Spike-Timing-Dependent Hebbian Plasticity as
... Wagner, 1996; Zhang, Tao, Holt, Harris, & Poo, 1998; Bi & Poo, 1998; Sejnowski, 1999). Information regarding the postsynaptic activity of the cell is conveyed back to the dendritic locations of synapses by backpropagating action potentials from the soma (Stuart & Sakmann, 1994). In this article, we ...
... Wagner, 1996; Zhang, Tao, Holt, Harris, & Poo, 1998; Bi & Poo, 1998; Sejnowski, 1999). Information regarding the postsynaptic activity of the cell is conveyed back to the dendritic locations of synapses by backpropagating action potentials from the soma (Stuart & Sakmann, 1994). In this article, we ...
pdf
... The patient underwent three fMRI sessions and three EEG sessions at different time points: (1) before the rTMS session (2) directly after the rTMS session and (3) after relapse. For the fMRI results comparisons were made between the three time points. For EEG a source localized comparison using sLOR ...
... The patient underwent three fMRI sessions and three EEG sessions at different time points: (1) before the rTMS session (2) directly after the rTMS session and (3) after relapse. For the fMRI results comparisons were made between the three time points. For EEG a source localized comparison using sLOR ...
Surface-view connectivity patterns of area 18 in cats
... There is also a general acceptance that each different method of subdividing cortex has its own strengths and weaknesses, and that the most reliable approach is to use multiple criteria and converging evidence from different procedures. In cats, visual cortex has been divided using several criteria ...
... There is also a general acceptance that each different method of subdividing cortex has its own strengths and weaknesses, and that the most reliable approach is to use multiple criteria and converging evidence from different procedures. In cats, visual cortex has been divided using several criteria ...
Cortical activation and synchronization during sentence
... listening in five high-functioning autistic participants showed less left-lateralization (compared with the control group) in the perisylvian and temporal areas (Müller et al., 1999). Moreover, a morphometric study has shown that these two areas, LIFG and the posterior LSTG, show a reversal of the ...
... listening in five high-functioning autistic participants showed less left-lateralization (compared with the control group) in the perisylvian and temporal areas (Müller et al., 1999). Moreover, a morphometric study has shown that these two areas, LIFG and the posterior LSTG, show a reversal of the ...
The Familial Dysautonomia disease gene, Ikbkap/Elp1, is required
... central canal was altered: their morphology was less elaborate and they were less likely to be juxtaposed to one another than they were in the controls (Fig. 4 g-i). Compared to controls, more sections from CKO mice were completely devoid of PKD2L1+ cells either surrounding the central canal and/or ...
... central canal was altered: their morphology was less elaborate and they were less likely to be juxtaposed to one another than they were in the controls (Fig. 4 g-i). Compared to controls, more sections from CKO mice were completely devoid of PKD2L1+ cells either surrounding the central canal and/or ...
Perception of Motion, Depth, and Form
... a random assortment of equally connected areas.There is substantial evidence for two major processing pathways, a dorsal one to the posterior parietal cortex and a ventral one to the inferior temporal cortex, but other pathways may also exist. Second, there is strong evidence that the processingin t ...
... a random assortment of equally connected areas.There is substantial evidence for two major processing pathways, a dorsal one to the posterior parietal cortex and a ventral one to the inferior temporal cortex, but other pathways may also exist. Second, there is strong evidence that the processingin t ...
Neuroimaging of cognitive functions in human parietal cortex Jody C
... MA 02139, USA; e-mail: [email protected] ...
... MA 02139, USA; e-mail: [email protected] ...
Synaptic and extrasynaptic traces of long-term memory
... One challenge in understanding memory is the difficulty of modeling the information flow between neurons. To appreciate the problem, it is enough to point out that in the rat hippocampus, a typical pyramidal cell has about 30,000 excitatory synapses (Megías et al., 2001); in the mouse cerebral cort ...
... One challenge in understanding memory is the difficulty of modeling the information flow between neurons. To appreciate the problem, it is enough to point out that in the rat hippocampus, a typical pyramidal cell has about 30,000 excitatory synapses (Megías et al., 2001); in the mouse cerebral cort ...
Redgrave - people.vcu.edu
... concerning the sources of short-latency sensory inputs to midbrain DA neurons. Because most experiments analysing the sensory properties of DA neurons have used visual stimuli2,9, from this point we concentrate on probable visual afferents to the ventral midbrain. Note also that our use of the term ...
... concerning the sources of short-latency sensory inputs to midbrain DA neurons. Because most experiments analysing the sensory properties of DA neurons have used visual stimuli2,9, from this point we concentrate on probable visual afferents to the ventral midbrain. Note also that our use of the term ...
Some Analogies Between Visual Cortical and Genetic Maps
... One of the central ideas of modern genetics is that a particular gene contains the instructions to make a particular protein that has a specific function. One example is the system of genes for photoreceptor proteins. Recently, Nathans et aj30 have mapped the DNA sequences of the genes for the rod a ...
... One of the central ideas of modern genetics is that a particular gene contains the instructions to make a particular protein that has a specific function. One example is the system of genes for photoreceptor proteins. Recently, Nathans et aj30 have mapped the DNA sequences of the genes for the rod a ...
the premotor cortex of the monkey
... msec allowed from the onset time of the go signal to reach the target key (part 4, Fig. 1). Depression of the target key, regardless of whether it was rewarded, was followed by one of eight randomly determined “intertrial intervals” (0.8 to 2.4 set) during which the monkey was required to continue d ...
... msec allowed from the onset time of the go signal to reach the target key (part 4, Fig. 1). Depression of the target key, regardless of whether it was rewarded, was followed by one of eight randomly determined “intertrial intervals” (0.8 to 2.4 set) during which the monkey was required to continue d ...
Kenji Doya 2001
... the course of learning was a big surprise to theoretical neuroscientists who were familiar with TD learning. The response to the reward itself before learning and the response to the reward predicting sensory state after learning are exactly how the TD error (2) should behave in the course of learni ...
... the course of learning was a big surprise to theoretical neuroscientists who were familiar with TD learning. The response to the reward itself before learning and the response to the reward predicting sensory state after learning are exactly how the TD error (2) should behave in the course of learni ...
The theory of constructed emotion: an active inference account of
... Fig. 1. The classical view of emotion. The classical view of emotion includes basic emotion theories (e.g. for a review, see Tracy and Randles, 2011), causal appraisal theories (e.g. Scherer, 2009; Roseman, 2011), and theories of emotion that rely on black-box functionalism (Davis, 1992; Anderson an ...
... Fig. 1. The classical view of emotion. The classical view of emotion includes basic emotion theories (e.g. for a review, see Tracy and Randles, 2011), causal appraisal theories (e.g. Scherer, 2009; Roseman, 2011), and theories of emotion that rely on black-box functionalism (Davis, 1992; Anderson an ...
Single nucleotide polymorphism in the neuroplastin locus
... complex cognitive processes, such as language executive function and social cognition, show relatively greater genetic effects in adolescence.1 Thus, as suggested by these studies, it would seem necessary to consider both region-specific effects and developmental stage (that is, age) of individuals w ...
... complex cognitive processes, such as language executive function and social cognition, show relatively greater genetic effects in adolescence.1 Thus, as suggested by these studies, it would seem necessary to consider both region-specific effects and developmental stage (that is, age) of individuals w ...
Before and below `theory of mind`: embodied
... humans, monkeys and dogs (Buccino et al. 2004a), corroborates this hypothesis. The observed mouth actions could be either object-directed, like a human, monkey or dog biting a piece of food, or communicative, like human silent speech, monkey lip-smacking and dog barking. The results showed that the ...
... humans, monkeys and dogs (Buccino et al. 2004a), corroborates this hypothesis. The observed mouth actions could be either object-directed, like a human, monkey or dog biting a piece of food, or communicative, like human silent speech, monkey lip-smacking and dog barking. The results showed that the ...
Large-Scale Fluorescence Calcium-Imaging
... A fluorescent Ca2þ indicator molecule can bind one or more Ca2þ ions, which thereby alters the indicator’s optical properties (Tian et al. 2009; Grienberger and Konnerth 2012). In general, there are distinct classes of indicators that undergo different types of photophysical changes, such as in fluo ...
... A fluorescent Ca2þ indicator molecule can bind one or more Ca2þ ions, which thereby alters the indicator’s optical properties (Tian et al. 2009; Grienberger and Konnerth 2012). In general, there are distinct classes of indicators that undergo different types of photophysical changes, such as in fluo ...
critical political ecology
... Furthermore, this approach also implies questioning how far environmental degradation, per se may be attributed simply to capitalism, or the exploitation of industry and the state. By questioning the essentialist link between capitalism and environmental degradation, this book challenges virtually a ...
... Furthermore, this approach also implies questioning how far environmental degradation, per se may be attributed simply to capitalism, or the exploitation of industry and the state. By questioning the essentialist link between capitalism and environmental degradation, this book challenges virtually a ...
The functional organization of the intraparietal sulcus in humans and
... intraparietal sulcus (P < 0.05, small volume corrected for multiple comparisons, n = 12). That region was significantly less active when objects were encoded and recognized within the same modality (visual, tactile). L, left; R, right; A, anterior; P, posterior; pocs, postcentral sulcus; other abbre ...
... intraparietal sulcus (P < 0.05, small volume corrected for multiple comparisons, n = 12). That region was significantly less active when objects were encoded and recognized within the same modality (visual, tactile). L, left; R, right; A, anterior; P, posterior; pocs, postcentral sulcus; other abbre ...
Review Article Long-Term Memory Search across the
... Figure 2: Visual signal processing along the ventral visual stream. Photons reflected from the object surface traverse first three retinal cell layers to reach photoreceptor-containing cones and rods. Retinal image formation relies mainly on differential glutamate signalling by ON and OFF cones [19, ...
... Figure 2: Visual signal processing along the ventral visual stream. Photons reflected from the object surface traverse first three retinal cell layers to reach photoreceptor-containing cones and rods. Retinal image formation relies mainly on differential glutamate signalling by ON and OFF cones [19, ...
A simulation of parahippocampal and hippocampal structures guiding spatial navigation of
... Behavioral data indicates a role for parahippocampal regions in memory guided behavior in both spatial navigation tasks (Hagan et al., 1992) and matching tasks (Otto and Eichenbaum, 1992; Tang et al., 1997). Physiological data shows the patterns of activity in parahippocampal regions during performa ...
... Behavioral data indicates a role for parahippocampal regions in memory guided behavior in both spatial navigation tasks (Hagan et al., 1992) and matching tasks (Otto and Eichenbaum, 1992; Tang et al., 1997). Physiological data shows the patterns of activity in parahippocampal regions during performa ...
A visual processing task: Retina and V1
... TV, both brightness, or luminance, and contrast are regulated, to map the mean light level, ⟨I(x)⟩ and its fluctuations ⟨I(x)2 ⟩ to the full output range of the retina without saturation1 . Adaptation is implemented at many levels in the retina, from the photoreceptor to the ganglion circuit. There ...
... TV, both brightness, or luminance, and contrast are regulated, to map the mean light level, ⟨I(x)⟩ and its fluctuations ⟨I(x)2 ⟩ to the full output range of the retina without saturation1 . Adaptation is implemented at many levels in the retina, from the photoreceptor to the ganglion circuit. There ...
“Parcelation of the White Matter Using DTI: Insights into the
... learned, and volitional information. The corpus callosum facilitates interhemispheric interactions and integration. It is important for the performance of visual and tactile tasks that require transfer of sensory information between the cerebral hemispheres. It was demonstrated that anterior and bod ...
... learned, and volitional information. The corpus callosum facilitates interhemispheric interactions and integration. It is important for the performance of visual and tactile tasks that require transfer of sensory information between the cerebral hemispheres. It was demonstrated that anterior and bod ...
35 | the nervous system
... the new neurons will die, researchers found that an increase in the number of surviving new neurons in the hippocampus correlated with how well rats learned a new task. Interestingly, both exercise and some antidepressant medications also promote neurogenesis in the hippocampus. Stress has the oppos ...
... the new neurons will die, researchers found that an increase in the number of surviving new neurons in the hippocampus correlated with how well rats learned a new task. Interestingly, both exercise and some antidepressant medications also promote neurogenesis in the hippocampus. Stress has the oppos ...