances. The method is model-based and therefore not unbiased (Mayhew, 1992): orientation of the brain in the scanner could alter the final voxel count obtained. In practice, however, because of the complexity of the SM surface, which is highl ...
Magnetic resonance imaging indicators of blood
... Quantitative diffusion maps were measured using magnetization-prepared TurboFLASH as modified by Thomas and coworkers [35]. It consists of a drivenequilibrium Fourier transform (DEFT) sequence with a pair of diffusion-sensitizing gradients around the 180° refocusing RF pulse followed by the TurboFLA ...
... Quantitative diffusion maps were measured using magnetization-prepared TurboFLASH as modified by Thomas and coworkers [35]. It consists of a drivenequilibrium Fourier transform (DEFT) sequence with a pair of diffusion-sensitizing gradients around the 180° refocusing RF pulse followed by the TurboFLA ...
PINP: A New Method of Tagging Neuronal Populations
... did not express PV), indicating that ChR2-YFP expression provided a reliable tag for parvalbumin-expressing interneurons. Callosal neurons. We next targeted ChR2 expression based on anatomical projection pattern. Pyramidal neurons in the auditory cortex project to multiple brain regions. We engineer ...
... did not express PV), indicating that ChR2-YFP expression provided a reliable tag for parvalbumin-expressing interneurons. Callosal neurons. We next targeted ChR2 expression based on anatomical projection pattern. Pyramidal neurons in the auditory cortex project to multiple brain regions. We engineer ...
Neuronal circuitries involved in thermoregulation
... red nucleus. The application of glutamate to this area facilitated cold-induced shivering and procaine suppressed it. These findings provide evidence that reticulospinal neurons send efferent signals that control shivering. However, it is still unknown whether the reticulospinal neurons receive syna ...
... red nucleus. The application of glutamate to this area facilitated cold-induced shivering and procaine suppressed it. These findings provide evidence that reticulospinal neurons send efferent signals that control shivering. However, it is still unknown whether the reticulospinal neurons receive syna ...
PDF - Oxford Academic - Oxford University Press
... pictures after 30 s, while fMRI images were obtained. The results showed an immediate (30 s) and long-lasting (3 day) decrease in neural activity in bilateral occipitotemporal cortex following both nameable and nonsense object repetition. In addition, decreases in left inferior frontal activity were ...
... pictures after 30 s, while fMRI images were obtained. The results showed an immediate (30 s) and long-lasting (3 day) decrease in neural activity in bilateral occipitotemporal cortex following both nameable and nonsense object repetition. In addition, decreases in left inferior frontal activity were ...