Long, intrinsic horizontal axons radiating through and beyond rat
... were made into PMBSF. Anterograde transport of the tracer revealed cases where long, intrinsic horizontal axons projected through gray matter out from PMBSF and across boundaries into visual and auditory cortical areas (Frostig et al. 2008; Stehberg et al. 2014). Similar long-range horizontal projec ...
... were made into PMBSF. Anterograde transport of the tracer revealed cases where long, intrinsic horizontal axons projected through gray matter out from PMBSF and across boundaries into visual and auditory cortical areas (Frostig et al. 2008; Stehberg et al. 2014). Similar long-range horizontal projec ...
the organization of behavioral repertoire in motor cortex
... 2002). These findings have led to some uncertainty about the role of primary motor cortex and its relationship to premotor cortex. An alternative way to understand the relationship among the cortical motor areas was recently suggested by a set of electrical stimulation experiments. We stimulated site ...
... 2002). These findings have led to some uncertainty about the role of primary motor cortex and its relationship to premotor cortex. An alternative way to understand the relationship among the cortical motor areas was recently suggested by a set of electrical stimulation experiments. We stimulated site ...
Chronic stress prior to hippocampal stroke
... isoflurane. During the 3–4 min of anesthesia, 0.70 mL of blood was collected from the tail vein. Blood was sampled using a heparinized butterfly catheter. Blood samples were then transferred to centrifuge tubes and plasma was obtained by centrifugation at 5000 rpm for 5 min. The plasma samples were st ...
... isoflurane. During the 3–4 min of anesthesia, 0.70 mL of blood was collected from the tail vein. Blood was sampled using a heparinized butterfly catheter. Blood samples were then transferred to centrifuge tubes and plasma was obtained by centrifugation at 5000 rpm for 5 min. The plasma samples were st ...
Inan et al., 2006
... layer IV) on a vibratome (VT1000S; Leica) into 50-m-thick tangential sections. Sections were then mounted and dried for 1 d on a slide warmer at 37°C. Slides were dehydrated and rehydrated in graded alcohol, then fixed in 10% formalin (Sigma, St. Louis, MO) and stained with 0.2% cresyl violet solut ...
... layer IV) on a vibratome (VT1000S; Leica) into 50-m-thick tangential sections. Sections were then mounted and dried for 1 d on a slide warmer at 37°C. Slides were dehydrated and rehydrated in graded alcohol, then fixed in 10% formalin (Sigma, St. Louis, MO) and stained with 0.2% cresyl violet solut ...
High acetylcholine sets circuit dynamics for attention and
... The direct depolarization of interneurons is consistent with the fact that nicotinic receptor activation causes an increase in GABA currents in hippocampal pyramidal cells and interneurons (Alkondon and Albuquerque, 2001). Similarly, in the neocortex, there is a selective nicotinic depolarization of ...
... The direct depolarization of interneurons is consistent with the fact that nicotinic receptor activation causes an increase in GABA currents in hippocampal pyramidal cells and interneurons (Alkondon and Albuquerque, 2001). Similarly, in the neocortex, there is a selective nicotinic depolarization of ...
Effects of Cannabidiol (CBD) on Regional Cerebral Blood Flow
... Department of Neuropsychiatry and Medical Psychology, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Brazil; 2Division of Informatics, Heart Institute (InCor), Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, Brazil; 3Department of Medical Clinic, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Pr ...
... Department of Neuropsychiatry and Medical Psychology, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Brazil; 2Division of Informatics, Heart Institute (InCor), Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, Brazil; 3Department of Medical Clinic, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Pr ...
Striate cortex increases contrast gain of macaque LGN neurons
... cell’s response to drifting gratings, divided by contrast, was substantially reduced for both magnocellular and parvocellular neurons usually within 2–5 min after cooling had begun. Recovery to baseline values after cooling generally took 10–15 min but sometimes longer. On average, pre-cooling and r ...
... cell’s response to drifting gratings, divided by contrast, was substantially reduced for both magnocellular and parvocellular neurons usually within 2–5 min after cooling had begun. Recovery to baseline values after cooling generally took 10–15 min but sometimes longer. On average, pre-cooling and r ...
A framework for the first-person internal sensation of visual
... potential, neuronal firing is non-specific with regards to its inputs. For example, in a pyramidal neuron with thousands of inputs, the arrival of nearly any set of 40 excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs) at the axonal hillock can lead to its firing (Palmer et al. 2014). (2) Secondly, dependin ...
... potential, neuronal firing is non-specific with regards to its inputs. For example, in a pyramidal neuron with thousands of inputs, the arrival of nearly any set of 40 excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs) at the axonal hillock can lead to its firing (Palmer et al. 2014). (2) Secondly, dependin ...
Cognitive Impairment in Schizophrenia: Neurobiology
... stimuli, filter out irrelevant stimuli, remember new information, engage 98% of patients in social interactions, with schizophrenia and perform exhibit cognitive many other higher-order impairment.10 thought processes, is critical to successfully navigating the world.9 Yet, an estimated 98% of patie ...
... stimuli, filter out irrelevant stimuli, remember new information, engage 98% of patients in social interactions, with schizophrenia and perform exhibit cognitive many other higher-order impairment.10 thought processes, is critical to successfully navigating the world.9 Yet, an estimated 98% of patie ...
Cell Type-Specific, Presynaptic LTP of Inhibitory Synapses on Fast
... In the present study we classified GABAergic interneurons into FS and non-FS types based on electrophysiological properties, as reported previously (Sarihi et al., 2008). In FS-GABA neurons, test electrical stimulation given to layer II/III at 0.05 Hz under blockade of AMPA and NMDA receptors elicit ...
... In the present study we classified GABAergic interneurons into FS and non-FS types based on electrophysiological properties, as reported previously (Sarihi et al., 2008). In FS-GABA neurons, test electrical stimulation given to layer II/III at 0.05 Hz under blockade of AMPA and NMDA receptors elicit ...
Cholinergic modulation of cognitive processing: insights drawn from computational models Kishan Gupta
... There are two general classes of acetylcholine receptors that can be dissociated by their binding affinity for muscarine and nicotine. At present, computational models of cholinergic function do not usually focus on dissociating the contribution of each of these receptor types. However, each has dis ...
... There are two general classes of acetylcholine receptors that can be dissociated by their binding affinity for muscarine and nicotine. At present, computational models of cholinergic function do not usually focus on dissociating the contribution of each of these receptor types. However, each has dis ...
The Constructive Nature of Visual Processing
... have more than 30 areas. Although not all visual areas in humans have yet been identified, the number is likely to be at least as great as in the macaque. If one includes oculomotor areas and prefrontal areas contributing to visual memory, almost half of the cerebral cortex is involved with vision. ...
... have more than 30 areas. Although not all visual areas in humans have yet been identified, the number is likely to be at least as great as in the macaque. If one includes oculomotor areas and prefrontal areas contributing to visual memory, almost half of the cerebral cortex is involved with vision. ...
Physiological Plasticity of Single Neurons in Auditory Cortex of the
... at the beginning of a session to produce a brief (2-5 s) pupillary dilation. The US was delivered to the subcutaneous tissue of the forepaw contralateral to the recording site via a pair of fine wire electrodes. Pupillary size was monitored by an infrared pupillometer (Cassady, Farley, Weinberger, & ...
... at the beginning of a session to produce a brief (2-5 s) pupillary dilation. The US was delivered to the subcutaneous tissue of the forepaw contralateral to the recording site via a pair of fine wire electrodes. Pupillary size was monitored by an infrared pupillometer (Cassady, Farley, Weinberger, & ...
Connections Between the Retrosplenial Cortex and the
... area C A I , and a small number of nonpyramidal neurons at the border of stratum radiatum and stratum moleculare, predominantly in area C A I (Fig. 6D). A dense cluster of neurons in the dorsal (septal) one-third of the subiculum (Fig. 6A) also projects to Rgb, as does a band of neurons in the deep ...
... area C A I , and a small number of nonpyramidal neurons at the border of stratum radiatum and stratum moleculare, predominantly in area C A I (Fig. 6D). A dense cluster of neurons in the dorsal (septal) one-third of the subiculum (Fig. 6A) also projects to Rgb, as does a band of neurons in the deep ...
Mirror Neurons: Findings and Functions
... has shown that when single or paired pulse TMS is applied to the human motor cortex, it causes a temporary increase in cortical motor excitability (Nitsche & Paulus, 2001). This increase induces contralateral muscle activation called Motor Evoked Potential (MEP), which can be measured from these mus ...
... has shown that when single or paired pulse TMS is applied to the human motor cortex, it causes a temporary increase in cortical motor excitability (Nitsche & Paulus, 2001). This increase induces contralateral muscle activation called Motor Evoked Potential (MEP), which can be measured from these mus ...
pdf file. - Harvard Vision Lab
... unilateral inactivations would eliminate corollary discharge for contraversive saccades only. Therefore shifts accompanying contraversive saccades, but not ipsiversive saccades, should be impaired. This is exactly what we found (Fig. 4c). Overall, we found that activity at the FF decreased during in ...
... unilateral inactivations would eliminate corollary discharge for contraversive saccades only. Therefore shifts accompanying contraversive saccades, but not ipsiversive saccades, should be impaired. This is exactly what we found (Fig. 4c). Overall, we found that activity at the FF decreased during in ...
- Journal of Vestibular Research
... (5HIAA)-in medial vestibular nuclei (MVN), locus coeruleus, raphe dorsalis, and cochlear nuclei. The study was conducted 6 hours after UL in both strains, differing by the functional optokinetic responses of their central vestibular neurons and the time-course of their vestibular compensation. The r ...
... (5HIAA)-in medial vestibular nuclei (MVN), locus coeruleus, raphe dorsalis, and cochlear nuclei. The study was conducted 6 hours after UL in both strains, differing by the functional optokinetic responses of their central vestibular neurons and the time-course of their vestibular compensation. The r ...
Surround suppression explained by long-range
... wide-field stimulation with natural scenes promotes more selective and less correlated excitatory activity14, 15 , while inhibitory activity becomes stronger and less selective15 . How does this reduction in response correlation come about, given the prevalence of strong spatial and temporal correl ...
... wide-field stimulation with natural scenes promotes more selective and less correlated excitatory activity14, 15 , while inhibitory activity becomes stronger and less selective15 . How does this reduction in response correlation come about, given the prevalence of strong spatial and temporal correl ...
Alcoholism - Boston University Medical Campus
... orbitofrontal cortex, and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex). Specifically, we investigated white matter tracts projecting from dorsolateral prefrontal cortex [superior longitudinal fascicle (SLF) II and III], cingulate cortex (cingulum bundle), and orbitofrontal cortex (orbitofrontal cortex white matte ...
... orbitofrontal cortex, and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex). Specifically, we investigated white matter tracts projecting from dorsolateral prefrontal cortex [superior longitudinal fascicle (SLF) II and III], cingulate cortex (cingulum bundle), and orbitofrontal cortex (orbitofrontal cortex white matte ...
lmmunocytochemical Mapping of 18236, A Brain
... Attempts to define the specific properties of the nervous system have generally begun with comparative analysis of its chemical or functional differences with cells of other organ systems, Likewise, attempts to clarify the uniquely complex structural organization of the brain were first approached t ...
... Attempts to define the specific properties of the nervous system have generally begun with comparative analysis of its chemical or functional differences with cells of other organ systems, Likewise, attempts to clarify the uniquely complex structural organization of the brain were first approached t ...
Interactions between attention, context and learning in primary
... One must also allow for possible contributions from feedback connections in the global response properties of cortical neurons. It has been suggested, by looking at the effect of inactivation of V2 on center-surround interactions in V1 (Hupe, James, Payne, Lomber, Girard & Bullier, 1998) and because ...
... One must also allow for possible contributions from feedback connections in the global response properties of cortical neurons. It has been suggested, by looking at the effect of inactivation of V2 on center-surround interactions in V1 (Hupe, James, Payne, Lomber, Girard & Bullier, 1998) and because ...
Document
... important for understanding the functional role of this network during normal circumstances and under pathophysiological conditions, for example in the case of epilepsy. How the properties of neurons and synapses within area CA3 change in aged animals. It is well known that aged animals are cognitiv ...
... important for understanding the functional role of this network during normal circumstances and under pathophysiological conditions, for example in the case of epilepsy. How the properties of neurons and synapses within area CA3 change in aged animals. It is well known that aged animals are cognitiv ...
remembering familiar people: the posterior cingulate cortex and
... and friends. The caudal part of the left posterior cingulate cortex was the most strongly activated region and was signi¢cantly activated in all eight subjects studied. Most subjects also showed signi¢cant activation of the left anterior orbitomedial, anterior middle frontal, precuneus, cuneus, and ...
... and friends. The caudal part of the left posterior cingulate cortex was the most strongly activated region and was signi¢cantly activated in all eight subjects studied. Most subjects also showed signi¢cant activation of the left anterior orbitomedial, anterior middle frontal, precuneus, cuneus, and ...
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... tones was fixed for each animal (5, 7.5, and 15 pps, n ⫽ 4, 2, and 4 rats, respectively). All tones had 3-ms onset and offset ramps. The tones paired with BF stimulation were 250 ms in duration except for the tone trains that were composed of 25-ms tones. To establish the specificity of BF pairing, ...
... tones was fixed for each animal (5, 7.5, and 15 pps, n ⫽ 4, 2, and 4 rats, respectively). All tones had 3-ms onset and offset ramps. The tones paired with BF stimulation were 250 ms in duration except for the tone trains that were composed of 25-ms tones. To establish the specificity of BF pairing, ...
KIDS, Inc. - School Neuropsychology
... hearing and equilibrium in the inner ear) – Abducens (the eye muscles) ...
... hearing and equilibrium in the inner ear) – Abducens (the eye muscles) ...