Lesser
... circuitry that has remained virtually the same throughout the evolution of animals with backbones. The traditional notion that the cerebellum controls movement is being questioned by studies indicating that it is active during a wide variety of tasks. The cerebellum may be more involved in coordinat ...
... circuitry that has remained virtually the same throughout the evolution of animals with backbones. The traditional notion that the cerebellum controls movement is being questioned by studies indicating that it is active during a wide variety of tasks. The cerebellum may be more involved in coordinat ...
PDF
... brightness/contrast and resolution (set at 600 ppi) with the aid of Adobe PhotoShop 6.0 software. To ascertain that postsynaptic structures contacted by human synaptophysin (ⴙ) terminals belonged to the host, rat motor neurons were identified by their morphology and size (>25 m in soma diameter) and ...
... brightness/contrast and resolution (set at 600 ppi) with the aid of Adobe PhotoShop 6.0 software. To ascertain that postsynaptic structures contacted by human synaptophysin (ⴙ) terminals belonged to the host, rat motor neurons were identified by their morphology and size (>25 m in soma diameter) and ...
Changes of Synaptic Density in the Primary Visual Cortex of the
... diverse manners of presentations. We also decided to examine individual cases over a wide range of age, from embryonic stages to 20 years, rather than perform a cross-sectional analysis of many animals at only a few ages. This strategy provided reliable curves of overall changes in synaptic density ...
... diverse manners of presentations. We also decided to examine individual cases over a wide range of age, from embryonic stages to 20 years, rather than perform a cross-sectional analysis of many animals at only a few ages. This strategy provided reliable curves of overall changes in synaptic density ...
Cytoarchitecture of the canine perirhinal and postrhinal cortex
... have shown that the perirhinal cortex has numerous reciprocal connections with a number of cortical areas in the temporal, parietal, occipital and frontal cortex, both sensory and associative in function. Thus, it is a site of polymodal convergence where particular sensory systems can be introduced ...
... have shown that the perirhinal cortex has numerous reciprocal connections with a number of cortical areas in the temporal, parietal, occipital and frontal cortex, both sensory and associative in function. Thus, it is a site of polymodal convergence where particular sensory systems can be introduced ...
6.12 Dorsal and Ventral Streams in the Sense of Touch
... combined with input from the vestibular apparatus. stereognosis The appreciation and recognition of the form of solid objects by means of touch. tactile agnosia The inability to recognize objects by touch, in the presence of intact cutaneous and proprioceptive hand sensation. This deficit is caused ...
... combined with input from the vestibular apparatus. stereognosis The appreciation and recognition of the form of solid objects by means of touch. tactile agnosia The inability to recognize objects by touch, in the presence of intact cutaneous and proprioceptive hand sensation. This deficit is caused ...
Amygdala oscillations and the consolidation of
... Box 3. Consolidation of emotional memories Long-term memory for an event can be enhanced or reduced by manipulations performed in the hours after learning. Susceptibility of recently formed memories to post-learning manipulations was seen with electroconvulsive shocks, protein synthesis inhibitors, ...
... Box 3. Consolidation of emotional memories Long-term memory for an event can be enhanced or reduced by manipulations performed in the hours after learning. Susceptibility of recently formed memories to post-learning manipulations was seen with electroconvulsive shocks, protein synthesis inhibitors, ...
Mirror neurons and their clinical relevance
... rather than the movements from which they are constructed.8,9 The PFG and anterior intraparietal areas are both connected with the F5 area and the cortex of the superior temporal sulcus. Neurons in the superior temporial sulcus have complex visual properties, and some respond to the observation of m ...
... rather than the movements from which they are constructed.8,9 The PFG and anterior intraparietal areas are both connected with the F5 area and the cortex of the superior temporal sulcus. Neurons in the superior temporial sulcus have complex visual properties, and some respond to the observation of m ...
Visuomotor development
... Coordinate system transformation and the inverse kinematics problem The concepts of reference frames and coordinate systems are used widely in the study of eye and limb movements. A reference frame is invoked when an experimental result is described: for example, describing the position of eyes rela ...
... Coordinate system transformation and the inverse kinematics problem The concepts of reference frames and coordinate systems are used widely in the study of eye and limb movements. A reference frame is invoked when an experimental result is described: for example, describing the position of eyes rela ...
Cortex, Cognition and the Cell: New Insights into the Pyramidal
... pyramidal cell phenotype may determine the complexity of cortical circuitry and, in turn, influence neural activity. Data obtained from thousands of individually injected pyramidal cells in sensory, motor, association and executive cortex reveal marked differences in the numbers of putative excitato ...
... pyramidal cell phenotype may determine the complexity of cortical circuitry and, in turn, influence neural activity. Data obtained from thousands of individually injected pyramidal cells in sensory, motor, association and executive cortex reveal marked differences in the numbers of putative excitato ...
The Journal of Neuroscience http://jneurosci.msubmit.net Ana
... showed a similar CA3 apical dendritic remodeling in response to 3 weeks of CRS to that previously described for rats. Haploinsufficient BDNF mice (BDNF+/-) did not show such remodeling, but, even without CRS, they presented shorter and simplified CA3 apical dendritic arbors, like those observed in s ...
... showed a similar CA3 apical dendritic remodeling in response to 3 weeks of CRS to that previously described for rats. Haploinsufficient BDNF mice (BDNF+/-) did not show such remodeling, but, even without CRS, they presented shorter and simplified CA3 apical dendritic arbors, like those observed in s ...
Sequential Development of Electrical and Chemical Synaptic
... Fundacion Antorchas grant to A.M.-B., and National Institute of General Medical Sciences Training Grant T32AG00216 to F.J.E. We thank Panvera for supplying the dyes. We thank Pablo E. Schilman for assistance with statistical analyses and comments on this manuscript. *A.M.-B. and F.J.E. contributed e ...
... Fundacion Antorchas grant to A.M.-B., and National Institute of General Medical Sciences Training Grant T32AG00216 to F.J.E. We thank Panvera for supplying the dyes. We thank Pablo E. Schilman for assistance with statistical analyses and comments on this manuscript. *A.M.-B. and F.J.E. contributed e ...
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[PDF]
... spaces are well known and easily defined. The mathematical problem is circumscribed. In other cortical areas, such as high-order visual areas or motor areas, the parameter spaces are less well known, difficult to define precisely, and much more highly dimensional. In a recent series of experiments, ...
... spaces are well known and easily defined. The mathematical problem is circumscribed. In other cortical areas, such as high-order visual areas or motor areas, the parameter spaces are less well known, difficult to define precisely, and much more highly dimensional. In a recent series of experiments, ...
Role of Nitric Oxide on Dopamine Release and Morphine
... prevent the effects of NO on DA transmission. It seems that NO has 2 different mechanisms to control DA release. One mechanism is indirect, involving regulation of ACh input to switch nAChRs off. Shifting nAChRs off reduces DA release at low frequencies of stimulation, but increases sensitivity of D ...
... prevent the effects of NO on DA transmission. It seems that NO has 2 different mechanisms to control DA release. One mechanism is indirect, involving regulation of ACh input to switch nAChRs off. Shifting nAChRs off reduces DA release at low frequencies of stimulation, but increases sensitivity of D ...
Behavioral verification of associative learning in whisker
... respiration and eye movements (Misslin 2003). Differences in the level of freezing during CS presentations are used to infer alterations in the acquisition or expression of CS fear. Many reports suggest that fear conditioning is a direct function of the intensity of the UCS. For example, Morris and ...
... respiration and eye movements (Misslin 2003). Differences in the level of freezing during CS presentations are used to infer alterations in the acquisition or expression of CS fear. Many reports suggest that fear conditioning is a direct function of the intensity of the UCS. For example, Morris and ...
Inhibitory interneurons in the piriform cortex
... Broadly speaking, interneurons could control three different components of the neuronal network: (i) dendritic inputs; (ii) axonal outputs; and (iii) long-range connections between interneuron assemblies.22 An example of PC interneuron control of dendritic inputs is their participation in the induct ...
... Broadly speaking, interneurons could control three different components of the neuronal network: (i) dendritic inputs; (ii) axonal outputs; and (iii) long-range connections between interneuron assemblies.22 An example of PC interneuron control of dendritic inputs is their participation in the induct ...
Viral vector-based tools advance knowledge of basal ganglia
... patients have difficulty initiating movement (akinesia), movements are slower (bradykinesia), and patients experience postural rigidity and resting tremor (Albin et al. 1989). The primary pathology of PD is loss of midbrain dopamine neurons. Although PD is considered a motor disorder, many patients ...
... patients have difficulty initiating movement (akinesia), movements are slower (bradykinesia), and patients experience postural rigidity and resting tremor (Albin et al. 1989). The primary pathology of PD is loss of midbrain dopamine neurons. Although PD is considered a motor disorder, many patients ...
Effects of acetylcholine on neuronal properties in entorhinal cortex James G. Heys
... cholinergic dependent modulation of EC function. This paper can be read independently or in concert with Newman et al. (2012) in the same issue, which provides a further description of the behavioral correlates of cholinergic modulation that relate to the function of EC. This review is broken into f ...
... cholinergic dependent modulation of EC function. This paper can be read independently or in concert with Newman et al. (2012) in the same issue, which provides a further description of the behavioral correlates of cholinergic modulation that relate to the function of EC. This review is broken into f ...
Schwartz
... and spatial frequency maps were severely disturbed in the region of the focus but were unaltered in the surrounding cortex. Thus, optical imaging of intrinsic signals can be used to simultaneously map epilepsy and normal functional anatomy with high spatial resolution. ...
... and spatial frequency maps were severely disturbed in the region of the focus but were unaltered in the surrounding cortex. Thus, optical imaging of intrinsic signals can be used to simultaneously map epilepsy and normal functional anatomy with high spatial resolution. ...
Cortical Maps - White Rose Research Online
... one might graph the excitation of one neuron by another against the distance that separates them in the tissue. Or an interaction may be described in terms of the functional relationships between neurons, as one might graph the correspondence between neurons as a function of the similarity of their ...
... one might graph the excitation of one neuron by another against the distance that separates them in the tissue. Or an interaction may be described in terms of the functional relationships between neurons, as one might graph the correspondence between neurons as a function of the similarity of their ...
Acetylcholine Facilitates Recovery of Episodic Memory after Brain
... of cognitive processes, including episodic memory, which is impaired in Alzheimer’s disease, in which there is a decrease in acetylcholine innervation (for review, see Bartus, 2000). However, systemic administration of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors produces only small acute improvements in memory ...
... of cognitive processes, including episodic memory, which is impaired in Alzheimer’s disease, in which there is a decrease in acetylcholine innervation (for review, see Bartus, 2000). However, systemic administration of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors produces only small acute improvements in memory ...
The influence of current direction on phosphene
... phenes than currents flowing in the opposite direction. The same directional preference was reported by Amassian et al. (1994) for the visual extinction effect. An induced current passing the occipital pole from left to right disturbed the perception of visual stimuli in the right visual hemifield a ...
... phenes than currents flowing in the opposite direction. The same directional preference was reported by Amassian et al. (1994) for the visual extinction effect. An induced current passing the occipital pole from left to right disturbed the perception of visual stimuli in the right visual hemifield a ...
Motor areas of the frontal lobe by Jarrod Blinch
... this information to infer how the brain is organised. This is high-level research into human movement; low-level research, for example, would be a neurophysiologist who studies the cellular behaviour of the nervous system. Topics investigated in my field include human information processing, attenti ...
... this information to infer how the brain is organised. This is high-level research into human movement; low-level research, for example, would be a neurophysiologist who studies the cellular behaviour of the nervous system. Topics investigated in my field include human information processing, attenti ...
Spinal Cord-Evoked Potentials and Muscle Responses Evoked by
... column stimulators were implanted for treatment of pain and not for the purpose of these experiments. Neuroleptic anesthesia (1–3 mg of midazolam, i.v.) was used in all patients. Each patient was positioned prone and then prepped and draped from the mid to lower thoracic spine. L ocal anesthesia usi ...
... column stimulators were implanted for treatment of pain and not for the purpose of these experiments. Neuroleptic anesthesia (1–3 mg of midazolam, i.v.) was used in all patients. Each patient was positioned prone and then prepped and draped from the mid to lower thoracic spine. L ocal anesthesia usi ...
PROGRAMME and ABSTRACTS
... Therapeutic approaches targeting Aβ cascade in Alzheimer’s disease Symposium X: Stroke-Induced Brain Reorganization Organizer and Chair: Jolanta Skangiel-Kramska (Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology PAS, Warszawa, Poland) Mathias Hoehn (Max-Planck Institute for Neurological Research, Köln, Germ ...
... Therapeutic approaches targeting Aβ cascade in Alzheimer’s disease Symposium X: Stroke-Induced Brain Reorganization Organizer and Chair: Jolanta Skangiel-Kramska (Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology PAS, Warszawa, Poland) Mathias Hoehn (Max-Planck Institute for Neurological Research, Köln, Germ ...
Preferential Termination of Corticorubral Axons on Spine
... Formvar-coated single-slot grids, and observed with an electron microscope (1200EX; Jeol, Tokyo, Japan). The light micrographs were referred to to find the corresponding profiles under the electron microscope. To examine whether the selection of axonal swellings described above caused a sampling bia ...
... Formvar-coated single-slot grids, and observed with an electron microscope (1200EX; Jeol, Tokyo, Japan). The light micrographs were referred to to find the corresponding profiles under the electron microscope. To examine whether the selection of axonal swellings described above caused a sampling bia ...