Art.-Schoenbaum (R) - UCSD Cognitive Science
... involved a requirement that the rat remain in the well after the response; thus the analysis of neural activity during this time period controlled for motor behavior. ...
... involved a requirement that the rat remain in the well after the response; thus the analysis of neural activity during this time period controlled for motor behavior. ...
Roles of Multiple Globus Pallidus Territories of Monkeys and
... 2009; Arimura et al., 2013). Arimura et al. (2013) showed that GP neurons in the associative territory encode behavioral goals ...
... 2009; Arimura et al., 2013). Arimura et al. (2013) showed that GP neurons in the associative territory encode behavioral goals ...
Low-Dose Alcohol Consumption Protects against Transient Focal
... reduced PPARc protein in the nucleus. In addition to the nucleus, PPARc also expresses in the cytoplasm [22]. Thus, upregulated PPARc mRNA during reperfusion may be a compensatory response and increased PPARc immunoreactivity may be mainly located in the cytoplasm. Transient focal cerebral ischemia ...
... reduced PPARc protein in the nucleus. In addition to the nucleus, PPARc also expresses in the cytoplasm [22]. Thus, upregulated PPARc mRNA during reperfusion may be a compensatory response and increased PPARc immunoreactivity may be mainly located in the cytoplasm. Transient focal cerebral ischemia ...
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... corticofugal projection neurons in L5 are morphologically and physiologically heterogeneous, depending on their long-range projection targets (Hattox and Nelson, 2007). In fact, the projection identity of L5 neurons is regulated by a network of transcription factors (Srinivasan et al., 2012). L6 neu ...
... corticofugal projection neurons in L5 are morphologically and physiologically heterogeneous, depending on their long-range projection targets (Hattox and Nelson, 2007). In fact, the projection identity of L5 neurons is regulated by a network of transcription factors (Srinivasan et al., 2012). L6 neu ...
Congenital blindness affects diencephalic but not mesencephalic
... (left: p = 4 9 10-6, right: p \ 1 9 10-6), consistent with findings from animal studies. In addition, associated thalamic nuclei that project to temporal (left: p = 0.005, right: p = 0.005), prefrontal (left: p = 0.010, right: p = 0.014), occipital (left: p = 0.005, right: p = 0.023), and right prem ...
... (left: p = 4 9 10-6, right: p \ 1 9 10-6), consistent with findings from animal studies. In addition, associated thalamic nuclei that project to temporal (left: p = 0.005, right: p = 0.005), prefrontal (left: p = 0.010, right: p = 0.014), occipital (left: p = 0.005, right: p = 0.023), and right prem ...
decision-making in the primate brain
... thought to drive rational decision-making. In those studies, however, monkeys did not have a choice about which eye movement to make and thus the link between decision-making and LIP activity could not be directly observed. In a second experiment (Platt and Glimcher 1999), the investigators studied ...
... thought to drive rational decision-making. In those studies, however, monkeys did not have a choice about which eye movement to make and thus the link between decision-making and LIP activity could not be directly observed. In a second experiment (Platt and Glimcher 1999), the investigators studied ...
a review with emphasis on the projections of specific thalamic nuclei
... instance, several studies report more severe degenerative effects in young animals than in adults with similar Iesionslz,102~lJ7,although sometimes the reverse is true’“l. Rose and WooIseyl”g noted the effects of retrograde cell degeneration in the thalamus grew more severe with increasing postopera ...
... instance, several studies report more severe degenerative effects in young animals than in adults with similar Iesionslz,102~lJ7,although sometimes the reverse is true’“l. Rose and WooIseyl”g noted the effects of retrograde cell degeneration in the thalamus grew more severe with increasing postopera ...
Rapid eye movement sleep deprivation induces an increase in
... Some upper brainstem cholinergic neurons (pedunculopontine and laterodorsal tegmental nuclei) are involved in the generation of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep and project rostrally to the thalamus and caudally to the medulla oblongata. A previous report showed that 96 h of REM sleep deprivation in r ...
... Some upper brainstem cholinergic neurons (pedunculopontine and laterodorsal tegmental nuclei) are involved in the generation of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep and project rostrally to the thalamus and caudally to the medulla oblongata. A previous report showed that 96 h of REM sleep deprivation in r ...
Historical analysis of the neural control of movement from the
... attention to help understand the neural programming involved. Whole animal studies then inevitably lapsed, as there must have seemed little that could usefully be done. Acute experimentation reigned throughout the 19th and much of the 20th century as stimulation, ablation, and, subsequently, electri ...
... attention to help understand the neural programming involved. Whole animal studies then inevitably lapsed, as there must have seemed little that could usefully be done. Acute experimentation reigned throughout the 19th and much of the 20th century as stimulation, ablation, and, subsequently, electri ...
cp_kellermann_launay_17092010
... Details of this work are published in the journal Science dated 17 September 2010. Depressive states are associated with a deficit of serotonin (5-HT), one of the neurotransmitters essential for communication between neurons and particularly involved in eating and sexual behaviours, the sleep-wake c ...
... Details of this work are published in the journal Science dated 17 September 2010. Depressive states are associated with a deficit of serotonin (5-HT), one of the neurotransmitters essential for communication between neurons and particularly involved in eating and sexual behaviours, the sleep-wake c ...
Imitation, mirror neurons and autism
... studies of the imitative competence of individuals with autism. The studies have been heterogeneous with respect to the mental ages tested, the types of control groups used and the imitation tests themselves, but only two studies did not ®nd an imitative de®cit in the autistic samples and then possi ...
... studies of the imitative competence of individuals with autism. The studies have been heterogeneous with respect to the mental ages tested, the types of control groups used and the imitation tests themselves, but only two studies did not ®nd an imitative de®cit in the autistic samples and then possi ...
Grounding conceptual knowledge in modality
... A large empirical literature would be expected to assess whether knowledge is modal or amodal, given the importance of the issue. Surprisingly, however, researchers have adopted amodal approaches largely for theoretical reasons – relatively little direct empirical evidence exists for them [10]. Amod ...
... A large empirical literature would be expected to assess whether knowledge is modal or amodal, given the importance of the issue. Surprisingly, however, researchers have adopted amodal approaches largely for theoretical reasons – relatively little direct empirical evidence exists for them [10]. Amod ...
12 - PHSchool.com
... thickness and structure of the cerebral cortex. Most successful in these efforts was K. Brodmann, who in 1906 produced an elaborate numbered mosaic of 52 cortical areas, now called Brodmann areas. With a structural map emerging, early neurologists were eager to localize functional regions of the cor ...
... thickness and structure of the cerebral cortex. Most successful in these efforts was K. Brodmann, who in 1906 produced an elaborate numbered mosaic of 52 cortical areas, now called Brodmann areas. With a structural map emerging, early neurologists were eager to localize functional regions of the cor ...
Galanin in Alzheimer s disease: Neuroinhibitory or neuroprotective?
... There is evidence for GAL plasticity in other brain regions associated with cognitive dysfunction in AD. The noradrenergic locus coeruleus (LC), which similarly to the CBF contains long neocortical and hippocampal projection neurons that modulate memory and attention [39] and degenerate in AD [40], ...
... There is evidence for GAL plasticity in other brain regions associated with cognitive dysfunction in AD. The noradrenergic locus coeruleus (LC), which similarly to the CBF contains long neocortical and hippocampal projection neurons that modulate memory and attention [39] and degenerate in AD [40], ...
Contributions of cortical feedback to sensory processing in primary
... by feedback from higher areas (in this instance, V5; Vetter et al., 2013). Such observations are tailored to the assumptions made by predictive coding, and it is known that the hemodynamic signal is sensitive to top–down afferents to V1 (Logothetis, 2008; Muckli, 2010). However, relating theoretical ...
... by feedback from higher areas (in this instance, V5; Vetter et al., 2013). Such observations are tailored to the assumptions made by predictive coding, and it is known that the hemodynamic signal is sensitive to top–down afferents to V1 (Logothetis, 2008; Muckli, 2010). However, relating theoretical ...
Brief neonatal maternal separation alters extinction of conditioned
... GR Immunohistochemistry. For immunohistochemical labeling of GR, sections were incubated for 1 h in PBS containing 3% normal goat serum and 0.1% Triton-X to block nonspecific binding. Sections were then incubated for 1 h in 0.2% H2O2 in 50% methanol. After rinsing in PBS, sections were incubated over ...
... GR Immunohistochemistry. For immunohistochemical labeling of GR, sections were incubated for 1 h in PBS containing 3% normal goat serum and 0.1% Triton-X to block nonspecific binding. Sections were then incubated for 1 h in 0.2% H2O2 in 50% methanol. After rinsing in PBS, sections were incubated over ...
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... (RTX), hallucination fan (HCF), retinotopy circle (RTC) and hallucination circle (HCC). HCF and HCC were in rotary motion about their axis while RTC and RTX were stationary. The activations registered in the visual cortex were measured using an fMRI scanner and contribution of each visual stimulus i ...
... (RTX), hallucination fan (HCF), retinotopy circle (RTC) and hallucination circle (HCC). HCF and HCC were in rotary motion about their axis while RTC and RTX were stationary. The activations registered in the visual cortex were measured using an fMRI scanner and contribution of each visual stimulus i ...
The Thalamus
... transmitters used by thalamic cells and the interactions of these transmitters with a wide range of receptor types and subtypes which not only govern the responses of thalamic cells to external and internally generated stimuli but also modulate their activities during changes in conscious state. In ...
... transmitters used by thalamic cells and the interactions of these transmitters with a wide range of receptor types and subtypes which not only govern the responses of thalamic cells to external and internally generated stimuli but also modulate their activities during changes in conscious state. In ...
ARTICLE IN PRESS
... memory for complex spatiotemporal trajectories (Fig. 1B). For example, the 8-arm radial maze task requires that rats visit 8 different arms without making an error by repeating an arm entry, and the number of arm re-entries is increased by fornix lesions [87,131]. The rat could avoid the error of re ...
... memory for complex spatiotemporal trajectories (Fig. 1B). For example, the 8-arm radial maze task requires that rats visit 8 different arms without making an error by repeating an arm entry, and the number of arm re-entries is increased by fornix lesions [87,131]. The rat could avoid the error of re ...
Signal Integration in Thalamus: Labeled Lines Go
... merged and the various integration strategies they employ at each processing station serve as bottlenecks to the types and range of perceptions the brain can create and thus is important to our experience of the world. In this issue of Neuron, Roska and co-workers (Rompani et al., 2017) reveal the s ...
... merged and the various integration strategies they employ at each processing station serve as bottlenecks to the types and range of perceptions the brain can create and thus is important to our experience of the world. In this issue of Neuron, Roska and co-workers (Rompani et al., 2017) reveal the s ...
Primary Motor Cortex
... • Present in one hemisphere (usually the left) • A motor speech area that directs muscles of the tongue • Is active as one prepares to speak ...
... • Present in one hemisphere (usually the left) • A motor speech area that directs muscles of the tongue • Is active as one prepares to speak ...
Primary Motor Cortex
... • Present in one hemisphere (usually the left) • A motor speech area that directs muscles of the tongue • Is active as one prepares to speak ...
... • Present in one hemisphere (usually the left) • A motor speech area that directs muscles of the tongue • Is active as one prepares to speak ...
Age-dependent effect of cholinergic lesion on dendritic morphology
... 1. Introduction Plasticity has long been known to be a property of developing nervous systems. Although originally considered to be a developmental phenomenon, plasticity extends into adulthood as well, underlying a variety of processes, including learning and memory as well as recovery from injury. ...
... 1. Introduction Plasticity has long been known to be a property of developing nervous systems. Although originally considered to be a developmental phenomenon, plasticity extends into adulthood as well, underlying a variety of processes, including learning and memory as well as recovery from injury. ...
IBRO 2008
... cortical neurons during behaviourally relevant activity gives the essential metric for defining cell types and their contribution to the organism. In the cortical network, accurately timed and located GABA release co-operates with the information-carrying glutamatergic inputs to govern the spike ti ...
... cortical neurons during behaviourally relevant activity gives the essential metric for defining cell types and their contribution to the organism. In the cortical network, accurately timed and located GABA release co-operates with the information-carrying glutamatergic inputs to govern the spike ti ...