On the computational architecture of the neocortex
... animals. For instance, analysis of visual input and integration of visual, auditory and tactile information is carried out in the various layers of the superior colliculus (or tectum) in primitive animals. The superior colliculus, in mammals, projects to the pulvinar complex in the thalamus and then ...
... animals. For instance, analysis of visual input and integration of visual, auditory and tactile information is carried out in the various layers of the superior colliculus (or tectum) in primitive animals. The superior colliculus, in mammals, projects to the pulvinar complex in the thalamus and then ...
Handout: E-Brain Manual - Faculty Web Sites at the University of
... Glial cells, typically astrocytes and oligodendrocytes, are a vital part of the nervous system. They are located profusely throughout the brain and spinal cord. Unfortunately, they are not a subject for this tutorial. ...
... Glial cells, typically astrocytes and oligodendrocytes, are a vital part of the nervous system. They are located profusely throughout the brain and spinal cord. Unfortunately, they are not a subject for this tutorial. ...
Neuroscience: Exploring the Brain
... system that are encased in bone: the brain and the spinal cord. The brain lies entirely within the skull. A side view of the rat brain reveals three parts that are common to all mammals: the cerebrum, the cerebellum, and the brain stem (Figure 7.4a). The Cerebrum. The rostral-most and largest part o ...
... system that are encased in bone: the brain and the spinal cord. The brain lies entirely within the skull. A side view of the rat brain reveals three parts that are common to all mammals: the cerebrum, the cerebellum, and the brain stem (Figure 7.4a). The Cerebrum. The rostral-most and largest part o ...
Mechanisms for Sensing Fat in Food in the Mouth
... others 1999; Small and others 1999; O’Doherty and others 2001; de Araujo and others 2003). The odor of food is represented in the orbitofrontal cortex (Rolls and others 2003; de Araujo and others 2005; Grabenhorst and others 2007; Rolls and others 2008; Rolls and Grabenhorst 2008; Rolls and others 2 ...
... others 1999; Small and others 1999; O’Doherty and others 2001; de Araujo and others 2003). The odor of food is represented in the orbitofrontal cortex (Rolls and others 2003; de Araujo and others 2005; Grabenhorst and others 2007; Rolls and others 2008; Rolls and Grabenhorst 2008; Rolls and others 2 ...
12 - Humbleisd.net
... Each person's brain waves are unique Can be grouped into four classes based on frequency measured as hertz (Hz) – Alpha, beta, theta, and delta waves ...
... Each person's brain waves are unique Can be grouped into four classes based on frequency measured as hertz (Hz) – Alpha, beta, theta, and delta waves ...
Switching from automatic to controlled behavior: cortico - lsr
... There is empirical evidence that errors result in adjustments of behavior in several ways. First, subjects can correct their action slips resulting from premature responses immediately after they have committed an error [62]. Second, subjects slow down on subsequent trials after errors, a phenomenon ...
... There is empirical evidence that errors result in adjustments of behavior in several ways. First, subjects can correct their action slips resulting from premature responses immediately after they have committed an error [62]. Second, subjects slow down on subsequent trials after errors, a phenomenon ...
Growth and Functional Efficacy of Intrastriatal Nigral Transplants
... extent of TH-positive cell loss in the host SN (Fig. 2C), the grafts in the severely lesioned rats showed significantly higher numbers of surviving TH-positive neurons compared with the grafts in animals with moderate lesions (5527 ⫾ 896 and 9190 ⫾ 1394, respectively) (Fig. 6 B). This corresponds to ...
... extent of TH-positive cell loss in the host SN (Fig. 2C), the grafts in the severely lesioned rats showed significantly higher numbers of surviving TH-positive neurons compared with the grafts in animals with moderate lesions (5527 ⫾ 896 and 9190 ⫾ 1394, respectively) (Fig. 6 B). This corresponds to ...
diencephalon - Loyola University Medical Education Network
... • Intralaminar nuclei project to both the cerebral cortex and basal ganglia (rostral extension of the reticular formation) • Thalamic reticular nucleus projects to other thalamic nuclei and not the cerebral cortex. o The neurons within the reticular nuclei are made up of inhibitory GABAergic neurons ...
... • Intralaminar nuclei project to both the cerebral cortex and basal ganglia (rostral extension of the reticular formation) • Thalamic reticular nucleus projects to other thalamic nuclei and not the cerebral cortex. o The neurons within the reticular nuclei are made up of inhibitory GABAergic neurons ...
3 Behavioral Neuroscience - McGraw Hill Higher Education
... Beginning in the 1970s, psychology has seen the growth of behavioral genetics, which studies how heredity affects behavior. Research in behavioral genetics has found evidence of a hereditary basis for characteristics as diverse as divorce (Jocklin, McGue, & Lykken, 1996), empathy (Plomin, 1994), and ...
... Beginning in the 1970s, psychology has seen the growth of behavioral genetics, which studies how heredity affects behavior. Research in behavioral genetics has found evidence of a hereditary basis for characteristics as diverse as divorce (Jocklin, McGue, & Lykken, 1996), empathy (Plomin, 1994), and ...
Effects of the Abused Inhalant Toluene on the
... acute solvent inhalation may also contribute to injury or death in motor vehicle accidents. Chronic use of abused inhalants can lead to a variety of disorders including hearing loss, peripheral neuropathies, kidney damage, and loss of white matter in various brain regions [9]. The neurobehavioral co ...
... acute solvent inhalation may also contribute to injury or death in motor vehicle accidents. Chronic use of abused inhalants can lead to a variety of disorders including hearing loss, peripheral neuropathies, kidney damage, and loss of white matter in various brain regions [9]. The neurobehavioral co ...
Visual Stimulation Regulates the Expression of Transcription Factors
... Figure 1. The levels of ZIF 268 DNA-binding activity in nuclear extracts from visual cortex of rats exposed to different light conditions. A, EMSA reactions were made using 20 pg of nuclear extracts from two different animals for each condition. The retarded bands in the level marked Z represent the ...
... Figure 1. The levels of ZIF 268 DNA-binding activity in nuclear extracts from visual cortex of rats exposed to different light conditions. A, EMSA reactions were made using 20 pg of nuclear extracts from two different animals for each condition. The retarded bands in the level marked Z represent the ...
Chapter 13 Stress and Glucocorticoid Contributions to Normal and
... whereas middle levels facilitate these measures, giving a characteristic “invertedU” shaped doseresponse curve (see [56] for a review). Stressors given immediately prior to assessment of learning and memory may similarly impair [57, 58] or facilitate [59] memory. The effects of repeated stress or ...
... whereas middle levels facilitate these measures, giving a characteristic “invertedU” shaped doseresponse curve (see [56] for a review). Stressors given immediately prior to assessment of learning and memory may similarly impair [57, 58] or facilitate [59] memory. The effects of repeated stress or ...
PDF
... Microstimulation activates not only the neuronal elements near the electrode tip, but also a network of neurons sharing connections with those directly stimulated. Thus, the effect of electrical stimulation is thought to depend on the recruitment of physiologically relevant brain circuits. Stimulati ...
... Microstimulation activates not only the neuronal elements near the electrode tip, but also a network of neurons sharing connections with those directly stimulated. Thus, the effect of electrical stimulation is thought to depend on the recruitment of physiologically relevant brain circuits. Stimulati ...
Encoding and Retrieval of Episodic Memories: Role of Hippocampus
... have been shown to impair encoding of new information in humans, nonhuman primates, and rodents. Extensive data have been gathered about the cellular effects of acetylcholine in the hippocampus. In this research, models of individual hippocampal subregions have been utilized to understand the signif ...
... have been shown to impair encoding of new information in humans, nonhuman primates, and rodents. Extensive data have been gathered about the cellular effects of acetylcholine in the hippocampus. In this research, models of individual hippocampal subregions have been utilized to understand the signif ...
Cholinergic Deafferentation of the Entorhinal Cortex in Rats
... Familiar odors. Rats were tested on the standard DNMS after surgery until they re-established criterion performance. After this time, rats underwent tests with familiar odors to determine whether cholinergic deafferentation of the entorhinal cortex increased sensitivity to increased mnemonic demands ...
... Familiar odors. Rats were tested on the standard DNMS after surgery until they re-established criterion performance. After this time, rats underwent tests with familiar odors to determine whether cholinergic deafferentation of the entorhinal cortex increased sensitivity to increased mnemonic demands ...
Slide 1
... forward to the next neuron once it is in the receptor, thus blocking the pain signal. ...
... forward to the next neuron once it is in the receptor, thus blocking the pain signal. ...
Neural networks engaged in milliseconds and seconds time
... Results from the study of PD patients have provided further knowledge regarding the role of basal ganglia in time processing. Most studies on these patients have been based on repetitive movement tasks (i.e. finger tapping), in which subjects have to perform simple movements with precise timing cued ...
... Results from the study of PD patients have provided further knowledge regarding the role of basal ganglia in time processing. Most studies on these patients have been based on repetitive movement tasks (i.e. finger tapping), in which subjects have to perform simple movements with precise timing cued ...
PDF file
... from the field of view randomly, but rather, they move continuously across the field of view, given their motion is not too fast for the brain to respond. At the pixel level, views are very discontinuous as image patches sweep across the field of view. Motivated by cerebral cortex, our model explore ...
... from the field of view randomly, but rather, they move continuously across the field of view, given their motion is not too fast for the brain to respond. At the pixel level, views are very discontinuous as image patches sweep across the field of view. Motivated by cerebral cortex, our model explore ...
Eye movement control by the cerebral cortex
... the SEF resulted in a disruption of the saccade order in a double-step paradigm (comprising a sequence of two successive saccades) [30]. This result may therefore also have been due to the SEF control of saccade sequences. Furthermore, it should be pointed out that in a recent experimental study in ...
... the SEF resulted in a disruption of the saccade order in a double-step paradigm (comprising a sequence of two successive saccades) [30]. This result may therefore also have been due to the SEF control of saccade sequences. Furthermore, it should be pointed out that in a recent experimental study in ...
Embodied cognitive evolution and the cerebellum
... A further problem is that critical assumptions underlying the use of brain size indices remain largely untested. The volume of a brain region is potentially related to cognitive capacities to the extent that it correlates with more functionally meaningful variables such as numbers of neurons and syn ...
... A further problem is that critical assumptions underlying the use of brain size indices remain largely untested. The volume of a brain region is potentially related to cognitive capacities to the extent that it correlates with more functionally meaningful variables such as numbers of neurons and syn ...
- Journal of Adolescent Health
... the hippocampus in the pathophysiology of PTSS, specifically as they relate to learning from previous experience. Animal research has shown that one potential mechanism of damage to the hippocampus is through corticosterone, the animal analog to cortisol in humans, which can be neurotoxic if secreted ...
... the hippocampus in the pathophysiology of PTSS, specifically as they relate to learning from previous experience. Animal research has shown that one potential mechanism of damage to the hippocampus is through corticosterone, the animal analog to cortisol in humans, which can be neurotoxic if secreted ...
Review of Thoracic and Abdominal Autonomics
... from the T1-T4 chain ganglia—some pass through cervical ganglia on their way to the heart. It may seem odd that some of the pathways to the heart start in the thoracic spinal cord, run all the way up to the superior cervical ganglion, synapse, and then descend again into the thorax. This is a holdov ...
... from the T1-T4 chain ganglia—some pass through cervical ganglia on their way to the heart. It may seem odd that some of the pathways to the heart start in the thoracic spinal cord, run all the way up to the superior cervical ganglion, synapse, and then descend again into the thorax. This is a holdov ...
Neuronal Competition and Selection During Memory Formation
... Competition between neurons is necessary for refining neural circuits during development and may be important for selecting the neurons that participate in encoding memories in the adult brain. To examine neuronal competition during memory formation, we conducted experiments with mice in which we ma ...
... Competition between neurons is necessary for refining neural circuits during development and may be important for selecting the neurons that participate in encoding memories in the adult brain. To examine neuronal competition during memory formation, we conducted experiments with mice in which we ma ...
Aberrant changes of somatostatin and neuropeptide Y in brain of a
... Unlike epileptic models obtained by chemical or physical methods, the tremor rat (TRM, RGD ID: 1302702) (tm/tm) is a genetic mutant model discovered by Kyoto University. TRMs have seizure-like features of showing tonic convulsions and appearing 5–7 Hz spike-wave complexes in cortical and hippocampal ...
... Unlike epileptic models obtained by chemical or physical methods, the tremor rat (TRM, RGD ID: 1302702) (tm/tm) is a genetic mutant model discovered by Kyoto University. TRMs have seizure-like features of showing tonic convulsions and appearing 5–7 Hz spike-wave complexes in cortical and hippocampal ...