Chapter 7 The Nervous System
... H. Age-related changes 11. Reduced dendrites and dendritic spines 12. Intracellular neuronal changes a. Decreased Nissl substance (ribosomes) b. In the hippocampus, particularly: ...
... H. Age-related changes 11. Reduced dendrites and dendritic spines 12. Intracellular neuronal changes a. Decreased Nissl substance (ribosomes) b. In the hippocampus, particularly: ...
Function of Basal Ganglia (Summary)
... o Typical exaggeration of associated movements during voluntary activity o Usually recovers spontaneously in 1-4 months o Still happens in the Philippines o Usually temporary o Disappears with treatment Huntington’s chorea o Autosomal dominant o Degeneration of striatal neurons o Also discovered i ...
... o Typical exaggeration of associated movements during voluntary activity o Usually recovers spontaneously in 1-4 months o Still happens in the Philippines o Usually temporary o Disappears with treatment Huntington’s chorea o Autosomal dominant o Degeneration of striatal neurons o Also discovered i ...
Responses of the Human Brain to Mild Dehydration and
... challenges of de- and rehydration by serial measurements of brain volume, tissue fluid, and metabolites. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Serial T1-weighted and 1H-MR spectroscopy data were acquired in 15 healthy individuals at normohydration, on 12 hours of dehydration, and during 1 hour of oral rehydration. ...
... challenges of de- and rehydration by serial measurements of brain volume, tissue fluid, and metabolites. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Serial T1-weighted and 1H-MR spectroscopy data were acquired in 15 healthy individuals at normohydration, on 12 hours of dehydration, and during 1 hour of oral rehydration. ...
14132.full - Explore Bristol Research
... (vlPAG) affects motor systems at multiple levels of the neuraxis through the following: (1) differential control of spinal neurons that forward sensory information to the cerebellum via spino-olivo-cerebellar pathways (nociceptive signals are reduced while proprioceptive signals are enhanced); (2) a ...
... (vlPAG) affects motor systems at multiple levels of the neuraxis through the following: (1) differential control of spinal neurons that forward sensory information to the cerebellum via spino-olivo-cerebellar pathways (nociceptive signals are reduced while proprioceptive signals are enhanced); (2) a ...
Branched thalamic afferents - the Sherman Lab
... messages and those from propioceptors must be integrated to provide the complete analysis required to sort environmental changes from self-induced ones. Typical of more conventional ideas of efference copy is the recent evidence presented by Sommer and Wurtz (2004a,b, 2008). They describe a pathway ...
... messages and those from propioceptors must be integrated to provide the complete analysis required to sort environmental changes from self-induced ones. Typical of more conventional ideas of efference copy is the recent evidence presented by Sommer and Wurtz (2004a,b, 2008). They describe a pathway ...
The Role of Ventromedial Prefrontal Cortex in Decision Making
... 2005; Volz et al. 2006), reinforcement learning, or choice tasks (reviewed in O’Doherty 2004; Montague et al. 2006). However, both single-unit and fMRI studies have found that many other areas of the brain, including midbrain nuclei, striatum, parietal cortex, and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex also ...
... 2005; Volz et al. 2006), reinforcement learning, or choice tasks (reviewed in O’Doherty 2004; Montague et al. 2006). However, both single-unit and fMRI studies have found that many other areas of the brain, including midbrain nuclei, striatum, parietal cortex, and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex also ...
D2 receptor overexpression in the striatum leads to a deficit in
... that SKF-81297 at a concentration of 1 μM significantly enhanced NMDA receptor (NMDAR) currents and trafficking in the PFC neurons (25, 26). We found that bath application of SKF-81297 (1 μM) for 10 min caused significant depression in IPSCs trains recorded from both D2R-OE and control mice. Fig. 4 A a ...
... that SKF-81297 at a concentration of 1 μM significantly enhanced NMDA receptor (NMDAR) currents and trafficking in the PFC neurons (25, 26). We found that bath application of SKF-81297 (1 μM) for 10 min caused significant depression in IPSCs trains recorded from both D2R-OE and control mice. Fig. 4 A a ...
The basic nonuniformity of the cerebral cortex
... he expansion of a cerebral cortex that varies in surface area by more than five orders of magnitude across mammals (1) is considered a key event in mammalian brain evolution (2, 3), even though evolution is not always associated with increased brain or cortical size (4). Given that the cerebral cort ...
... he expansion of a cerebral cortex that varies in surface area by more than five orders of magnitude across mammals (1) is considered a key event in mammalian brain evolution (2, 3), even though evolution is not always associated with increased brain or cortical size (4). Given that the cerebral cort ...
No Slide Title
... Figure 18-5 S (first column), FR (second column), and FF (third column) motor units of cat gastrocnemius, showing the anatomical components (A), twitch response to a single stimulus (B), and responses to intermittent bursts of action potentials (C) for each. The same time and force scale applies to ...
... Figure 18-5 S (first column), FR (second column), and FF (third column) motor units of cat gastrocnemius, showing the anatomical components (A), twitch response to a single stimulus (B), and responses to intermittent bursts of action potentials (C) for each. The same time and force scale applies to ...
Patterned, But Not Tonic, Optogenetic Stimulation in Motor
... 0.3906, p2 ⫽ 0.19), indicating that animals maintained motivation to reach and did not become satiated (Fig. 3A). The lack of any significant difference between reaching in prestimulation, during stimulation, and poststimulation periods (F(2,18) ⫽ 2.115, p ⫽ 0.1496, p2 ⫽ 0.19; Fig. 3B) confirmed t ...
... 0.3906, p2 ⫽ 0.19), indicating that animals maintained motivation to reach and did not become satiated (Fig. 3A). The lack of any significant difference between reaching in prestimulation, during stimulation, and poststimulation periods (F(2,18) ⫽ 2.115, p ⫽ 0.1496, p2 ⫽ 0.19; Fig. 3B) confirmed t ...
How Does the Brain Develop?
... blueprint outlines the house’s structure and ensures that everyone taking part in its construction is building the same house. The construction process begins with the laying of a concrete foundation. At this point, however, Mr. Higgins starts to realize that the blueprint is not as detailed as it f ...
... blueprint outlines the house’s structure and ensures that everyone taking part in its construction is building the same house. The construction process begins with the laying of a concrete foundation. At this point, however, Mr. Higgins starts to realize that the blueprint is not as detailed as it f ...
Locus coeruleus - Rice CAAM Department
... is activated by stress, and will respond by increasing norepinephrine secretion, which in turn will alter cognitive function (through the prefrontal cortex), increase motivation (through nucleus accumbens), activate the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, and increase the sympathetic discharge/inhi ...
... is activated by stress, and will respond by increasing norepinephrine secretion, which in turn will alter cognitive function (through the prefrontal cortex), increase motivation (through nucleus accumbens), activate the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, and increase the sympathetic discharge/inhi ...
Hippocampal region - NeuronDevelopment.org
... No (1934) called it CAl and divided it into three zones. Zone a is the region where scattered deep cells extend beneath the superficial cells (see short dotted line in Fig. I); Zones band c can only be distinguished in fiber-stained prepara tions and are considered a single subdivision in this chap ...
... No (1934) called it CAl and divided it into three zones. Zone a is the region where scattered deep cells extend beneath the superficial cells (see short dotted line in Fig. I); Zones band c can only be distinguished in fiber-stained prepara tions and are considered a single subdivision in this chap ...
Effects of Repeated Administration of 3,4
... 3 s) was immediately delivered to the grid floor of the dark room. After 20 s, the rat was removed from the apparatus and placed temporarily into its home cage. Two minutes later, the animal was retested in the same way as in the previous trials; if the rat did not enter the dark compartment during ...
... 3 s) was immediately delivered to the grid floor of the dark room. After 20 s, the rat was removed from the apparatus and placed temporarily into its home cage. Two minutes later, the animal was retested in the same way as in the previous trials; if the rat did not enter the dark compartment during ...
Print this article - University of Toronto Journal of Undergraduate Life
... periods of levodopa exposure [19, 24]. In addition to experimental investigations, numerous observational studies have shown that the severity and the duration of PD, the duration of levodopa therapy and high initial dose of levodopa are major risk factors associated with LIDs [20, 25, 26]. All toge ...
... periods of levodopa exposure [19, 24]. In addition to experimental investigations, numerous observational studies have shown that the severity and the duration of PD, the duration of levodopa therapy and high initial dose of levodopa are major risk factors associated with LIDs [20, 25, 26]. All toge ...
Brain-implantable biomimetic electronics as the next era in neural
... experimentally based. Second, a neural prosthetic is desired only when a physiological or cognitive function is detectably impaired (according to neurological or psychiatric criteria). Physiological/cognitive functions are the expression, not of single nerve cells, but of populations of neurons inte ...
... experimentally based. Second, a neural prosthetic is desired only when a physiological or cognitive function is detectably impaired (according to neurological or psychiatric criteria). Physiological/cognitive functions are the expression, not of single nerve cells, but of populations of neurons inte ...
Selective visual attention and perceptual coherence
... ‘nudges’ the visual system from one coherent state to another. Conscious visual experience starts with the image thrown by the scene upon the retina, where local computations immediately begin to transform the representation of stimuli according to their salience (so that, for example, objects with ...
... ‘nudges’ the visual system from one coherent state to another. Conscious visual experience starts with the image thrown by the scene upon the retina, where local computations immediately begin to transform the representation of stimuli according to their salience (so that, for example, objects with ...
Stress and Glucocorticoids Affect the Expression of Brain
... tyrosine kinase receptors including trkB(+) (containing tyrosine kinase activity), trkb(-) (without tyrosine kinase activity), and trkC (results not shown). We next asked the question whether administration of 10 mg corticosterone would mimic the effects of stress on BDNF and NT-3 expression. We cho ...
... tyrosine kinase receptors including trkB(+) (containing tyrosine kinase activity), trkb(-) (without tyrosine kinase activity), and trkC (results not shown). We next asked the question whether administration of 10 mg corticosterone would mimic the effects of stress on BDNF and NT-3 expression. We cho ...
Properties of Single Neurons Responsive to Light Mechanical
... rod, on the end of which was attached a piece of acetate plastic, 0.3 mm wide x 5.0 or 7.5 mm long, was used. These “edge” stimuli were applied normal to the skin surface, both parallel and perpendicular to the long axis of the digit on which the RF was located. Cylindrical stimuli were also applied ...
... rod, on the end of which was attached a piece of acetate plastic, 0.3 mm wide x 5.0 or 7.5 mm long, was used. These “edge” stimuli were applied normal to the skin surface, both parallel and perpendicular to the long axis of the digit on which the RF was located. Cylindrical stimuli were also applied ...
Bridging Cytoarchitectonics and Connectomics in Human Cerebral
... and females mixed, age 22–35 years; imaging parameters: voxel size 1.25 mm isotropic, TR/TE 5520/89.5 ms, 270 diffusion directions with diffusion weighting 1000, 2000, or 3000 s/mm 2) was used to reconstruct a macroscale human connectome map. Diffusion weighted imaging data processing included the f ...
... and females mixed, age 22–35 years; imaging parameters: voxel size 1.25 mm isotropic, TR/TE 5520/89.5 ms, 270 diffusion directions with diffusion weighting 1000, 2000, or 3000 s/mm 2) was used to reconstruct a macroscale human connectome map. Diffusion weighted imaging data processing included the f ...
The posterior parietal cortex: Sensorimotor interface for the planning
... leftmost column shows 3 neurons that encode target and hand position separably, in eye coordinates. Each cell is tuned for a target location in the upper visual field but one responds to rightward position (the top cell), another center, and the third leftward (bottom cell). These cells are also tun ...
... leftmost column shows 3 neurons that encode target and hand position separably, in eye coordinates. Each cell is tuned for a target location in the upper visual field but one responds to rightward position (the top cell), another center, and the third leftward (bottom cell). These cells are also tun ...
GABA transporters in the mammalian cerebral cortex - LIRA-Lab
... Whether BGT-1 (for Betaine/GABA Transporter [221]) or its mouse or human homologs contribute to GABA transport in the brain remains to be determined (see Ref. [19] for a detailed description of the discovery, homologies, and pharmacological properties of BGT-1). ...
... Whether BGT-1 (for Betaine/GABA Transporter [221]) or its mouse or human homologs contribute to GABA transport in the brain remains to be determined (see Ref. [19] for a detailed description of the discovery, homologies, and pharmacological properties of BGT-1). ...
Motor systems Basal ganglia
... disease is caused by chronic exposure to environmental chemicals similar in structure to MPTP. MPTP itself seems to be harmless, but it is converted to a toxic derivative MPP+ by monoamine oxidase B enzymes in the brain. Studies indicate that monoamine oxidase B inhibitors may help slow the course o ...
... disease is caused by chronic exposure to environmental chemicals similar in structure to MPTP. MPTP itself seems to be harmless, but it is converted to a toxic derivative MPP+ by monoamine oxidase B enzymes in the brain. Studies indicate that monoamine oxidase B inhibitors may help slow the course o ...
R eelin is expressed in the accessory olfactory system, but is not a
... fibers in the hippocampus [3,6–8]. Yip et al. [14] suggest that Reelin affects neuronal migration outside of the brain. Their data show that during development migration of sympathetic preganglionic neurons is dependent on Reelin signaling. In both of these cases Reelin protein is recognized adjacen ...
... fibers in the hippocampus [3,6–8]. Yip et al. [14] suggest that Reelin affects neuronal migration outside of the brain. Their data show that during development migration of sympathetic preganglionic neurons is dependent on Reelin signaling. In both of these cases Reelin protein is recognized adjacen ...
PLoS ONE-3
... Methodology/Principal Findings: A total dose of 15-Gy irradiation in six fractionations during 3 weeks was exposed to the forebrain including the subventricular zone (SVZ) and subgranular zone (SGZ) with male rats in the prone position. Behavioral, immunohistochemical, and neurochemical studies were ...
... Methodology/Principal Findings: A total dose of 15-Gy irradiation in six fractionations during 3 weeks was exposed to the forebrain including the subventricular zone (SVZ) and subgranular zone (SGZ) with male rats in the prone position. Behavioral, immunohistochemical, and neurochemical studies were ...