asgn2a -- NERVOUS SYSTEM - Indiana University Bloomington
... T F Q3D. show different patterns of activity during different mental processes T F Q3D. produce activity that is the proximal or immediate cause of everything you feel, think, do. Link to Serendipity and to Brain Facts and Figures, sites with a lot of interesting information and activities about the ...
... T F Q3D. show different patterns of activity during different mental processes T F Q3D. produce activity that is the proximal or immediate cause of everything you feel, think, do. Link to Serendipity and to Brain Facts and Figures, sites with a lot of interesting information and activities about the ...
Isodirectional Tuning of Adjacent Interneurons and Pyramidal Cells
... Animal Care and Use Committee. These animals had undergone previous surgery under barbituate anesthesia for placement of both a chronic recording cylinder for acute daily recordings and a scleral eye coil for detecting eye position. The recording cylinders (19- and 25-mm diam) were positioned over t ...
... Animal Care and Use Committee. These animals had undergone previous surgery under barbituate anesthesia for placement of both a chronic recording cylinder for acute daily recordings and a scleral eye coil for detecting eye position. The recording cylinders (19- and 25-mm diam) were positioned over t ...
Age-related naturally occurring depression of
... neural precursor proliferation depression induced by the cytostatic agent methylazoxymethanol (MAM) to reduce newborn neuron number; MAM-treated rats showed an impaired performance in trace conditioning (Shors et al., 2001, 2002), but not in Morris water maze (Shors et al., 2002). Moreover, they fou ...
... neural precursor proliferation depression induced by the cytostatic agent methylazoxymethanol (MAM) to reduce newborn neuron number; MAM-treated rats showed an impaired performance in trace conditioning (Shors et al., 2001, 2002), but not in Morris water maze (Shors et al., 2002). Moreover, they fou ...
Gene expression in the rat brain: High similarity but unique
... Few differences have so far been found between various adult cortical areas, and gene expression appears more homogenous than could be expected based on their functional divergence [7,17-19]. Global studies of human cortical areas have reported large inter-individual variations [7,18] and transcript ...
... Few differences have so far been found between various adult cortical areas, and gene expression appears more homogenous than could be expected based on their functional divergence [7,17-19]. Global studies of human cortical areas have reported large inter-individual variations [7,18] and transcript ...
Role of Cerebral Cortex in Voluntary Movements
... of their contraction. Long-latency reflex responses of muscles to stretch and cutaneous stimulation are also mediated by the motor cortex; other motor areas seem to perform higher order motor functions. The supplementary motor area controls input-output coupling in motor cortex and the programming o ...
... of their contraction. Long-latency reflex responses of muscles to stretch and cutaneous stimulation are also mediated by the motor cortex; other motor areas seem to perform higher order motor functions. The supplementary motor area controls input-output coupling in motor cortex and the programming o ...
Self-Organization and Functional Role of Lateral Connections and
... lateral connectivity of the cortex is not explicitly taken into account. Such models do not explicitly replicate the activity dynamics of the visual cortex, and therefore can make only limited predictions about interactions between receptive elds and cortical function. Recent experiments have shown ...
... lateral connectivity of the cortex is not explicitly taken into account. Such models do not explicitly replicate the activity dynamics of the visual cortex, and therefore can make only limited predictions about interactions between receptive elds and cortical function. Recent experiments have shown ...
100 The Molecular and Structural Basis of Amblyopia
... Bear, 2003). Although it is now appreciated that there are many mechanisms for LTD in different brain regions, some of these are well conserved (Malenka & Bear, 2004). The study of LTD in hippocampus and visual cortex has led to a detailed understanding of how activity triggers a loss of synaptic st ...
... Bear, 2003). Although it is now appreciated that there are many mechanisms for LTD in different brain regions, some of these are well conserved (Malenka & Bear, 2004). The study of LTD in hippocampus and visual cortex has led to a detailed understanding of how activity triggers a loss of synaptic st ...
T2 - Center for Neural Basis of Cognition
... Remapping occurs at early stages of the visual hierarchy. Corollary discharge has an impact far back into the system. Remapping implies widespread connectivity in which many neurons have rapid access to information well beyond the classical receptive field. Vision is an active process of building re ...
... Remapping occurs at early stages of the visual hierarchy. Corollary discharge has an impact far back into the system. Remapping implies widespread connectivity in which many neurons have rapid access to information well beyond the classical receptive field. Vision is an active process of building re ...
Transgenic mice overexpressing the full
... TgNTRK3 per line and 7 wild type mice) with the aid of CASTGRID software package adapted to an OLYMPUS BX51 microscope (Olympus, Denmark), through the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) and pars reticulata (SNr) (Bregma − 2.46 mm to − 4.04 mm) and LC (Bregma − 5.34 mm to − 5.8 mm) according to the ...
... TgNTRK3 per line and 7 wild type mice) with the aid of CASTGRID software package adapted to an OLYMPUS BX51 microscope (Olympus, Denmark), through the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) and pars reticulata (SNr) (Bregma − 2.46 mm to − 4.04 mm) and LC (Bregma − 5.34 mm to − 5.8 mm) according to the ...
ASCENDING PATHWAYS - University of Kansas Medical Center
... Afferent neurons from muscle spindle also synapse with ascending fibers within spinal cord. Gamma motor neurons supply intrafusal fibers of muscle spindle: Regulate sensitivity of intrafusal fibers. Gamma neurons are modulated by descending fibers within spinal cord. ...
... Afferent neurons from muscle spindle also synapse with ascending fibers within spinal cord. Gamma motor neurons supply intrafusal fibers of muscle spindle: Regulate sensitivity of intrafusal fibers. Gamma neurons are modulated by descending fibers within spinal cord. ...
Multiarray silicon probes with integrated optical fibers
... neuronal activity in both in vitro and in vivo preparations (Han et al., 2009; Sohal et al., 2009; Cardin et al., 2009). For the in vivo studies, however, the distance between the stimulation and recording sites was relatively large, necessitating the use of large-amplitude light intensities (> 30 m ...
... neuronal activity in both in vitro and in vivo preparations (Han et al., 2009; Sohal et al., 2009; Cardin et al., 2009). For the in vivo studies, however, the distance between the stimulation and recording sites was relatively large, necessitating the use of large-amplitude light intensities (> 30 m ...
A Neurocomputational Instructional Indicator of Working Memory
... Kalyuga, 2006). Learners receive information primarily via their audio-visual sensory system into their sensory memory and then process it while it is temporarily retained in working memory; such processing employs schemaencoded knowledge residing permanently in long-term memory (Sweller, van Merrië ...
... Kalyuga, 2006). Learners receive information primarily via their audio-visual sensory system into their sensory memory and then process it while it is temporarily retained in working memory; such processing employs schemaencoded knowledge residing permanently in long-term memory (Sweller, van Merrië ...
29.2 Neurons - Cloudfront.net
... • Neurons transmit information in the form of electrical and chemical impulses – When a neuron is stimulated, it produces an electrical signal (action potential) within that neuron – Before it can move to the next cell it changes into a chemical signal (neurotransmitter) ...
... • Neurons transmit information in the form of electrical and chemical impulses – When a neuron is stimulated, it produces an electrical signal (action potential) within that neuron – Before it can move to the next cell it changes into a chemical signal (neurotransmitter) ...
Perceptual Expectation Evokes Category
... shape, color, and motion facilitates recognition and discrimination (e.g., Ball and Sekuler 1981; Corbetta et al. 1990; Leonard and Egeth 2008). Higher level visual priming of complex stimuli such as faces and houses has recently been shown to facilitate object recognition as well. For example, Puri ...
... shape, color, and motion facilitates recognition and discrimination (e.g., Ball and Sekuler 1981; Corbetta et al. 1990; Leonard and Egeth 2008). Higher level visual priming of complex stimuli such as faces and houses has recently been shown to facilitate object recognition as well. For example, Puri ...
Neural Mechanisms of Bias and Sensitivity in Hiroshi Nishida Muneyoshi Takahashi
... and shows that analyses of reaction times and neurophysiological measures can be used as convergent operations in the study of the mechanisms underlying decision making. A further component that influences the amount of initial sensory firing is the quantity of stimuli in the visual array. Using singl ...
... and shows that analyses of reaction times and neurophysiological measures can be used as convergent operations in the study of the mechanisms underlying decision making. A further component that influences the amount of initial sensory firing is the quantity of stimuli in the visual array. Using singl ...
Neuroscience: Science of the Brain
... Inside our heads, weighing about 1.5 kg, is an astonishing living organ consisting of billions of tiny cells. It enables us to sense the world around us, to think and to talk. The human brain is the most complex organ of the body, and arguably the most complex thing on earth. This booklet is an intr ...
... Inside our heads, weighing about 1.5 kg, is an astonishing living organ consisting of billions of tiny cells. It enables us to sense the world around us, to think and to talk. The human brain is the most complex organ of the body, and arguably the most complex thing on earth. This booklet is an intr ...
Cytokines, prostaglandins and nitric oxide in the regulation of stress
... more severe HPA axis hyperactivity. Extensive investigation over the last four decades has confirmed that hyperactivity of the HPA axis is one of the most reliable biological findings in major depression [20, 21]. In depressed patients, increased numbers of neurons expressing CRH and increased messe ...
... more severe HPA axis hyperactivity. Extensive investigation over the last four decades has confirmed that hyperactivity of the HPA axis is one of the most reliable biological findings in major depression [20, 21]. In depressed patients, increased numbers of neurons expressing CRH and increased messe ...
Very short-term plasticity in hippocampal synapses
... Lateral inhibition, however, seems inadequate to explain the magnitude of depression observed in Fig. 1; the PPR at 5 msec measured as a fraction of peak PPR is 0.45. Because the average release probability of synapses is about 0.2 (11, 14), most synapses (;80%) would fail to release a quantum of ne ...
... Lateral inhibition, however, seems inadequate to explain the magnitude of depression observed in Fig. 1; the PPR at 5 msec measured as a fraction of peak PPR is 0.45. Because the average release probability of synapses is about 0.2 (11, 14), most synapses (;80%) would fail to release a quantum of ne ...
Branching Thalamic Afferents Link Action and Perception
... In most contemporary studies of the cortex, as illustrated in Fig. 1A, thalamocortical connections dominate the functional analysis of primary cortical areas (V1, S1, A1), whereas corticocortical connections dominate the analysis of higher cortical areas (e.g., Born 2001; Mishkin et al. 1983; Sereno ...
... In most contemporary studies of the cortex, as illustrated in Fig. 1A, thalamocortical connections dominate the functional analysis of primary cortical areas (V1, S1, A1), whereas corticocortical connections dominate the analysis of higher cortical areas (e.g., Born 2001; Mishkin et al. 1983; Sereno ...
from ups
... squared distance Ž k coefficient. is highly variable from one axon to another Žrange 2100–27 500 mArmm2 , median 8850 mArmm2 .. Part of this variability is related to differences in conduction velocity. The theoretical number of axonal branches and axon initial segments activated by a given current ...
... squared distance Ž k coefficient. is highly variable from one axon to another Žrange 2100–27 500 mArmm2 , median 8850 mArmm2 .. Part of this variability is related to differences in conduction velocity. The theoretical number of axonal branches and axon initial segments activated by a given current ...
Full version (PDF file)
... and primates. The density of CR+ neurons decreases with increasing depth in neocortex and therefore they are quite rare in infragranular layers, when compared to the supragranular ones. The CR+ neurons most commonly possess bipolar or bitufted (two tufts of dendrites originating from the opposite ce ...
... and primates. The density of CR+ neurons decreases with increasing depth in neocortex and therefore they are quite rare in infragranular layers, when compared to the supragranular ones. The CR+ neurons most commonly possess bipolar or bitufted (two tufts of dendrites originating from the opposite ce ...
Insular cortex – review
... Perceiving your own body state and being emotionally aware of processes occurring in order to maintain your inner balance is very important from the aspect of social interactions as well. That is because we recognize the same subjective feeling states we once experienced in others. It is a basis in ...
... Perceiving your own body state and being emotionally aware of processes occurring in order to maintain your inner balance is very important from the aspect of social interactions as well. That is because we recognize the same subjective feeling states we once experienced in others. It is a basis in ...
Learning Strengthens the Response of Primary Visual Cortex to
... may have shifted toward the trained stimulus. The observed changes in V1 could be produced locally or could result from feedback from higher cortical areas. Studies of V1 with single-unit recording report different neural effects of learning than those observed here [14–16]. None of the studies repo ...
... may have shifted toward the trained stimulus. The observed changes in V1 could be produced locally or could result from feedback from higher cortical areas. Studies of V1 with single-unit recording report different neural effects of learning than those observed here [14–16]. None of the studies repo ...
Imitation as Faithful Copying of a Novel Technique in Marmoset
... skills by imitation. The prevalent assumption of primatologists and developmental psychologists is that monkeys are only capable of simpler forms of social learning such as response facilitation, socially aided trial and error learning, and stimulus enhancement [20–22]. The present data, however, pr ...
... skills by imitation. The prevalent assumption of primatologists and developmental psychologists is that monkeys are only capable of simpler forms of social learning such as response facilitation, socially aided trial and error learning, and stimulus enhancement [20–22]. The present data, however, pr ...