Responses of primate frontal cortex neurons during natural vocal
... evidence are frequently cited in support of this theory. First, neurons in both primate subcortical motor nuclei, such as periaqueductal gray (PAG), and cingulate cortex exhibit vocal-motor related changes in activity (Jurgens 2002; Larson and Kistler 1986). Complementary studies found that microsti ...
... evidence are frequently cited in support of this theory. First, neurons in both primate subcortical motor nuclei, such as periaqueductal gray (PAG), and cingulate cortex exhibit vocal-motor related changes in activity (Jurgens 2002; Larson and Kistler 1986). Complementary studies found that microsti ...
When the Sun Prickles Your Nose: An EEG Study Identifying
... expiratory phase (described in detail by [1,2,11]). It is concluded that the sneezing reflex might be modulated by voluntary cortical mechanisms. Furthermore, Songa & Cingi [2] reported that sneezing could result from central nervous system pathologies, such as epilepsy or psychogenic pathologies. H ...
... expiratory phase (described in detail by [1,2,11]). It is concluded that the sneezing reflex might be modulated by voluntary cortical mechanisms. Furthermore, Songa & Cingi [2] reported that sneezing could result from central nervous system pathologies, such as epilepsy or psychogenic pathologies. H ...
Electrical stimulation of neural tissue to evoke behavioral responses
... estimate how far from the electrode tip current activates neural tissue mediating behaviors such as eating (Olds, 1958), self-stimulation (Wise, 1972; Fouriezos and Wise, 1984; Milner and Laferriere, 1986), and circling behavior (Yeomans et al., 1984, 1986). The method used by Fouriezos and Wise (19 ...
... estimate how far from the electrode tip current activates neural tissue mediating behaviors such as eating (Olds, 1958), self-stimulation (Wise, 1972; Fouriezos and Wise, 1984; Milner and Laferriere, 1986), and circling behavior (Yeomans et al., 1984, 1986). The method used by Fouriezos and Wise (19 ...
Electrical Synapses between Dopaminergic Neurons of the
... an intercellular communication. Recent studies report the expression of connexins (Cx) in DA neurons in juvenile rats (Leung et al., 2002) but also an absence of dye coupling in these cells (Lin et al., 2003). Thus, gap junctional communication between DA neurons remains to be clarified. Furthermore ...
... an intercellular communication. Recent studies report the expression of connexins (Cx) in DA neurons in juvenile rats (Leung et al., 2002) but also an absence of dye coupling in these cells (Lin et al., 2003). Thus, gap junctional communication between DA neurons remains to be clarified. Furthermore ...
Anomalous Prefrontal-Subcortical Activation in
... Parents were diagnosed using the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis I Disorders–Patient Edition (SCID-I/P).26 Family history was obtained using the Family History–Research Diagnostic Criteria.27 Children were assessed with the affective module of the Washington University in St Louis Kidd ...
... Parents were diagnosed using the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis I Disorders–Patient Edition (SCID-I/P).26 Family history was obtained using the Family History–Research Diagnostic Criteria.27 Children were assessed with the affective module of the Washington University in St Louis Kidd ...
The subiculum comes of age
... connections suggest that the subiculum may play a pivotal role in the hippocampal memory system. Long-term potentiation (LTP) (Commins et al., 1998, 1999) may be induced at the CA1–subicular pyramidal cell synapse but these connections apparently do not exhibit long-term depression (Anderson et al., ...
... connections suggest that the subiculum may play a pivotal role in the hippocampal memory system. Long-term potentiation (LTP) (Commins et al., 1998, 1999) may be induced at the CA1–subicular pyramidal cell synapse but these connections apparently do not exhibit long-term depression (Anderson et al., ...
optimization of neuronal cultures derived from human induced
... Cell Culture. Post-mitotic human neurons derived from iPSCs (“iCell® Neurons”, Cellular Dynamics International, USA) and primary neuronal cultures isolated from E18 rat embryos were seeded in 96-well plates (Greiner) coated with poly-D-lysine with or without laminin. For some experiments, iCell Neur ...
... Cell Culture. Post-mitotic human neurons derived from iPSCs (“iCell® Neurons”, Cellular Dynamics International, USA) and primary neuronal cultures isolated from E18 rat embryos were seeded in 96-well plates (Greiner) coated with poly-D-lysine with or without laminin. For some experiments, iCell Neur ...
The dual nature of time preparation: neural
... There were two sessions, an experimental session and a sham session, each ran on a different day. In the experimental session, five blocks were, respectively, performed in short and long foreperiod conditions, alternated every other block. In the sham session, three blocks were performed in each fore ...
... There were two sessions, an experimental session and a sham session, each ran on a different day. In the experimental session, five blocks were, respectively, performed in short and long foreperiod conditions, alternated every other block. In the sham session, three blocks were performed in each fore ...
Use of an Amino-Cupric-Silver Technique for the Detection of Early
... stored in fixative for 2-3 days. Good results, however, have been obtained in sections that have been postfixed for only 25 h or at the other extreme for 2-3 months in a refrigerator (4°C). The postfixation eventually suppresses normal fiber staining; at 24 h some normal fibers will be stained, whil ...
... stored in fixative for 2-3 days. Good results, however, have been obtained in sections that have been postfixed for only 25 h or at the other extreme for 2-3 months in a refrigerator (4°C). The postfixation eventually suppresses normal fiber staining; at 24 h some normal fibers will be stained, whil ...
Current Opinion in Neurobiology (2004)
... stimulus-reinforcer expectancies, that is, which showed reinforcer-specific activity in the presence of the odor cues, was lower in rats with BLA lesions than in intact rats. By contrast, OFC lesions had little effect on the proportion of such stimulus-reinforcer expectancy neurons in BLA. The two l ...
... stimulus-reinforcer expectancies, that is, which showed reinforcer-specific activity in the presence of the odor cues, was lower in rats with BLA lesions than in intact rats. By contrast, OFC lesions had little effect on the proportion of such stimulus-reinforcer expectancy neurons in BLA. The two l ...
Medial Prefrontal Cortex Cells Show Dynamic Modulation With the
... The role of the hippocampus during behavior has been thoroughly researched and great progress has been made into unraveling how the hippocampus plays its central role in memory tasks (Eichenbaum, 2004). The prefrontal cortex has been shown to be involved in a range of complex tasks in primates and r ...
... The role of the hippocampus during behavior has been thoroughly researched and great progress has been made into unraveling how the hippocampus plays its central role in memory tasks (Eichenbaum, 2004). The prefrontal cortex has been shown to be involved in a range of complex tasks in primates and r ...
Is neocortex essentially multisensory?
... influence orienting behavior. Cats typically show multisensory enhancement of orienting to congruent visual– auditory spatial targets when stimuli are near threshold. When the anterior ectosylvian sulcus or the rostral lateral suprasylvian sulcus is cryogenically inactivated, the multisensory behavi ...
... influence orienting behavior. Cats typically show multisensory enhancement of orienting to congruent visual– auditory spatial targets when stimuli are near threshold. When the anterior ectosylvian sulcus or the rostral lateral suprasylvian sulcus is cryogenically inactivated, the multisensory behavi ...
Wiring optimization can relate neuronal structure and function
... ecause brain structure is intimately related to its function, understanding structure should provide important clues to brain function. Traditionally, structural features of the brain are explained from the perspective of development, a complex process including such events as cell migration (1, 2), ...
... ecause brain structure is intimately related to its function, understanding structure should provide important clues to brain function. Traditionally, structural features of the brain are explained from the perspective of development, a complex process including such events as cell migration (1, 2), ...
Projections from the superior temporal sulcus to the agranular frontal
... necessary for producing accurate visually guided saccades, but it appears to play an important role in learning conditional oculomotor responses, in encoding saccades relative to an object centred frame of reference, or in monitoring the consequences of eye movements as part of a brain's supervisory ...
... necessary for producing accurate visually guided saccades, but it appears to play an important role in learning conditional oculomotor responses, in encoding saccades relative to an object centred frame of reference, or in monitoring the consequences of eye movements as part of a brain's supervisory ...
Does the sound of a barking dog activate its corresponding visual
... in order to subtract out low-level perceptual processes or crossmodal integration per se (at a pre-semantic stage) and control for domain-general function such as decision-making processes. The baseline control tasks often use stimuli such as false fonts or noise vocoded speech that have been distor ...
... in order to subtract out low-level perceptual processes or crossmodal integration per se (at a pre-semantic stage) and control for domain-general function such as decision-making processes. The baseline control tasks often use stimuli such as false fonts or noise vocoded speech that have been distor ...
Axons, but not cell bodies, are activated by electrical stimulation in
... of 6±8 ml/min and the temperature was maintained at 33±34 C. Recording and stimulation Intracellular recordings were made with glass micropipettes pulled on a BB-CH puller (Mecanex, Geneva) from 1.2-mm-OD capillaries (Clark Electromedical Instruments) and filled with 3 M of potassium acetate (d.c. ...
... of 6±8 ml/min and the temperature was maintained at 33±34 C. Recording and stimulation Intracellular recordings were made with glass micropipettes pulled on a BB-CH puller (Mecanex, Geneva) from 1.2-mm-OD capillaries (Clark Electromedical Instruments) and filled with 3 M of potassium acetate (d.c. ...
General Cortical and Special Prefrontal Connections: Principles
... far from each other and are architectonically distinct, but they have in common the simplest types of laminar structure (Figure 1c, i, c, ii). Neuronal density per unit volume is often a reliable indicator of type for sensory and association cortices. Other architectonic parameters also help describ ...
... far from each other and are architectonically distinct, but they have in common the simplest types of laminar structure (Figure 1c, i, c, ii). Neuronal density per unit volume is often a reliable indicator of type for sensory and association cortices. Other architectonic parameters also help describ ...
The Calcium Rationale in Aging and Alzheimer`s Disease
... to increased calcium channel activity, and to IP3 generation, releasing additional calcium from internal stores; (3) generation of calcium-calmodulin-dependentprotein kinase 11, which phosphorylates presynaptic synapsin I, leading to further glutamate release; (4) activation of endonucleases that ca ...
... to increased calcium channel activity, and to IP3 generation, releasing additional calcium from internal stores; (3) generation of calcium-calmodulin-dependentprotein kinase 11, which phosphorylates presynaptic synapsin I, leading to further glutamate release; (4) activation of endonucleases that ca ...
http://www.utdallas.edu/~tres/papers/Disterhoftetal1994.pdf
... to increased calcium channel activity, and to IP3 generation, releasing additional calcium from internal stores; (3) generation of calcium-calmodulin-dependentprotein kinase 11, which phosphorylates presynaptic synapsin I, leading to further glutamate release; (4) activation of endonucleases that ca ...
... to increased calcium channel activity, and to IP3 generation, releasing additional calcium from internal stores; (3) generation of calcium-calmodulin-dependentprotein kinase 11, which phosphorylates presynaptic synapsin I, leading to further glutamate release; (4) activation of endonucleases that ca ...
Superior Colliculus and Visual Spatial Attention
... but lacking saccade-related activity) had larger responses to the appearance of the “C” when the location was cued, for both spatial and symbolic cues. In contrast, “visual-motor” neurons (with both visual and saccade-related activity) showed a similar effect, but only for spatial cues and not for s ...
... but lacking saccade-related activity) had larger responses to the appearance of the “C” when the location was cued, for both spatial and symbolic cues. In contrast, “visual-motor” neurons (with both visual and saccade-related activity) showed a similar effect, but only for spatial cues and not for s ...
Massive Loss of Mid- and Hindbrain Neurons during Embryonic
... not noticeably different from Lc/1 littermates (data not shown). However, it was readily apparent in Lc/Lc neonates on close inspection that there was a massive loss of neurons in the midbrain and hindbrain regions of the Lc/Lc animals. To confirm this finding, we performed cell counts. As shown in ...
... not noticeably different from Lc/1 littermates (data not shown). However, it was readily apparent in Lc/Lc neonates on close inspection that there was a massive loss of neurons in the midbrain and hindbrain regions of the Lc/Lc animals. To confirm this finding, we performed cell counts. As shown in ...
Vagal Input to Lateral Area 3a in Cat Cortex
... functionally identified, and the afferent pathway responsible ...
... functionally identified, and the afferent pathway responsible ...
Synapse
... the lack of behavioral activity by cocaethylene in LongEvans rats may reflect differences in the functional state of the serotonergic system. Therefore, we pretreated Long-Evans rats with fluoxetine, a selective 5-HT reuptake inhibitor. Remarkably, acute pretreatment with fluoxetine augmented cocaet ...
... the lack of behavioral activity by cocaethylene in LongEvans rats may reflect differences in the functional state of the serotonergic system. Therefore, we pretreated Long-Evans rats with fluoxetine, a selective 5-HT reuptake inhibitor. Remarkably, acute pretreatment with fluoxetine augmented cocaet ...
Development and aging of cortical thickness correspond to genetic
... Across the full age range of 4.1–88.5 y, taking advantage of all longitudinal and cross-sectional observations, generalized additive mixed models (GAMMs) were used to fit mean thickness in each hemisphere to age, revealing a high rate of decrease for the first 20 y of life, followed by a more or les ...
... Across the full age range of 4.1–88.5 y, taking advantage of all longitudinal and cross-sectional observations, generalized additive mixed models (GAMMs) were used to fit mean thickness in each hemisphere to age, revealing a high rate of decrease for the first 20 y of life, followed by a more or les ...