Assisted morphogenesis: glial control of dendrite
... domains are also present in a-tectorin, a major component of the tectorial membrane, a highly organized proteinaceous ECM that anchors the ciliated outer hair cells of the inner ear [35]. Mutations in dyf-7 and dex-1 exhibit genetic interactions suggestive of physical binding. Furthermore, polymeriz ...
... domains are also present in a-tectorin, a major component of the tectorial membrane, a highly organized proteinaceous ECM that anchors the ciliated outer hair cells of the inner ear [35]. Mutations in dyf-7 and dex-1 exhibit genetic interactions suggestive of physical binding. Furthermore, polymeriz ...
Basal Ganglia Functional Connectivity Based on
... nucleus accumbens). A consistent premise of these models is that functionally related cortical areas project to the same striatal area. For example, the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) and posterior parietal cortex, which are strongly interconnected, send projections to spatially overlapping ...
... nucleus accumbens). A consistent premise of these models is that functionally related cortical areas project to the same striatal area. For example, the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) and posterior parietal cortex, which are strongly interconnected, send projections to spatially overlapping ...
An Introduction to the ANS and Higher
... • 16-1 Compare the organization of the autonomic nervous system with that of the somatic nervous system. • 16-2 Describe the structures and functions of the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system. • 16-3 Describe the mechanisms of sympathetic neurotransmitter release and their effects ...
... • 16-1 Compare the organization of the autonomic nervous system with that of the somatic nervous system. • 16-2 Describe the structures and functions of the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system. • 16-3 Describe the mechanisms of sympathetic neurotransmitter release and their effects ...
Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Reduces Amyloidogenic
... 2002; Ruiz-León and Pascual, 2004), application of BDNF also raised neuronal APP levels in our experimental conditions, an effect that was seen for both Sorla⫹/⫹ and Sorla ⫺/ ⫺ neurons (Fig. 6). In neurons, BDNF signals through a variety of intracellular mediators, including MAP and AKT kinase path ...
... 2002; Ruiz-León and Pascual, 2004), application of BDNF also raised neuronal APP levels in our experimental conditions, an effect that was seen for both Sorla⫹/⫹ and Sorla ⫺/ ⫺ neurons (Fig. 6). In neurons, BDNF signals through a variety of intracellular mediators, including MAP and AKT kinase path ...
Beyond the classical receptive field: The effect of contextual stimuli
... encoding increasingly complex features. Whereas lowerlevel RFs mediate perceptual filling-in, contour integration, and figure–ground segregation, RFs at higher levels serve the perception of grouping by common fate, biological motion, and other biologically relevant stimuli, such as faces. Studies i ...
... encoding increasingly complex features. Whereas lowerlevel RFs mediate perceptual filling-in, contour integration, and figure–ground segregation, RFs at higher levels serve the perception of grouping by common fate, biological motion, and other biologically relevant stimuli, such as faces. Studies i ...
Neurons in the corpus callosum of the cat during postnatal
... boundaries of the CC, and in the adult to the rostrum of the CC close to the septum pellucidum or to the indusium griseum. Although origin and function of transient CC neurons in development and in adulthood remain unknown, they are likely to be interstitial neurons. Some of them have well-developed ...
... boundaries of the CC, and in the adult to the rostrum of the CC close to the septum pellucidum or to the indusium griseum. Although origin and function of transient CC neurons in development and in adulthood remain unknown, they are likely to be interstitial neurons. Some of them have well-developed ...
NEUROTRANSMITTER SYSTEMS IN THE VISUAL CORTEX OF
... nals, because it is confined almost entirely to neurons. Immunocytochemica1 staining with an antiserum to GAD appears to be rather uniformly distributed throughout the cortical layers of the rat (112). In the monkey visual cortex, however, distinct laminar variations in GAD immunoreactivity are pre ...
... nals, because it is confined almost entirely to neurons. Immunocytochemica1 staining with an antiserum to GAD appears to be rather uniformly distributed throughout the cortical layers of the rat (112). In the monkey visual cortex, however, distinct laminar variations in GAD immunoreactivity are pre ...
Cholinergic induction of network oscillations at 40 Hz in the
... spectrum analyses the data were filtered at 0.2 kHz with a low-pass eight-pole Bessel filter. Axograph software (Axon Instruments) was used for further analyses. For further experimental details see refs 15, 26. Earlier studies of cholinergic effects on network activity might have been expected to u ...
... spectrum analyses the data were filtered at 0.2 kHz with a low-pass eight-pole Bessel filter. Axograph software (Axon Instruments) was used for further analyses. For further experimental details see refs 15, 26. Earlier studies of cholinergic effects on network activity might have been expected to u ...
Master Thesis - Laboratory of Cerebral Cortex Development
... pattern. These cells use glutamate as excitatory neurotransmitter (Parnavelas et al. The central visual pathway. In Handbook of Chemical Neuroanatomy (vol7) Integrated System of CNS(part2, A. Bjorklund at al. eds. pp 1-164, Elsevier). Non-pyramidal cells are the cortical interneurons, a heterogeneou ...
... pattern. These cells use glutamate as excitatory neurotransmitter (Parnavelas et al. The central visual pathway. In Handbook of Chemical Neuroanatomy (vol7) Integrated System of CNS(part2, A. Bjorklund at al. eds. pp 1-164, Elsevier). Non-pyramidal cells are the cortical interneurons, a heterogeneou ...
Decoding Motor Commands in Cortico-Basal Ganglia Circuits for the
... A perievent time histogram shows a neuron activity during a certain type of event. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Flowchart for computing the perievent time histograms. . . . . . . . The build-up of the X matrix. Each row represents one point in time and its columns cont ...
... A perievent time histogram shows a neuron activity during a certain type of event. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Flowchart for computing the perievent time histograms. . . . . . . . The build-up of the X matrix. Each row represents one point in time and its columns cont ...
interactions between number and space in parietal cortex
... Figure 1 | Behavioural studies showing numerical–spatial interactions. a | The spatial–numerical association of response codes (SNARC) effect. Participants are asked to judge whether a number is even or odd. Responses to larger numbers are faster on the right side of space whereas those for smaller ...
... Figure 1 | Behavioural studies showing numerical–spatial interactions. a | The spatial–numerical association of response codes (SNARC) effect. Participants are asked to judge whether a number is even or odd. Responses to larger numbers are faster on the right side of space whereas those for smaller ...
17. Pathways and Integrative Functions
... his illness by saying, “At the moment, I feel just fine.” Alzheimer disease is a progressive dementia that debilitates the functioning of the central nervous system (CNS) and usually affects people in their 60s or over. This neurodegenerative disease causes progressive decline in memory, judgment, a ...
... his illness by saying, “At the moment, I feel just fine.” Alzheimer disease is a progressive dementia that debilitates the functioning of the central nervous system (CNS) and usually affects people in their 60s or over. This neurodegenerative disease causes progressive decline in memory, judgment, a ...
neural circuitry approaches to understanding the pathophysiology
... as ‘‘neophrenology.’’ Although these models have been useful in stimulating studies of the structure–function relationships of the implicated brain regions, they have been limited in a number of respects, including the inability to account for the array of signs and symptoms that typically constitut ...
... as ‘‘neophrenology.’’ Although these models have been useful in stimulating studies of the structure–function relationships of the implicated brain regions, they have been limited in a number of respects, including the inability to account for the array of signs and symptoms that typically constitut ...
Chapter 3
... incurable neuromuscular disease called Huntington’s disease—but these outcomes are primarily physical, not behavioral. Typically, a specific gene plays only a small part in creating a given behavior, and genetic influence itself is only part of the story. Environmental events such Genetic influence acc ...
... incurable neuromuscular disease called Huntington’s disease—but these outcomes are primarily physical, not behavioral. Typically, a specific gene plays only a small part in creating a given behavior, and genetic influence itself is only part of the story. Environmental events such Genetic influence acc ...
Development of GAP-43 mRNA in the macaque cerebral cortex
... To estimate the extent of axonal growth in various areas of the cerebral cortex, we measured the amount of GAP-43 mRNA in the cerebral cortex of developing macaque monkeys. In four areas, i.e., the prefrontal area ŽFDD ., the temporal association area ŽTE., the primary somatosensory area ŽPC., and t ...
... To estimate the extent of axonal growth in various areas of the cerebral cortex, we measured the amount of GAP-43 mRNA in the cerebral cortex of developing macaque monkeys. In four areas, i.e., the prefrontal area ŽFDD ., the temporal association area ŽTE., the primary somatosensory area ŽPC., and t ...
Ventromedial frontal cortex mediates affective shifting in
... heterogeneous group of patients. Subjects with primarily ventral frontal damage were impaired at both extinction and reversal learning, and had more severe disturbances of behaviour, when compared with those with damage outside this area. However, the anatomical speci®city of this study was limited: ...
... heterogeneous group of patients. Subjects with primarily ventral frontal damage were impaired at both extinction and reversal learning, and had more severe disturbances of behaviour, when compared with those with damage outside this area. However, the anatomical speci®city of this study was limited: ...
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation: A Neuroscientific Probe of
... Even then, selective stimulation of deep structures is currently not possible. Nevertheless, stimulation of subcortical regions of interest can be activated through transsynaptic action from stimulation of superficial cortical structures. A strength of TMS is that it can help establish causality, wh ...
... Even then, selective stimulation of deep structures is currently not possible. Nevertheless, stimulation of subcortical regions of interest can be activated through transsynaptic action from stimulation of superficial cortical structures. A strength of TMS is that it can help establish causality, wh ...
A Curious Commentary on a Book on Mirror Neurons and Other
... performing some action. The general task was match to sample (no object goal depicted). In the form version, a body part image was displayed from one actor, then two images, one from same actor and one from a different actor, were simultaneously displayed performing the same action. The task was to ...
... performing some action. The general task was match to sample (no object goal depicted). In the form version, a body part image was displayed from one actor, then two images, one from same actor and one from a different actor, were simultaneously displayed performing the same action. The task was to ...
Chapter 14: Integration of Nervous System Functions
... 1. loss of pain and thermal sensations below the injury on the left side 2. loss of pain and thermal sensations below the injury on the right side 3. loss of fine touch and pressure sensations below the injury on the left side 4. loss of fine touch and pressure sensations below the injury on right s ...
... 1. loss of pain and thermal sensations below the injury on the left side 2. loss of pain and thermal sensations below the injury on the right side 3. loss of fine touch and pressure sensations below the injury on the left side 4. loss of fine touch and pressure sensations below the injury on right s ...
Read Article - University of Northern Colorado
... cortex, the superior temporal gyri and the cerebellum. Using a related technique, but focusing on GM thickness rather than volume, Hadjikhani et al. [57] found GM thinning in autism in regions associated with the so-called mirror-neuron system, including pre- and post-central gyri, inferior frontal ...
... cortex, the superior temporal gyri and the cerebellum. Using a related technique, but focusing on GM thickness rather than volume, Hadjikhani et al. [57] found GM thinning in autism in regions associated with the so-called mirror-neuron system, including pre- and post-central gyri, inferior frontal ...
Developmental Changes Revealed by Immunohistochemical
... forming cortical layer 5. Parvalbumin immunoreactivity did not appear until 26 weeks, when stained neurons were in a sparse band of cells in layer 6 and upper subplate. Vimentin and GFAP did not -stain differentiated neuronal cells. Vimentin immunoreactivity appeared early in neuroepithelial and rad ...
... forming cortical layer 5. Parvalbumin immunoreactivity did not appear until 26 weeks, when stained neurons were in a sparse band of cells in layer 6 and upper subplate. Vimentin and GFAP did not -stain differentiated neuronal cells. Vimentin immunoreactivity appeared early in neuroepithelial and rad ...
the biological perspective
... knobs), which are responsible for communicating with other nerve cells. (See Figure 2.1.) Neurons make up a large part of the brain but they are not the only cells that affect our thinking, learning, memory, perception, and all of the other facets of life that make us who we are. The other primary c ...
... knobs), which are responsible for communicating with other nerve cells. (See Figure 2.1.) Neurons make up a large part of the brain but they are not the only cells that affect our thinking, learning, memory, perception, and all of the other facets of life that make us who we are. The other primary c ...
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... these findings are. Others have measured dopamine in tasks requiring a series of actions to obtain rewards, but have not seen reliable evidence of ramps10. Is this because ramping signals are confined to spatial navigation? Are there no dopamine ramps in our brains when we go about making coffee (Fi ...
... these findings are. Others have measured dopamine in tasks requiring a series of actions to obtain rewards, but have not seen reliable evidence of ramps10. Is this because ramping signals are confined to spatial navigation? Are there no dopamine ramps in our brains when we go about making coffee (Fi ...
Optical probing of neuronal ensemble activity
... throughout a volume from sequential recordings at different focal depths [19,21,55]. Eventually, however, comprehensive fast measurements in 3D will be required to obtain a complete picture of local network dynamics on a single-trial basis. Adding a third scan dimension does, however, exacerbate t ...
... throughout a volume from sequential recordings at different focal depths [19,21,55]. Eventually, however, comprehensive fast measurements in 3D will be required to obtain a complete picture of local network dynamics on a single-trial basis. Adding a third scan dimension does, however, exacerbate t ...
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... brightness/contrast and resolution (set at 600 ppi) with the aid of Adobe PhotoShop 6.0 software. To ascertain that postsynaptic structures contacted by human synaptophysin (ⴙ) terminals belonged to the host, rat motor neurons were identified by their morphology and size (>25 m in soma diameter) and ...
... brightness/contrast and resolution (set at 600 ppi) with the aid of Adobe PhotoShop 6.0 software. To ascertain that postsynaptic structures contacted by human synaptophysin (ⴙ) terminals belonged to the host, rat motor neurons were identified by their morphology and size (>25 m in soma diameter) and ...